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The Biological Role of Sialic Acid at the Surface of the Cell

  • Chapter
Biological Roles of Sialic Acid

Abstract

Hirst (1945; 1948) was the first to suggest that the substrate for the “receptor destroying enzyme” of influenza virus, later recognized as sialidase (neuraminidase, see Chapter 10), was a carbohydrate compound located in the outer membrane of the red blood cell after observing that periodate oxidation “destroys” the cellular receptor. This suggestion was supported by Fazekas de St. Groth (1949), who was able to eliminate by mild periodate oxidation the substrate activity without impairing the adsorption of the influenza virus. In the following years, the cellular receptors for the influenza virus were shown to contain galactose, galactosamine, and sialic acid (McCrea, 1954; Klenk and Stoffel, 1956; Yamakawa et al., 1956) and, in 1957, Klenk and Lempfrid isolated pure, crystalline N-acetylneuraminic acid after neuraminidase treatment of human erythrocytes. Since erythrocyte stroma contains sialic acid residues linked to gangliosides or glycoproteins, it may be assumed that sialic acid exists as a component of these two classes of compounds at the surface of the cell.

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    Roger W. Jeanloz & John F. Codington

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Jeanloz, R.W., Codington, J.F. (1976). The Biological Role of Sialic Acid at the Surface of the Cell. In: Rosenberg, A., Schengrund, CL. (eds) Biological Roles of Sialic Acid. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2226-9_7

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