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Introduction and Source Materials

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Sand and Sandstone

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Abstract

Sands and clastic sediments, in general, differ from the igneous and other crystalline rocks in possessing a framework of grains — a framework stable in the earth’s gravitational field. Unlike the grains of the igneous and related rocks which are in continuous contact with their neighbors, the grains in a sand are generally in tangential contact only and thus form an open, three-dimensional network. As a consequence, sands have a high porosity — have a fluid-filled pore system. The unequal distribution of stress along grain boundaries may lead to solution at points of pressure and deposition elsewhere increasing the surfaces of contact and decreasing the pore space. Such action, coupled in some cases with the introduction of cementing materials, leads to the ultimate end-product — a rock with grains in continuous contact and without porosity. In this manner, a sand with tangential contacts and a porosity of 35 to 40 percent is converted to an interlocking crystalline mosaic with zero porosity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA

    F. J. Pettijohn (Professor of Geology)

  2. University of Cincinnati, 45221, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Paul Edwin Potter (Professor of Geology)

  3. Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Raymond Siever (Professor of Geology)

Authors
  1. F. J. Pettijohn
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  2. Paul Edwin Potter
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  3. Raymond Siever
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Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E., Siever, R. (1972). Introduction and Source Materials. In: Sand and Sandstone. Springer Study Edition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9974-6_1

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