Skip to main content

Abstract

The medical aspects of the science of photobiology are among the most important parts of this discipline, since they are concerned primarily with direct effects of nonionizing radiation on humans. Two organ systems are directly affected by sunlight: the eye and the skin. The eye is discussed in Chapter 9. Therefore, the present discussion will be concerned primarily with cutaneous reactions to the sun.(1–6)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. B. E. Johnson, F. Daniels, Jr., and I. A. Magnus, Response of human skin to ultraviolet light, in: Photophysiology, Vol. 4 (A. C. Giese, ed.), pp. 139–202, Academic Press, New York (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  2. F. Urbach (ed.), The Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation Pergamon Press, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. H. Epstein, Adverse cutaneous reactions to the sun, in: Yearbook of Dermatology (F. D. Malkinson and R. W. Pearson, eds.), pp. 5–43, Yearbook, Chicago (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  4. T. B. Fitzpatrick (consult, ed.), M. A. Pathak, L. C. Harber, M. Seiji, and A. Kukita (eds.), Sunlight and Man, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. A. Parrish, R. R. Anderson, F. Urbach, and D. Pitts (eds.), UV-A: Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation with Emphasis on Human Responses to Longwave Ultraviolet, Plenum Press, New York (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. D. Regan and J. A. Parrish (eds.), The Science of Photomedicine, Plenum Press, New York (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  7. F. Urbach and R. W. Gange (ed.), The Biological Effects of UVA Radiation, Praeger, New York (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  8. I. Willis, A. Kligman, and J. H. Epstein, Effects of long ultraviolet rays on human skin: Photoprotective or photoaugmentative? J. Invest. Dermatol. 59, 416–420 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. S. Snyder and W. H. Eaglstein, Intradermal antiprostaglandin agents and sunburn, J. Invest. Dermatol. 62, 47–50 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. F. Wilgram, R. L. Kidd, W. S. Krawczyk, and P. L. Cole, Sunburn effect on keratinosomes, Arch. Dermatol. 101, 505–519 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Wier, K. Fukuyama, and W. L. Epstein, Nuclear changes during light induced depression of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in human epidermis, Lab. Invest. 25, 451–456 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Fukuyama, W. L. Epstein, and J. H. Epstein, The effect of ultraviolet light on RNA and protein synthesis in differentiated epidermal cells, Nature 216, 1031–1032 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. H. Epstein, K. Fukuyama, and K. Fye, Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the mitotic cycle and DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in mammalian epidermis in vivo, Photochem. Photobiol. 12, 57–65 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. A. Soffen and H. F. Blum, Quantitative measurements in changes in mouse skin following a single dose of ultraviolet light, J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 58, 81–96 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. W. S. Bullough and E. B. Laurence, Tissue homeostasis in adult mammals, in: Advances in Biology of Skin, Vol. 7 (W. Montagna and R. L. Dobson, eds.), pp. 1–36, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  16. J. J. Voorhees, E. A. Duell, and W. H. Kelsey, Dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibition of epidermal cell division, Arch. Dermatol. 105, 384–386 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. E. Cleaver, Repair of damaged DNA in human and other eukaryotic cells, in: Nucleic Acid-Protein Interactions — Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Viral Infection (D. W. Ribbons, J. F. Woessner, and J. Schultz, eds.), pp. 87–112, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. E. Cleaver, Repair processes for photochemical damage in mammalian cells, Adv. Radiat. Biol. 4, 1–75 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. P. D. Forbes, F. Urbach, and R. E. Davies, Photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice: Dose-response and influence of dose-delivery, Photochem. Photobiol. 34, 361–365 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. R. Lehman, S. Kirk-Bell, C. F. Arlett, M. C. Paterson, P. H. M. Lohman, E. A. de Weerd-Kastelein, and D. Bootsma, Xeroderma pigmentosum cells with normal levels of excision repair have a defect in DNA synthesis after UV-irradiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2, 219–223 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. L. Olson, J. Nordquist, and M. A. Everett, The role of epidermal lysosomes in melanin pigmentation, Br. J. Dermatol. 83, 189–199 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. H. Epstein, K. Fukuyama, and R. L. Dobson, Ultraviolet light carcinogenesis, in: The Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (F. Urbach, ed.), pp. 551–568, Pergamon Press, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  23. W. L. Epstein, K. Fukuyama, and J. H. Epstein, Early effects of ultraviolet light on DNA synthesis in human skin in vivo, Arch. Dermatol. 100, 84–89 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. L. H. Kligman, F. J. Akin, and A. M. Kligman, The contributions of UV-A and UV-B to connective tissue damage in hairless mice, J. Invest. Dermatol. 84, 272–276 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. H. F. Blum, Carcinogenesis by Ultraviolet Light, Princeton University Press, Princeton (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. H. Epstein, Ultraviolet carcinogenesis, in: Photophysiology, Vol. 5 (A. C. Giese, ed.), pp. 235–273, Academic Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. H. Epstein, Photocarcinogenesis, skin cancer and aging, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 9, 487–506 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. W. Kopf, M. L. Kripke, and R. S. Stern, Sun and malignant melanoma, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 11, 674–684 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. H. Epstein, How important is the role of radiation from the sun in the rising incidence of melanomas?, in: Controversies in Dermatology (E. Epstein, ed.), pp. 10–12, Saunders, Philadelphia (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. L. Kripke, Immunology of UV-induced skin cancer: Yearly review, Photochem. Photobiol. 32, 837–839 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. A. Daynes, E. J. Bernhard, M. F. Gurish, and D. H. Lynch, Experimental photoimmunology: Immunologic ramifications of UV induced carcinogenesis, J. Invest. Dermatol. 17, 77–85 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. R. D. Granstein, J. A. McAuliffe, D. J. Waltenbaugh, and M. I. Greene, Immunologic inhibition of ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor suppressor cell activity, Science 224, 615–617 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. E. Cleaver and D. Bootsma, Xeroderma pigmentosum: Biochemical and genetic characteristics, Ann. Rev. Genetics 9, 19–38 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. V. M. Maher, L. M. Oulette, R. D. Curren, and J. J. McCormick, Frequency of ultraviolet light-induced mutations is higher in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells than in normal human cells, Nature 261, 593–595 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. H. Epstein, Photoallergy: A review, Arch. Dermatol. 106, 741–748 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. H. Epstein and B. U. Wintroub, Photosensitivity due to drugs, Drugs 30, 42–57 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. H. W. Lim, L. Young, M. Hagen, and I. Gigli, Delayed phase of hematoporphyrin-induced phototoxicity: Modulation by complement, leukocytes and antihistamines, J. Invest. Dermatol. 84, 114–117 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. H. W. Lim, M. Hagen, and I. Gigli, Phototoxicity in mast cell deficient, C5 deficient and leukopenic mice, Clin. Res. 33, 23A (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. H. Epstein, Photoallergy and photoimmunology, in: Dermatologic Immunology and Allergy (J. Stone, ed.), pp. 629–640, Mosby, St. Louis (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. F. DeLuca, Vitamin D: The vitamin and the hormone, Federation Proc. 33, 2211–2219 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. W. F. Loomis, Skin-pigmentation regulation of vitamin D biosynthesis in man, Science 157, 501–506 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. K. H. Kaidbey and A. M. Kligman, Photopigmentation with trioxsalan, Arch. Dermatol. 109, 674–677 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. A. Parrish, T. B. Fitzpatrick, L. Tanenbaum, and M. A. Pathak, Photochemotherapy of psoriasis with oral methoxsalen and longwave ultraviolet light, N. Engl. J. Med. 291, 1207–1211 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. L. E. Bockstahler, C. D. Lytle, and K. B. Hellman, A review of photodynamic therapy for herpes simplex: Benefits and potential risks, DHEW Publication No. (FDA) 75-8013. Available from the Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20852 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. R. Doiron and G. S. Keller, Porphyrin photodynamic therapy: Principles and clinical applications, in: Therapeutic Photomedicine (H. Hönigsmann and G. Stengl, eds.), pp. 85–93, Karger, Basel (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. Jesionek, Tappenier zur Behandlung des Hautcarcinomes mit fluoreszierenden Stoffen, Munch. Med. Wochenschr. 41, 2042–2044 (1903).

    Google Scholar 

  47. T. J. Dougherty, W. R. Potter, and K. R. Weishaupt, The structure of the active component of hematoporphyrin derivative, in: Porphyrin Localization and Treatment of Tumors (D. R. Doiron and C. J. Gomer, eds.), No. 170, pp. 301–314, Alan R. Liss, New York (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  48. D. R. Doiron, L. O. Svaasand, and A. E. Profio, Light dosimetry in tissue application to photoirradiation therapy, in: Porphyrin Photosensitization (D. Kessel and T. J. Dougherty, eds.), p. 63, Plenum Press, New York (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Phototherapy in the Newborn, Final report of the Committee Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, D.C. 20418 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. A. Pathak, Sunscreens: Topical and systemic approaches for protection of human skin against harmful effects of solar radiation, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 7, 285–312 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Tanenbaum and D. L. Tuffanelli, Antimalarial agents: Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine, Arch. Dermatol. 16, 587–591 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. M. M. Mathews-Roth, M. A. Pathak, T. B. Fitzpatrick, L. C. Harber, and E. H. Kass, Beta-carotene therapy of erythropoietic porphyria and other photosensitive diseases, Arch. Dermatol. 113, 1229–1232 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J. H. Epstein, The effects of beta-carotene on ultraviolet induced cancer formation in the hairless mouse skin, Photochem. Photobiol. 25, 211–213 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. M. M. Mathews-Roth and N. I. Krinsky, Carotenoid dose level and protection against UV-B induced skin tumors, Photochem. Photobiol. 42, 35–38 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. C. T. Jensen, Oral Carotinoid treatment in polymorphous light eruption: A cross-over comparison with oxychloroquine and placebo, Photodermatol. 2, 166–169 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. D. Imbraie, F. Daniels, L. Bergeron, C. E. Hopkins, and T. B. Fitzpatrick, Increased erythema threshold 6 weeks after a single exposure to sunlight plus oral methoxsalen, J. Invest. Dermatol. 32, 331–337 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. R. S. Stern, N. Laird, J. Melski, J. A. Parrish, T. B. Fitzpatrick, and H. L. Bleich, Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients treated with PUVA, N. Engl. J. Med. 310, 1156–1161 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. M. J. Ashwood-Smith, G. A. Poulton, M. Baker, and M. Mildenberger, 5-Methoxypsoralen, an ingredient in several sunscreen preparations had lethal metagenic and clastogenic properties, Nature 285, 407–409 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. L. E. Cartwright and J. F. Walter, Psoralen containing sunscreen is tumorigenic in hairless mice, J. Invest. Dermatol. 80, 306 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  60. W. L. Morison, Photoimmunology, J. Invest. Dermatol. 77, 71–76 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. M. L. Kripke, W. L. Morrison, and J. A. Parrish, Systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity in mice by psoralen plus UVA radiation (PUVA), J. Invest. Dermatol. 81, 87–92 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. M. I. Green, M. S. Sy, M. L. Kripke, and B. Benacerraf, Impairment of antigen-presenting cell function by ultraviolet radiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 6592–6595 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  63. F. P. Noonan, M. L. Kripke, G. M. Pederson, and M. I. Green, Suppression of contact hypersensitivity in mice by ultraviolet radiation is associated with defective antigen presentation, Immunology 43, 527–533 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. W. Aberer, G. Shuler, G. Stingl, H. Honigsman, and K. Wolff, Ultraviolet light depletes surface markers of Langerhans cells, J. Invest. Dermatol. 76, 202–210 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. G. A. Elmets and P. R. Bergstresser, Ultraviolet radiation effects on immune processes, Photochem. Photobiol. 36, 715–719 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. K. Danno, K. Toda, and T. Horio, The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen plus long-wave ultraviolet (PUVA) radiation on mast cells: PUVA suppresses degranulation of mouse skin mast cells induced by compound 48/80 on concanavalin A, J. Invest. Dermatol. 85, 110–114 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. D. J. Cripps, S. Horowitz, and R. Hong, Spectrum of ultraviolet radiation on human B and T lymphocyte viability, Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 3, 43–50 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. S. Lerman, Human UV radiation cataracts, Ophthalmic Res. 12, 303–314 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. E. A. Balazs, T. C. Laurent, A. F. Howe, and L. Varga, Irradiation of mucopolysaccharides with ultraviolet light and electrons, Radiation Res. 11, 149–164 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. Lerman, K. Gardiner, J. Megew, and R. Borkman, The prevention of direct and photosensitized UV radiation damage to the occular lens, Ophthalmic Res. 13, 284–292 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Epstein, J.H. (1989). Photomedicine. In: Smith, K.C. (eds) The Science of Photobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8061-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8061-4_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-43059-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8061-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics