Abstract
Recently, much attention has been focused on studies which suggest the involvement of active oxygens and free radicals in a variety of pathological events, cancer, and even the aging process (21,30). Oxygen is indispensable for aerobic organisms including, of course, human beings; however, it is believed that oxygen also may be responsible for undesired phenomena (4). In particular, oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen, and other radicals, are proposed as agents attacking polyunsaturated fatty acid in cell membranes, giving rise to lipid peroxidation (3). Several reports have suggested that lipid peroxidation may result in destabilization and disintegration of cell membranes, leading to liver injury and other diseases, and finally, to aging and susceptibility to cancer. However, normal cell membranes do not undergo lipid peroxidation so severely in vivo because of the extremely efficient protective mechanisms against damage caused by active oxygens and free radicals. Such systems include enzymatic inactivation by, for example, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase and catalase, as well as nonenzymatic protection of polyunsaturated fatty acid by physiological and biological antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, ß-carotene, and uric acid (2). More recently, bilirubin (35) and carnocine (18) have been reported as being biologically significant antioxidants. In addition, several antioxidants have been reported to play an important role in the prevention of carcinogenesis related to active oxygen radicals, and in some cases, to extend the life span of animals (8).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akasaka, S., and S. Yonei (1985) Mutation induction in Escherichia coli incubated in the reaction mixture of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation of rat-liver microsomes. Mutat. Res. 149:321–326.
Ames, B.N., R. Cathcart, E. Schwiers, and P. Hochstein (1981) Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging cancer: A hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 78:6858–6862.
Aust, S.D., and B.A. Svingen (1982) The role of ion in enzymatic lipid peroxidation. In Free Radicals in Biology, Vol. V, W.A. Pryor, ed. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
Balentino, D.B. (1982) Pathology of Oxygen Toxicity, Academic Press, Inc., New York.
Bauernfeind, J. (1980) Tocopherols in foods. In Vitamin E : A Comprehensive Treatise, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 99–167.
Cajelli, E., A. Ferraris, and G. Brambilla (1987) Mutagenicity of 4-hydroxynonenal in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutat. Res. 190:169–171.
Chiù, D., B. Lubin, and S.B. Shohet (1982) Peroxidative reactions in red cell biology. In Free Radicals in Biology, Vol. V, W.A. Pryor, ed. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 115–160.
Cutler, R.G. (1984) Antioxidants, aging, and longevity. In Free Radicals in Biology, Vol. VI, W.A. Pryor, ed. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 371–428.
Dianzani, M.U. (1982) Biochemical effects of saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. In Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cancer, D.C.H. McBrien and T.F. Slater, eds. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 129–171.
Dugan, L.R. (1980) Natural antioxidants. In Autoxidation in Food and Biological Systems, M.G. Simic and H. Karel, eds. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 261–282.
Esterbauer, H. (1982) Aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation. In Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cancer, D.C.H. Mcbrien and T.F. Slater, eds. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 101–128.
Esterbauer, H., K.H. Cheeseman, M.U. Dianzani, G. Poli, and T.F. Slater (1982) Separation and characterization of Jthe aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation stimulated by ADP-Fe in rat liver microsomes. Biochem. J. 208:129–140.
Fukuda, Y., T. Osawa, and M. Namiki (1981) Antioxidants in sesame seed. Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 28:461–464.
Fukuda, Y., T. Osawa, M. Namiki, and T. Ozaki (1985) Studies on antioxidative substances in sesame seed. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49:301–306.
Fukuda, Y., M. Nagata, T. Osawa, and M. Namiki (1986) Contribution of lignan analogues to antioxidative activity of refined unroasted sesame seed oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 63:1027–1031.
Fukuda, Y., M. Isobe, M. Nagata, T. Osawa, and M. Namiki (1986) Acidic transformation of sesamolin, the sesame oil constituent into an antioxidant bisepoxylignan, sesaminol. Heterocycles 24:923–926.
Hochstein, P., and A.H. Atallah (1988) The nature of oxidants and antioxidant systems in the inhibition of mutation and cancer. Mutat. Res. 202:363–375.
Kohen, R., Y. Yamamoto, K.C. Cundy, and B.N. Ames (1988) Antioxidant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle and brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 85:3175–3179.
Lyon, O.K. (1972) Sesame: Current knowledge of composition and use. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 49:245–249.
Marnett, L.J., H.K. Hurd, M.C. Hollstein, D.E. Levin, H. Esterbauer, and B.N. Ames (1985) Naturally occurring carbonyl compounds are mutagens in Salmonella tester strain TA104. Mutat. Res. 148:25–34.
McBrien, D.C.H., and T.F. Slater, eds. (1982) Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation and Cancer, Academic Press, Inc., New York.
McCay, P.B., and M.M. King (1980) Vitamin E: Its role as a biological free radical scavenger and its relationship to the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. In Vitamin E: A Comprehensive Treatise, L.J. Mcchlin, ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 289–317.
Mukai, F.H., and B.D. Goldstein (1976) Mutagenicity of malonaldehyde, a decomposition product of peroxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids. Science 191:868–869.
Nagata, M., T. Osawa, M. Namiki, Y. Fukuda, and T. Ozaki (1987) Stereochemical structures of antioxidative bisepoxylignans, sesaminol and its isomers, transformed from sesamolin. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51:1285–1289.
Namiki, M., and T. Osawa (1986) Antioxidants/antimutagens in foods. In Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms, D.M. Shankel, P.E. Hartman, T. Kada, and A. Hollaender, eds. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 131–142.
Ohta, T., K. Watanabe, M. Moriya, Y. Shirasu, and T. Kada (1983) Anti-mutagenic effects of coumarin and umbelliferone on mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or UV irradiation in E. coli. Mutat. Res. 117:135–138.
Osawa, T., M. Nagata, M. Namiki, and Y. Fukuda (1985) Sesamolinol, a novel antioxidant isolated from sesame seeds. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49:3351–3352.
Osawa, T., A. Ide, J.-De Su, and M. Namiki (1987) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by ellagic acid. J. Agric. Food Chem. 35:808–812.
Porter, W.L. (1980) Recent trend in food applications of antioxidants. In Autoxidation in Food and Biological Systems, M.G. Simic and M. Karel, eds. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 295–365.
Pryor, W.A. (1986) Cancer and free radicals. In Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms, D.M. Shankel, P.E. Hartman, T. Kada, and A. Hollaender, eds. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 45–59.
Pziezak, J.D. (1986) Preservatives: Antioxidants. The ultimate answer to oxidation. Food Tech. 40(9) : 94–102.
Shima, A. (1988) Effect of food components on cellular aging. In Food Functionalities, M. Fujimaki, ed. Gakkai Press Center, Tokyo, pp. 227–231.
Shimoi, K., Y. Nakamura, I. Tomita, Y. Hara, and T. Kada (1986) The pyrogallol related compounds reduce UV-induced mutations in Escherichia coli, B/r WP2. Mutat. Res. 173:239–244.
Simic, M.G. (1988) Mechanisms of inhibition of free-radical processes in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Mutat. Res. 202:377–386.
Stocker, R., Y. Yamamoto, A.F. McDonagh, A.N. Glazer, and B.N. Ames (1987) Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science 235:1043–1046.
Su, J.-De, T. Osawa, and M. Namiki (1986) Screening for antioxidative activity of crude drugs. Agric. Biol. Chem. 50:199–203.
Su, J.-De, T. Osawa, S. Kawakishi, and M. Namiki (1987) Antioxidative flavonoids isolated from Osbeckia chinensis L. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51:2801–2803.
Su, J.-De, T. Osawa, S. Kawakishi, and M. Namiki (1987) A novel antioxidative synergist isolated from Osbeckia chinensis L. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51:3449–3450.
Su, J.-De, T. Osawa, S. Kawakishi, and M. Namiki (1988) Tannin antioxidants from Osbeckia chinensis. Phytochemistry 27:1315–1319.
Yonei, S., and H. Furui (1981) Lethal and mutagenicity effects of malonaldehyde, a decomposition product of peroxidized lipids, on Escherichia coli with different DNA repair capacities. Mutat. Res. 88:23–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Osawa, T., Namiki, M., Kawakishi, S. (1990). Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Protection against Oxidative Damage. In: Kuroda, Y., Shankel, D.M., Waters, M.D. (eds) Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms II. Basic Life Sciences, vol 52. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9561-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9561-8_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9563-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9561-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive