Abstract
The estuary/pass/shelf complex is viewed as an interactive system whose internal dynamics are controlled, in large measure, by driving forces external to the system. Internal exchange reflects the force of water mass movement and mixing processes as they interact within the local context. Transport of chemical materials is related to these factors, but it also reflects the individual reactivities of each chemical species. Some information is now available concerning the estuary/shelf exchange of biologically important elements (N, P, Si, and C), and caloric exchange may be roughly calculated from the organic carbon data. The movement and behavior of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Hg) are also known in some instances. Large rivers represent a special case, since, lacking estuaries, they transport materials directly into the sea. The Mississippi River outflow is presented as an example.
Exchange of living organisms is related to the physical processes, but it also reflects reproductive and behavioral activities. Although phytoplankton is moved passively by water currents, its rapid reproduction permits maintenance of local populations. Zooplankton, including both holoplankters and larval stages of non-planktonic adults, exhibits behavior patterns which enhance survival of local populations and distributive movement to favorable habitats. Larger mobile species traverse the pass under their own power and display regular seasonal patterns of migration. Some information is available concerning the factors which trigger population movements.
From the standpoint of net gain or loss, there seem to be two basic types of systems: those in which there is a net annual export of organic carbon by estuaries and those in which there is a net annual import. Factors underlying these differences are discussed. Although the literature base is still rather thin, intense recent interest in estuary/shelf relations has provided new research tools for pursuit of problems which can be sketched only in outline form at present. Knowledge derived from holistic studies of the estuary/shelf system is greatly needed as a base for wise management of coastal resources.
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Darnell, R.M., Soniat, T.M. (1979). The Estuary/Continental Shelf as an Interactive System. In: Livingston, R.J. (eds) Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems. Marine Science, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9146-7_21
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