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Immunology of Vibrio cholerae

  • Chapter
Immunology of Human Infection

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Immunology ((COMIMUN,volume 8))

Abstract

The problems of immunization against the cholera vibrios and the disease cholera, for which they are responsible, can best be appreciated using Fig. 1 as a frame of reference. The figure, kindly provided by Dr. Edward T. Nelson (Nelson et al., 1976), is a scanning electron micrograph of Vibrio cholerae organisms, magnified approximately 5000 times, adhering to the intestinal mucosal epithelium about 5 hr after their introduction into the lumen of an isolated ileal loop in an adult rabbit. [The adult rabbit ileal loop model, reintroduced by S. N. De (De and Chatterje, 1953), is widely used as an experimental system for the controlled investigation of aspects of pathogenicity and immunology of cholera and other enterotoxic enteropathies.] The tissue was extensively washed prior to its preparation for electron microscopy, so it is evident that the vibrios are adherent with a degree of firmness that resists detachment. The small bowel, in health, is normally relatively free of bacteria because of the efficiency of the normal clearance mechanisms, the mucus layer (Florey, 1933), and peristalsis (Dixon, 1960). Thus it also becomes evident that the cholera vibrios can, by their specific adhesive properties, circumvent the normal defensive barriers to colonize the small bowel in huge numbers in close association with the intestinal epithelium, the target tissue for their enterotoxin. Unlike shigellae and salmonellae, chol- era vibrios have never been shown to penetrate the intestinal epithelial cells, although they do occasionally insert themselves between the microvilli (Nelson et al., 1976). Accumulating evidence (Jones, 1975) permits one to state, axiomatically, that the ability to adhere to the intestinal mucosa is an important attribute of virulence of any nonpenetrating bacterial pathogen of the small bowel.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA

    Richard A. Finkelstein

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    André J. Nahmias

  2. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

    Richard J. O’Reilly

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Finkelstein, R.A. (1981). Immunology of Vibrio cholerae . In: Nahmias, A.J., O’Reilly, R.J. (eds) Immunology of Human Infection. Comprehensive Immunology, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1009-9_12

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