Abstract
There exist some sensory receptors, with fibres running in the branches of the sympathetic system, located near the roots of the lungs but these are more related to the mediastinal structures rather than the lungs. Apart from the occasional impulses generated in these receptors by lung movements apparently no other information from the lungs reaches the central nervous system via the sympathetic routes (Holmes & Torrance, 1959). This is in contrast to the relatively vast amount of information that travels to the brain through the vagus nerves during rest and exercise.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adrian, E.D. (1933) ‘Afferent Impulses in the Vagus and their Effect on Respiration’,J. Physiol, 79, 332–58
Anand, A. & Paintal, A.S. (1980) ‘Reflex Effects Following Selective Stimulation of J Receptors in the Cat’, J. Physiol, 299, 553–72
Andres, K.H. (1974) ‘Morphological Criteria for the Differentiation of Mechano- receptors in Vertebrates’, Rheinisch Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 53, 135–51
Armstrong, D.J. & Luck, J.C. (1974a) ‘A Comparative Study of Irritant and Type J Receptors in the Cat’, Respiration Physiol, 21, 47–60
Armstrong, D.J. & Luck, J.C. (1974b) ‘Accessibility of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors from the Pulmonary and Bronchial Circulations’, J. Appl Physiol, 36, 706–10
Armstrong, D.J., Luck, J.C. & Martin, V.M. (1976) ‘The Effect of Emboli upon Intrapulmonary Receptors in the Cat’, Respiration Physiol, 26, 41–54
Arndt, J.O., Pasch, U., Samodelov, F. & Weibe, H. (1981) ‘Reversible Blockage of Myelinated and Non-myelinated Cardiac Afferents in Cats by Instillation of Procaine into the Pericardium’, Cardiovascular Res., 15, 61–7
Bülbring, E. & Whitteridge, D. (1945) ‘The Activity of Vagal Stretch Endings during Congestion in Perfused Lungs’, J. Physiol, 103, 477–87
Clark, F.J. & Euler, C.V. (1972) ‘On the Regulation of Depth and Rate of Breathing’, J Physiol, 222, 267–95
Coleridge, H.M. (1980) ‘Afferent Fibers Involved in Defence Reflexes from Respiratory Tract’, Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci., 14, 85
Coleridge, H.M. & Coleridge, J.C.G. (1975) ‘Two Types of Afferent Vagal C-fiber in the Dog Lung: Their Stimulation by Pulmonary Congestion’, Fed. Proc., 34, 372
Coleridge, H.M. & Coleridge, J.C.G. (1977a) ‘Afferent Vagal C-fibers in the Dog Lung:Their Discharge During Spontaneous Breathing, and Their Stimulation by Alloxan and Puhnonary Congestion’, in A.S. Paintal & P. Gill-Kumar (eds) Respiratory Adaptations, Capillary Exchange and Reflex Mechanisms, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi, pp. 396–405
Coleridge, H.M. & Coleridge, J.C.G. (1977b) ‘Impulse Activity in Afferent Vagal C-fibres with Endings in the Intrapulmonary Airways of Dogs’,Physiol, 29, 125–42
Coleridge, J.C.G. & Coleridge, H.M. (1977c) ‘Afferent C-fibers and Cardiorespiratory Chemoreflexes’,Rev. Resp. Dis.,115, (Suppl), 251–60
Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G., Baker, D.G., Ginzel, K. H. & Morrison, M.A. (1978) ‘Comparison of the Effects of Histamine and Prostaglandin on Afferent C-fiber Endings and Irritant Receptors in the Intrapulmonary Airways’, in R.S. Fitzgerald, H. Gautier & S. Lahiri (eds). The Regulation of Respiration during Sleep and Anesthesia, Plenun Press, New York, pp. 291–305
Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G. & Banzett, R.B. (1978) “II Effect of CO2 on Afferent Vagal Endings in the Canine Lung’, Respir. Physiol, 34, 135–51
Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G, Ginzel, K.H., Baker, D.G., Banzett, R.B. & Morrison, M.A. (1976) ‘Stimulation of ‘Irritant’ Receptors and Afferent C-fibres in the Lungs by Prostaglandins’, Nature, 264, 451–3
Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G. & Luck, J.C. (1965) ‘Pulmonary Afferent Fibres of Small Diameter Stimulated by Capsaicin and by Hyperinflation of the Lungs’, J. Physiol, 1 79, 248–62
Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G., Luck, J.C. & Norman, J. (1968) The Effect of Four Volatile Anaesthetic Agents on the Impulse Activity of Two Types of Pulmonary Receptor’, Br. J. Anesth., 40, 484–92
Costantin, L.L. (1959) ‘Effect of Pulmonary Congestion on Vagal Afferent Activity’,J. Physiol, 196, 49–53
Cross, B.A., Guz, A., Jain, S.K., Archer, S., Stevens, J. & Reynolds, F. (1976) The Effect of Anaesthesia of the Airway in Dog and Man: a Study of Respiratory Reflexes, Sensations and Lung Mechanics’, Gin. Sci. 50, 439–54
Dain, D.S., Boushey, H.A. & Gold, W.M. (1975) ‘Inhibition of Respiratory Reflexes by Local Anesthetic Aerosols in Dogs and Rabbits’, Appl Physiol, 38,1045–50
Davies, A., Dixon, M., Callanan, D., Huszczuk, A., Widdicombe, J.C. & Wise, J.C.M. (1978) ‘Lung Reflexes in Rabbits During Pulmonary Stretch Receptor Block by Sulphur Dioxide’, Respir. Physiol, 34, 83–101
Dawes, G.S. & Mott, J.C. (1950) ‘Circulatory and Respiratory Reflexes Caused by Aromatic Guanidines’, Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 5, 65–76
Delpiene, S., Crimaud, Ch., Jammes, Y. & Mei, N. (1981) ‘Changes in Activity of Vagal Bronchopulmonary C Fibres by Chemical Stimuli in the Cat’, J. Physiol, (in press)
Dickinson, C.J. & Paintal, A.S. (1968) ‘Stimulation of Lung Deflation Receptors by the Injection of Carbon Dioxide Gas into the Right Ventricle’, J. Physiol, 196, 70-lP
Dickinson, C.J. & Paintal, A.S. (1970) ‘Stimulation of Type-J Pulmonary Receptors in the Cat by Carbon Dioxide’, Gin. Sci, 38, 33P
Dixon, M., Jackson, D.M. & Richards, I.M. (1980) The Action of Sodium Cromo- glycate on ‘C Fibre Endings in the Dog Lung’, Br. J. Pharmac., 70, 11–13
Fahim, M. & Jain, S.K. (1979) The Effect of Bupivacaine Aerosol on the Activity of Pulmonary Stretch and Irritant’ Receptors’, J. Physiol, 288, 367–78
Fillenz, M. & Widdicombe, J.G. (1972) ‘Receptors of the Lungsand Airways’, in E. Neil (ed.), Enteroceptors, Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. III/l, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 81–112
Fox, B., Bull, T.B. & Guz, A. (1980) ‘Innervation of Alveolar Walls in the Human Lung: an Electron Microscopic Study’,J Anat,, 131, 683–92
Gasser, H.S. (1950) ‘Unmedullated Fibers Originating in Dorsal Root Ganglia’, J Gen. Physiol, 33, 651–90
Guyton, A.C. & Lindsey, A.W. (1959) ‘Effect of Elevated Left Atrial Pressure and Decreased Plasma Protein Concentration on the Development of Pulmonary Edema’, Circulation Res, 7, 649–57
Guz, A., Noble, M.LM., Eisele, J.H. & Trenchard, D. (1970) ‘Experimental Results of Vagal Block in Cardiopulmonary Disease’, in R. Porter (ed.) Breathing, Hering-Breuer Centenary Symposium, Churchill, London, pp. 315–29
Head, H. (1889) ‘On the Regulation of Respiration’, Part I, Experimental, J Physiol, 10,1–70
Hertweck, M.S. & Hung, K.S. (1980) ‘Ultrastructural Evidence for the Innervation of Pulmonary Alveoli’, Experientia, 36, 112
Holmes, R. & Torrance, R.W. (1959) ‘Afferent Fibres of the Stellate Ganglion’, Q. J Exp. Physiol, 44, 271–81
Hung, K-S., Hertweck, M.S., Hardy, J.D. & Loosli, C.G. (1972) ‘Innervation of Pulmonary Alveoli of the Mouse Lung: An Electron Microscopic Study’, Am. J. Anat, 135,411–95
Jain, S.K., Trenchard, D., Reynolds, F., Noble, M.LM. & Guz, A. (1973) ‘The Effect of Local Anaesthesia of the Airway on Respiratory Reflexes in the Rabbit’, Clin. Sci., 44, 519–38
Kaufmann, M.P., Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G. & Baker, D.G. (1980) ‘Bradykinin Stimulates Afferent Vagal C-fibers in Intrapulmonary Airways of Dogs’, J. Appl Physiol, 48,511–11
Knowlton, G.C. & Larabbee, M.G. (1946) ‘A Unitary Analysis of Pulmonary Volume Receptors’, Am J. Physiol, 147, 100–14
Larabbee, M.G. & Knowlton, G.C. (1946) ‘Excitation and Inhibition of PhrenicMotoneurones by Inflation of the Lungs’, Am. J. Physiol, 147, 90–9
Marshall, R. & Widdicombe, J.G. (1958) ‘The Activity of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors During Congestion of the Lungs’, Q. J. Exp. Physiol, 43, 320–30
Meyrick, B. & Reid, L. (1971a) ‘Intra-alveolar Wall Nerve in Rat Lung: an Electron-Microscopic Study’, J Physiol, 214, 6–7P
Meyrick, B. & Reid, L. (1971b) ‘Nerves in Rat Intra-acinar Alveoli: an Electron Microscopic Study’, Respir. Physiol, 11, 361–11
Miserocchi, G., Mortola, J. & Sant’Ambrogio, G. (1973) ‘Localization of Pul-monary Stretch Receptors in the Airways of the Dog’, J Physiol, 235, 775–82
Miserocchi, G. & Sant’Ambrogio, G. (1974) ‘Distribution of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors in the Intrapulmonary Airways of the Dog’, Respir. Physiol, 21, 71–5
Mitchell, G.S., Cross, B.A., Hiramoto, T. & Scheid, P. (1980) ‘Effects of Intra- puhnonary CO2 and Airway Pressure on Phrenic Activity and Pulmonary Stretch Receptor Discharge in Dogs’, Respir. Physiol, 40, 29–48
Nadeau, R.A. & Colebatch, H.J.H. (1965) ‘Normal Respiratory and Circulatory Values in the Cat’, J Appl Physiol, 20, 836–8
Pack, A.L (1981) ‘Sensory Inputs to the Medulla’, Ann. Rev. Physiol, 43, 73–90
Paintal, A.S. (1953a) ‘A Study of Right and Left Atrial Receptors’, J. Physiol, 720,596–610
Paintal, A.S. (1953b) TheConduction Velocities of Respiratory and Cardiovascular Afferent Fibres in the Vagus Nerve’, J. Physiol, 121, 341–59
Paintal, A.S. (1955) ‘Impulses in Vagal Afferent Fibres from Specific Pulmonary Deflation Receptors. The Response of These Receptors to Phenyl Diguanide, Potato Starch, 5-hydroxytryptamine and Nicotine, and Their Role in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Reflexes’, Q. J. Exp. Physiol, 40, 89–111
Paintal, A.S. (1957) ‘The Location and Excitation of Pulmonary Deflation Receptors by Chemical Substances’, Q. J. Exp. Physiol, 42, 56–71
Paintal, A.S. (1964) ‘Effects of Drugs on Vertebrate Mechanoreceptors’, Pharmac. Rev., 16, 341–80
Paintal, A.S. (1966) ‘Re-evaluation of Respiratory Reflexes’, Q.J. Exp. Physiol, 57,151–63
Paintal, A.S. (1967a) ‘Mechanism of Stimulation of Aortic Chemoreceptors by Natural Stimuli and Chemical Substances’, J. Physiol, 189, 63–84
Paintal, A.S. (1967b) ‘A Comparison of the Nerve Impulses of Mammalian Non- medullated Nerve Fibres with those of the Smallest Diameter Medullated Fibres’, J. Physiol, 193, 523–33
Paintal, A.S. (1969) ‘Mechanism of Stimulation of Type J Pulmonary Receptors’, J. Physiol, 203, 511–32
Paintal, A.S. (1970) ‘The Mechanism of Excitation of Type J Receptors, and the J Reflex’, in R. Porter (ed.), Breathing, Hering-Breuer Centenary Symposium, Churchill, London, pp. 59–71
Paintal, A.S. (1973) ‘Vagal Sensory Receptors and their Reflex Effects’, Physiol Rev., 53, 159–221
Paintal, A.S. (1974) ‘Fluid Pump of Typfe J Receptors of the Cat’, Physiol, 238, 53–4P
Paintal, A.S. (1977a) Thoracic Receptors Connected with Sensation’, Br. Med. Bull, 33, 169–74
Paintal, A.S. (1977b) ‘The Nature and Effects of Sensory Inputs into the Respiratory Centres’, Fed. Proc., 30, 2428–32
Paintal, A.S. (1977c) ‘Effects of Drugs on Chemoreceptors, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Receptors’,Pharmac. Ther. J, B 33 41–63
Paintal, A.S. (1982) ‘Reflex Effects of J Receptors’, in M.E. Schlaefke (ed.). Central Neurons, Environment and the Control Systems of Breathing and Circulation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (in press)
Paintal, A.S., Damodaran, V.N. & Gus, A. (1973) ‘Mechanism of Excitation of Type J Receptors’, Acta Neurobiol Exp.,33,15–19
Paintal, A.S. & Gill-Kumar, P. (1977) ‘Respiratory Adaptations, Capillary Exchange and Reflex Mechanisms’, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi
Paintal, A.S. & Ravi, K. (1980) The Relative Location of Low- and Higher- threshold Pulmonary Stretch Receptors’ J. Physiol, 307, 50–1P
Paintal, A.S. & Rüey, R.L. (1966) ‘Responses of Aortic Chemoreceptors’, J Appl Physiol, 21, 543–8
Poole, C.A. & Satchell, G.H. (1979) ‘Nociceptors in the Gills of the Dogfish Squalusacanthias’, J. Comp. Physiol, 130,1–1
Reed, J.W., Ablett, M. & Cotes, J.E. (1978) ‘Ventüatory Responses to Exercise and to Carbon Dioxide in Mitral Stenosis Before and After Valvulotomy: Causes of Tachypnoea’, Gin. Sci, 54, 9–16
Russell, N.J.W. & Trenchard, D. (1980) ‘Non-myelinated Vagal Lung Receptors in the Rabbit’, J Physiol, 300, 31 P
Russell, N.J.W. & Trenchard, D. (1981) ‘Chemoreflexes of Pulmonary Origin Elicited by Sodium Dithionite in the Anaesthetized Rabbit’, J. Physiol, 310,63–4 P
Sampson, S.R. (1977) ‘Sensory Neurophysiology of Airways’, Am. Rev. Resp. 115(suppl), 107–15
Sampson, S.R. & Vidruk, E.H. (1975) ‘Properties of ‘Irritant’ Receptors in Canine Lung’, Respir. Physiol., 25, 9–22
Sant’Ambrogio, G. & Miserocchi, G. (1973) ‘Functional Localization of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors in the Airways of the Cat’, Arch. Fisiol, 70, 1–7
Sant’Ambrogio, G., Miserocchi, G. & Mortola, J. (1974) ‘Transient Responses of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors in the Dog to Inhalation of Carbon Dioxide’, Respir. Physiol, 22, 191–7
Sant’Ambrogio, F.B. & Sant’Ambrogio, G. (1980) ‘Circulatory Accessibility of Localized Airways Receptors’, Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci., 14, 680
Sant’Ambrogio, F.B. & Sant’Ambrogio, G. (1981) ‘Circulatory Accessibility of Afferent Endings in the Tracheo-bronchial Tree of the Dog’, J. Physiol, (in press)
Sapru, H.N., Willette, R.N. & Krieger, A.J. (1981) ‘Stimulation of Pulmonary J Receptors by an Enkephalin-analog’, J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther., 217, 228–34
Satchell, G.H. (1978) ‘Type J Receptors in the Gills of Fish’, in R. Porter (ed.), Studies in Neurophysiology, Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 131–42
Sellick, H. & Widdicombe, J.G. (1969) ‘The Activity of Lung Irritant Receptors During Pneumothorax, Hyperpnoea and Pulmonary Vascular Congestion’, J. Physiol, 203, 359–81
Sellick, H. & Widdicombe, J.G. (1970) ‘Vagal Deflation and Inflation Reflexes Mediated by Lung Irritant Receptors’, Q.J. Exp. Physiol, 55, 153–63
Singh, S., Jain, S.K. & Kumar, A. (1982) ‘Vagal Sensory Mechanisms Involved in Reflex Bronchoconstriction in Dogs’, Ind. J. Med. Res., (in press)
Staub, N.C. (1975) ‘Some Aspects of Airways Structure and Function’, Post-grad. Med. J.,51,(Suppl. 7), 21–34
Trenchard, D., Gardner, D. & Guz, A. (1972) ‘Role of Pulmonary Vagal Afferent Nerve Fibres in the Development of Rapid Shallow Breathing in Lung Inflammation’, Clin. Set, 42, 251–63
Walsh, E.G. (1946) ‘Vagal Nerve Fibre Activity Following Multiple Pulmonary Embolism’, J. Physiol, 106, 466–70
Whitteridge, D. (1958) ‘Effects of Anaesthetics on Mechanical Receptors’, Br. Med. Bull, 14,5–1
Widdicombe, J.G. (1954a) ‘Receptors in the Trachea and Bronchi of the Cat’, J Physiol, 123, 71–104
Widdicombe, J.G. (1954b) The Site of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors in the Cat’, J. Physiol, 125, 336–51
Widdicombe, J.G. (1961) The Activity of Pulmonary Stretch Receptors during Bronchoconstriction, Pulmonary Oedema, Atelectasis and Breathing Against a Resistance’, J. Physiol, 159, 436–50
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 David J. Pallot
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Paintal, A.S. (1983). Lung and Airway Receptors. In: Pallot, D.J. (eds) Control of Respiration. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1487-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1487-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1489-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1487-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive