Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Critical Issues in Psychiatry ((CIPS))

Abstract

Amok — a Malay term referring to homicidal assault — has been reported to the Occidental world by travelers to India and the Malay Archipelago from the 16th century up to today (Norris, 1849; Oxley, 1849; Spores, 1976). Amok (also written “amuk” or “amuck”) has long been known in Malay and Indian folklore as a special type of violent behavior, either common enough or important enough to acquire a specific term for it. Over the last several decades, British physicians in Malaysia and Singapore (Ellis, 1893; Gimlette, 1901; Abraham, 1912; Galloway, 1923) and Dutch physicians in Indonesia (Van Loon, 1926-27; van Wulffton-Palthe, 1933) have described the amok phenomenon in great detail, usually including case histories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abraham, J. J., 1912, Latah and amok, Br. Med. J. 1:438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attneave, C. L., 1969, Therapy in tribal settings and urban network intervention, Family Proc. 8:192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L., and McCauly, J., 1971, The contagion of criminal violence, Sociometry 34:238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, N., Lum, J. T., and Vanderpearl, R. J., 1974, Disturbed communications: A contributing factor in sudden murder, Ment. Health Soc. 1:345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgeois, M., 1969, Suicides by fire in the bonze manner, Ann. Med. Psychol. 2:116.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H., 1967, Mass murder: The Wagner case, Am. J. Psychiatry 124:693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burton-Bradley, B. G., 1968, The Amok syndrome in Papua and New Guinea, Med. J. Aust. 1:252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E., 1978, Ethno-behaviorism and the culture-bound syndromes: The case of amok, Culture, Med. Psychiatry 2:269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E., and Tan, E. K., 1976, In search of the true amok: Amok as viewed within the Malay culture, Am. J. Psychiatry 133:1295.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, P. C, 1970, Classification and concepts of causation of mental illness in a rural Malay community, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 16:205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, J. W., 1970, A social approach to an understanding of schizophrenic-like reactions, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 16:136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, W. G., 1893, The amok of the Malays, J. Ment. Sci. 39:325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, R. H., Thomas, E. W., and Queenen, A. J., 1977, Suicide and homicide: Common sources and consistent relationships, Soc. Psychiatry 12:149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway, D. J., 1923, On amok, in “Far Eastern Association for Tropical Medicine: Transactions of the Fifth Biennial Congress, Singapore,” Vol. 5, pp. 162–171, John Bale Sons and Danielson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gimlette, J. D., 1901, Notes on a case of amok, J. Trop. Med. Hyg 4:l95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullick, J. M., 1958, Indigenous political systems in western Malaysia, in “London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology,” No. 17, Athlone Press, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, R., 1970, Some sociological aspects of suicide in Singapore, in “Mental Health Trends in Developing Society” (M. Yap and P. Ngui, eds.), Roche Far East Research Foundation, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, T., and Rahe, R., 1967, The social readjustment rating scale, J. Psychosom. Res. 11:213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, P. M., Barker, N. W., Crawford, H. A., et al, 1972, The natural history of a heroin epidemic, Am. J. Public Health 62:995.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, J. A., 1977, Social loss: A comparison of suicide victims, homicide offenders and non-violent individuals, Dis. Nerv. Syst. 38:157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, F. D., 1967, Experiences of a division psychiatrist in Vietnam, Mil. Med. 132:1003.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kloss, C. B., 1923, Arctic amok, J. Malaya Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 1:254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamberti, J. W., Blackman, N., and Weiss, J. M. A., 1958, The sudden murderer: A preliminary report, J. Soc. Ther. 4:2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lion, J. R., Bach-y-Riat, G., and Ervin, F. R., 1969, Violent patients in the emergency room, Am. J. Psychiatry 125:1706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, H. B. M., 1959, Culture and mental disorder in Singapore, in “Culture and Mental Health” (M. Opler, ed.), Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, H. B. M., 1972, History and the evolution of syndromes: The striking case of latah and amok, in “Psychopathology: Contributions from the Social, Behavioral and Biological Sciences” (M. Hammer, K. Salzinger, and S. Sutton, eds.), Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicol, A. R., Gunn, J. C, Gristwood, J., Foggitt, R. H., and Watson, J. P., 1973, The relationship of alcoholism to violent behavior in long-term imprisonment, Br. J. Psychiatry 123:47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, W., 1849, Sentence of death upon a Malay convicted of running amuck, J. Indian Archipelago 3:460.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, H. A., 1883, Latah, J. Straits Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 11:143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxley, J., 1849, Malay amoks, J. Indian Archipelago 3:532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattison, E. M., DeFrancisco, D., Wood, D., Frazier, H., and Crowder, J., 1975, A psychosocial kinship model for family therapy. Presented at annual meeting, American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahe, R. H., McKean, J. D., and Arthur, R. J., 1967, A longitudinal study of life-change and illness patterns, J. Psychosom. Res. 10:355.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resner, G., and Hartog, J., 1970, Concepts and terminology of mental disorder among the Malays, J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 1:369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruotolo, A. K., 1975, Neurotic pride and homicide, Am. J. Psychoanal. 35:1016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, K., Hill, L., and Guthrie, G., 1977, Running amok, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 23:264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, W., 1972, Amok, Fed. Museums J. (Malaysia) 17:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spain, D. M., Bradess, V. A., and Eggston, A. A., 1951, Alcohol and violent death: A one year study of consecutive cases in a representative community, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 146:334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spores, J. C, 1976, Running amok: A sociological analysis. Doctoral Dissertation, Xerox University Microfilm, Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, E. K., and Carr, J. E., 1977, Psychiatric sequelae of amok, Culture, Med. and Psychiatry 1:59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanay, E., 1976, The Dear John syndrome during the Vietnam War, Dis. Nerv. Syst. 37:165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. D., Gammon, C. B., and Capasso, D. R., 1976, Aggression as a function of the interaction of alcohol and threat, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 34:938.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh, J. I., 1972, The changing psychopathology of amok, Psychiatry 35:345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh, J. I., 1974, An analysis of completed suicide by psychological post-mortem, Ann. Acad. Med. 3:117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon, F. H. G., 1926-27, Amok and latah, J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 21:434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon, F. H. G., 1928, Protopathic instinctive phenomena in normal and pathologic Malay life, Br. J. Med. Psychol. 8:264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Wulffton-Palthe, P. M., 1933, Amok, Med. J. Geneesk. 77:983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J., 1972, A comparison of amok and other homicide in Laos, Am. J. Psychiatry 129:703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J., 1973a, Grenade-amok in Laos: A psychosocial perspective, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 9:251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J., 1973b, On the epidemicity of amok violence, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 28:873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J., 1974, Opium smoking in Laos: A survey of 40 addicts, Am. J. Psychiatry 131:165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R. J., 1928, “Papers on Malay Subjects,” Federated Malay States Government Press, Kuala Lampur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaguirre, J. C, 1957, Amuck, J. Philipp. Fed. Priv. Med. Pract. 6:1138.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Westermeyer, J. (1982). Amok. In: Friedmann, C.T.H., Faguet, R.A. (eds) Extraordinary Disorders of Human Behavior. Critical Issues in Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9251-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9251-8_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9253-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9251-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics