Abstract
From the original discovery by Hungerford et al (1959) that extract of kidney bean Phasiolus vulgaris caused altered morphology and mitosis in lymphocytes has grown a considerable field of study on the early biochemical events of lymphocyte transformation by plant lectin mitogens. In 1971, the first textbook in the field emerged (Ling, 1971) and was followed in 1975 by a second (Ling and Kay, 1975). Throughout this period, numerous workshops and symposia, including the International Congresses of Immunology (see Progresses in Immunology II-VI), Leukocyte Culture Conferences, and a Cold Spring Harbor Conference on Cell Proliferation (Clarkson and Baserga, 1974), have chronicled the evolution of this field. The list of mitogens has grown from the original phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to include concanavalin A (Con A), and several other plant lectins, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore (A23187), and sodium periodate. The relative selectivity of the actions of these mitogens on thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes has been demonstrated and the general biochemical parameters have been well documented. Central to the study of T- lymphocyte activation by mitogens has been the quest to attach causal significance to early changes and to establish a mitogen signal sequence leading to cellular replication. In some senses this quest has recreated the parable of the blind men and the elephant and to this day there exist schools of adherents to one causal notion or another.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abraham, R. T., Steffan, N., and McKean, D. J., 1986, Signal requirements for the activation of an interleukin-1 responsive T cell lymphoma. Sixth International Congress of Immunology, Toronto Canada, p. 230 (abst.).
Abrass, L, and Scarpace, P., 1982, Catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase: Reduced activity in aged human lymphocytes, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 55:1026–1028.
Ahmann, G. B., and Sage, H. J., 1974, Stimulation of guinea pig lymphocytes by lenz culinaris lectin-A, Cell. Immunol. 10:183–195.
Alford, R. H., 1970, Metal cation requirements for phytohemagglutinin-induced transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 104:698–703.
Allan, D., and Michell, R. H., 1974, Phosphatidylinositol cleavage catalyzed by the soluble fraction from lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 142:591–597.
Allan, D., and Michell, R. H., 1977, A comparison of the effects of PHA and of calcium ionophore A23187 on the metabolism of glycerolipids in small lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 164:389–397.
Allfrey, V. G., Inoue, A., Kam, J., Johnson, E. M., Good, R. A., and Hadden, J. W., 1975, Sequence-specific DNA-binding by non-histone proteins of the lymphocyte nucleus and evidence for their migration from cytoplasm to nucleus at times of gene activation, in: The Structure and Function of Chromatin, Ciba Foundation Symposium, 28:199–228.
Allwood, G., Asherson, G. L., Davey, M. J., and Goodford, P. J., 1971, The early uptake of radioactive calcium by human lymphocytes treated with phytohaemagglutinin, Immunology 21: 509–516.
Ananthakrishnan, R., Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1981, Cyclic GMP and calcium in lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin, Lymphocyte Diff. 1:183–196.
Andersson, J., Edelman, G. M., Moller, G., and Sjoberg, O., 1972, Activation of B lymphocytes by locally concentrated concanavalin A, Eur. J. Immunol. 2:233–235.
Ashman, R. F., 1984, The influence of cell interactions on early biochemical activation events in human mononuclear cells. Prog. Immunol. 5:339–359.
Atkinson, J. P., Kelly, J. P., Weiss, A., Wedner, J. H., and Parker, C. W., 1978, Enhanced intracellular cGMP concentrations and lectin-induced lymphocyte transformation, J. Immunol. 121:2282–2291.
Atluru, D., Lianos, E. A., and Goodwin, J. S., 1986, Arachidonic acid inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in human T cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 135:670–676.
Aubry, J., Zachowski, A., Paraf, A., and Colombani, J., 1979, Modulation of membrane-bound enzyme activity by binding of antibodies to major histocompatability complex antigens, Ann. Immunol. 130C:17–27.
Averdunk, R., 1972, Uber die wirking von phytohemagglutinin und antilymphozytenserum auf den kalium-, glucose- und aminosaure-transport bei menschlichen lymphozyten, Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. 353:79–87.
Averdunk, R., and Lauf, P. K., 1975, Effects of mitogens on sodium-potassium transport, 3H- ouabain binding and adenosine triphosphatase activity in lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 93:331–342.
Averdunk, A., and Gunther, T., 1980, Effect of concanavalin A on Ca2+ binding, Ca2+ uptake and the Ca2+ ATPase of lymphocyte plasma membranes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 97: 1146–1153.
Averdunk, R., Mueller, J., and Wenzel, B., 1976, Studies on the mechanism of activation of lymphocyte membrane ATPase by concanavalin A, J. Clin. Chem. and Clin. Biochem. 14:339–344.
Avemer, M. J., Brock, M. L., and Jost, J. P., 1972, Stimulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis in horse lymphocytes by exogenous cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 413–417.
Bachvaroff, R. J., Miller, F., and Rapoport, F. T., 1984, The role of calmodulin in the regulation of human lymphocyte activation. Cell Immunol. 85:135–153.
Bailey, J. M., Bryant, R. W., Low, C.-E., Pupillo, M. B., and Vanderhoek, J. Y., 1982a, Regulation of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis by the leukocyte product 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), Cell. Immunol. 67:112–120.
Bailey, J. M., Bryant, R. W., Low, E. C., Pupillo, M. B., and Vanderhoek, J. Y., 1982b, Role of lipoxygenases in regulation of PHA and phorbol ester-induced mitogenesis. Adv. Prostaglandins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes Res. 9:341–353.
Bailey, J. M., Coffey, R., Merrit, W. D., and Hadden, J. W., 1986, Role of licosanoids in lymphocyte activation: A review, in: Advances in Immunopharmacology. Vol. 3 (L. Chedid, J. W. Hadden, F. Spreafice, P. Dukor, and D. Willoughby, eds.), pp. 177–188, Pergamon, Oxford.
Baran, D. T., Lichtman, M. A., and Peck, W. A., 1972, Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in human leukemic lymphocytes: In vitro characteristics and inhibition by Cortisol and cycloheximide, J. Clin. Invest. 51:2181–2189.
Bard, E., Colwill, R., L’Anglais, R., and Kaplan, J. G., 1978, Response of human lymphocytes to mitogen: At what stage is there a requirement for Ca2+, Can. J. Biochem. 56:900–904.
Bamett, R. E., Scott, R. E., Furcht, L. T., and Kersey, J. H., 1974, Evidence that mitogenic lectins induce changes in lymphocyte membrane fluidity. Nature (Lond.) 249:465–466.
Beckner, S. K., and Farrar, W. L., 1985, Generation of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and stimulation of proliferation by interleukin 2 (IL-2) are both modulated by cAMP; regulation of growth factor mediated differentiation and proliferation by common mechanism. Fed. Proc. 44: 1792.
Beckner, S. K., and Farrar, W. L., 1986, Interleukin 2 modulation of adenylate Cyclase, J. Biol. Chem. 261:3043–3047.
Belmont, J. W., and Rich, R. R., 1981, Role of calcium and magnesium and of cytochalasin- sensitive processes in lectin-stimulated lymphocyte activation. Cell. Immunol. 59:276–288.
Ben-Bassat, H., Poliak, A., Rosenbaum, S., Naparstek, E., Shouval, D., and Inbar, M., 1977, Fluidity of membrane lipids and lateral mobility of concanavalin A receptors in the cell surface of normal lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with malignant lymphomas and leuke- mias. Cancer Res. 37:1307–1312.
Berger, N. A., and Skinner, A. M., 1974, Characterization of lymphocyte transformation induced by zinc ions, J. Cell Biol. 61:45–55.
Bernard, D. P., Carboni, J. M., and Waksman, B. H., 1975, Regulation of lymphocyte responses in vitro. VI. Potentiation of the response to phytohemagglutinin by cytochalasin B, Ann. Immunol. 126:107–120.
Berridge, M. J., 1975, The interaction of cyclic nucleotides and calcium in the control of cellular activity. Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 6:1–98.
Berridge, M. J., 1984, Inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers, Biochem. J. 220:345–360.
Best, K., Sever, A., Mathias, P. C. F., and Malaisse, W. J., 1984, Inhibition by mepacrine and p- bromophenacyl bromide of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, glucose oxidation, calcium uptake and insulin release in rat pancreatic islets, Biochem. Pharmacol. 33:2657–2662.
Besterman, J. M., May, W. S., Levine, H., Cragoe, E. J., and Cuatrecases, P., 1985, Amiloride inhibits phorbol ester-stimulated Na+/H+ exchange and protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 1155–1159.
Betel, I., and Martijnse, J., 1976, Drugs that disrupt microtubuli do not inhibit lymphocyte activation, Nature (Lond.) 261:318–319.
Betel, I., and Van den Berg, K. J., 1972, Interaction of concanavalin A with rat lymphocytes, Eur. J. Biochem. 30:571–578.
Betel, I., and Van den Berg, K. J., 1975, The relationship between “early events” and DNA synthesis in mitogen stimulated lymphocytes, in: Immune Recognition, Proceedings of the Ninth Leukocyte Culture Conference (A. S. Rosenthal, ed.), pp. 505–509, Academic, New York.
Betel, I., Martijnse, J., and Van den Berg, K. J., 1974, Absence of an early increase of phos- pholipid-phosphate turnover in mitogen stimulated B lymphocytes, Cell. Immunol. 14:429–434.
Billah, M. M., Lapetina, E. G., and Cautrecasas, P., 1981, Activity specific for phosphatidic acid. A possible mechanism for the production of arachidonic acid in platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 256: 5399–5403.
Birch, R. E., and Polmar, S. H., 1982, Pharmacological modification of immunoregulatory T lymphocytes. I. Effect of adenosine. H1 and H2 histamine agonists upon T lymphocyte regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 48:218–230.
Birx, D. L., Berger, M., and Fleisher, T. A., 1984, The interference of T cell activation by calcium channel blocking agents, J. Immunol. 133:2904–2909.
Blitstein-Willinger, E., and Diamantstein, T., 1978, Inhibition by isoptin (a calcium antagonist) of the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes prior to the S-phase, Immunology 34:303–308.
Bloom, F. E., Wedner, H., and Parker, C. W., 1973, The use of antibodies to study cell structure and metabolism, Pharmacol Rev. 25:343–358.
Borghetti, A. F., Kay, J. E., and Wheeler, K. P., 1979, Enhanced transport of natural amino acids after activation of pig lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 182:27–32.
Bougnoux, P., Bonvini, E., Chang, Z. L., and Hoffman, T., 1983, Effect of interferon on phospholipid methylation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, J. Cell. Biochem. 20:215–224.
Bourguignon, L. Y. W., and Hsing, Y-C., 1983, The participation of adenylate cyclase in lymphocyte capping, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 728:186–190.
Boyett, J. D., and Hofert, J. F., 1972, Stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose metabolism of thymus lymphocytes, Horm. Metab. Res. 4:163–167.
Bray, M. A., Powell, R. G., and Lydyard, P. M., 1981, Prostaglandin generation by separated human blood mononuclear cell fractions, Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 3:377–381.
Bretscher, M. S., and Raff, M. C., 1975, Mammalian plasma membranes. Nature (Lond.) 258:43–49.
Brewer, C. F., Marcus, D. N., Grollman, A. P., 1974, Interactions of saccharides with concanavalin A, J. Biol. Chem. 249:4614–4616.
Brock, J. H., 1981, The effect of iron and transferrin on the response of serum-free cultures of mouse lymphocytes to concanavalin A and LPS, Immunology 43:387–392.
Brock, J. H., and Mainou-Fowler, T., 1983. The role of iron and transferrin in lymphocyte transformation, Immunol. Today 4:347–351.
Brock, J. H., and Rankin, C., 1981, Transferrin binding and iron uptake by mouse lymph node cells during transformation in response to concanavalin A, Immunology 43:393–398.
Buckley, A. R., Montgomery, D. W., Kibler, R., Putnam, C. W., Zukoski, C. F., Gout, P. W., Beer, C. T., and Russell, D. H., 1986, Prolactin stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase and mitogenesis in Nb2 node lymphoma cells: The role of protein kinase C and calcium mobilization. Immunopharmacology 12:37–51.
Burgess, G. M., Godfrey, P. P., McKinney, J. S., Berridge, M. J., Irvine, R. F., and Putney, J. W., Jr., 1984, The second messenger linking receptor activation to internal Ca release in liver, Nature (Lond.) 309:63–65.
Burgoyne, L. A., Wagar, M. A., and Atkinson, M. R., 1970, Initiation of DNA synthesis in rat thymus: Correlation of calcium-dependent initiation in thymocytes and in isolated thymus nuclei, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 39:918–922.
Burleson, D. G., and Sage, H. J., 1976, Effect of lectins on the levels of cAMP and cGMP in guinea pig lymphocytes: Early responses of lymph node cells to mitogenic and non-mitogenic lectins, J. Immunol 116:696–703.
Butman, B. T., Jacobsen, T., Cabatu, O. G., and Bourguignon, L. Y. W., 1981, The involvement of cAMP in lymphocyte capping, Cell. Immunol. 61:397–403.
Byus, C. v., Klimpel, G. R., Lucas, D. O., and Russell, D. H., 1977, Type I and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as opposite effectors of lymphocyte mitogenesis. Nature (Lond.) 268:63–64.
Byus, C. v., Klimpel, G. R., Lucas, D. O., and Russell, D. H., 1978, Ornithine decarboxylase induction in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes is related to the specific activation of type I adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, Mol. Pharmacol. 14:431–441.
Cantrell, D. A., Davies, A. A., and Crumpton, M. J., 1985, Activators of protein kinase C down- regulate and phosphorylate the T3/T-cell antigen receptor complex of human T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:8158–8162.
Carpentieri, U., Brouhard, B. H., LaGrone, L., and Lockhart, L. H., 1980a, Observations on prostaglandins in normal and leukemic human lymphocytes, Prostaglandins 20:1117–1129.
Carpentieri, U., Minguell, J. J., and Haggard, M. E., 1980b, Variation of activity of protein kinase in unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal and leukemic human lymphocytes, Cancer Res. 40:2714–2718.
Carpentieri, U., Monahan, T. M., and Gustavson, L. P., 1980c, Observations on the level of cyclic nucleotides in three populations of human lymphocytes in culture, J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 6: 253–259.
Carpentieri, U., Minguell, J. J., and Gardner, F. H., 1981, Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activity in normal and leukemic human lymphocytes, Blood 57:975–978.
Casnellie, J. E., and Lamberts, R. J., 1986, Tumor promoters cause changes in the state of phosphorylation and apparent molecular weight of a tyrosine protein kinase in T lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 261:4921–4925.
Castagna, M., Takai, Y., Kaibuchi, K., Sano, K., Kikkawa, U., and Nishizuka, Y., 1982, Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters, J. Biol. Chem. 257:7847–7851.
Chambers, D. A., Martin, D. W., Jr., and Weinstein, Y., 1974, The effect of cyclic nucleotides on purine biosynthesis and the induction of PRPP synthetase during lymphocyte activation. Cell 3: 375–380.
Chandy, K. G., DeCoursey, T. E., Cahalan, M. D., McLaugulin, C., and Gupta, S., 1984, Voltage- gated potassium channels are required for human T lymphocyte activation, J. Exp. Med. 160: 369–385.
Chaplin, D. D., Wedner, H. J., and Parker, C. W., 1980, Protein phosphorylation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Mitogen-induced increases in protein phosphorylation in intact lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 124:2390–2398.
Chauwla, R. K., Shlaer, M., Laurson, D. H., Murray, T., Schmidt, F., Shoji, M., Nixon, D., Richmond, A., Rudman, D., 1980, Elevated plasma and urinary guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate and increased production rate in patients with neoplastic disease. Cancer Res. 40:3915–3920.
Chen, S-H. S., 1979, Relationship between phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and cellular commitment in concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 121:283–290.
Chesters, J. K., 1975, Comparison of the effects of zinc deprivation and actinomycin D on ribonucleic acid synthesis by stimulated lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 150:211–218.
Cheung, R. K., Grinstein, S., Gelfand, E. W., 1983, Permissive role of calcium in the inhibition of T cell mitogenesis by calmodulin antagonists, J. Immunol 131:2291–2294.
Chien, M. M., and Ashman, R. P., 1983, Phospholipid synthesis by activated human B lymphocytes, J. Immunol 130:2568–2573.
Chisari, F. V., and Curtis, L. K., 1981, Modulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels of human very low density lipoprotein. Cell Immunol 65: 325–336.
Claflin, A., Vesely, D., Hudson, J., Bagwell, C., Lekotay, D., Lo, T., Fletcher, M., Block, N., and Levey, G., 1977, Inhibition of growth and guanylate cyclase activity of an undifferentiated prostate adenocarcinoma by an extract of the balsam pear (Momordica charantia abbreviata), Proc. Natl Acad. Scl USA 75:989–993.
Clarkson, B., and Baserga, R., 1974, Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells, Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 1, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
Coffey, R. G., 1977, Assays for cyclic nucleotides including clinical applications, in: Immunophar- macology (J. Hadden, R. Coffey, and F. Spreafico, eds.), pp. 389–412, Plenum, New York.
Coffey, R. G., 1986, Phosphatidylserine and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of human lymphocyte guanylate cyclase. Int. J. Biochem. 18:665–670.
Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1981a, Phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of lymphocyte guanylate cyclase, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 101:584–590.
Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1981b, Arachidonate and metabolites in mitogen activation of lymphocyte guanylate cyclase, in: Advances in Immunopharmacology (J. Hadden, L. Chedid, R. Spreafico, and P. Mullen, eds.), pp. 365–373, Pergamon, Oxford.
Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1983a, Phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of lymphocyte guanylate cyclase and cyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate phosphodiesterase and reduction of adenylate cyclase. Cancer Res. 43:150–158.
Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1983b, Calcium and guanylate cyclase in lymphocyte activation, in: Advances in Immunopharmacology. Vol. 2 (L. Chedid, J. Hadden, and A. Willoughby, eds.), pp. 87–94, Pergamon, Oxford.
Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1984, Cyclic nucleotides in neurohumoral and hormonal regulation of cells of the immune system, in: Stress, Immunity, and Aging (E. L. Cooper, ed.), pp. 225–247, Dekker, New York.
Coffey, R. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1985, Stimulation of lymphocyte guanylate cyclase by HETEs, in: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Lipoxins: Biochemistry, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Applications (J. M. Bailey, ed.), pp. 501–509, Plenum, New York.
Coffey, R. G., Hadden, E. M., and Hadden, J. W., 1975, Norepinephrine stimulation of membrane ATPase in human lymphocytes, Endocrinol Res. Commun. 12:179–198.
Coffey, R. G., Hadden, E. M., and Hadden, J. W., 1977, Evidence for cyclic GMP and calcium mediation of lymphocyte activation by mitogens, J. Immunol 119:1387–1394.
Coffey, R. G., Hadden, E. M., Lopez, C., and Hadden, J. W., 1978, Cyclic GMP and calcium in the initiation of cellular proliferation. Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 9:661–676.
Coffey, R. G., Hadden, E. M., and Hadden, J. W., 1981, Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of guanylate cyclase in human lymphocytes, J. Biol Chem. 256:4418–4424.
Cohen, S., Wong, R., Gutowski, J., and Goldfarb, R. H., 1986, The cytoplasmic protein (ADR) that triggers DNA synthesis in interleukin 2-stimulated lymphocytes appears to be a protease. Sixth International Congress of Immunology, Toronto, Canada, p. 236 (abst.).
Cooper, H. L., 1968, Ribonucleic acid metabolism in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. II. Rapidly synthesized ribonucleic acid and the production of ribosomal ribonucleic acid, J. Biol Chem. 243:34–43.
Cooper, H. L., 1972, Studies on RNA metabolism during lymphocyte activation. Transplant Rev. 11:3–38.
Cooper, H. L., 1974, Studies of poly(A)-bearing RNA in resting and growing human lymphocytes, in: Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells (B. Clarkson and R. Baserga, eds.), Vol. 4, pp. 769–800, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
Cooper, H. L., and Braverman, R., 1980, Protein synthesis in resting and growth-stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 127:351–359.
Cooper, H. L., and Braverman, R., 1981, Close correlation between initiator methionyl-tRNA level and rate of protein synthesis during human lymphocyte growth cycle, J. Biol. Chem. 256:7461–7467.
Cooper, H. L., and Lester, E. P., 1982, Nuclear activation and regulation of lymphocyte protein synthesis, in: Advances in Immunopharmacology, Vol. 2, (J. Hadden, L. Chedid, P. Dukor, and D. Willoughby, eds.), pp. 95–100, Pergamon, New York.
Cooper, H. L., and Rubin, A. D., 1965, RNA metabolism in lymphocytes stimulated by phy- tohemagglutinin: Initial response to phytohemagglutinin. Blood 25:1014–1027.
Cotner, T., Williams, J. M., Strom, T. B., and Strominger, J. L., 1982, The relationship between early T cell activation antigens and T cell proliferation, in: Advances in Immunopharmacology, Vol. 2 (J. Hadden, L. Chedid, P. Dukor, F. Spreafico, and D. Willoughby, eds.), pp. 63–68, Pergamon, Oxford.
Coulson, A. S., and Kennedy, L. A., 1971, Lymphocyte membrane enzymes. Blood 38:485–490.
Cross, M. E., and Ord, M. G., 1971, Changes in histone phosphorylation and associated early metabolic events in pig lymphocyte cultures transformed by phytohaemagglutinin or 6-N,2’-0- dibutyryladenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate, Biochem. J. 124:241–248.
Crumpton, M. J., Auger, J., Green, N. M., and Maino, V. C., 1976, Surface membrane events following activation by lectins and calcium ionophore, in: Mitogens in Immunobiology (J. J. Oppenheim and D. L. Rosenstreich, eds.), pp. 85–101, Academic, New York.
Cuthbert, J. A., and Shay, J. W., 1983, Microtubules and lymphocyte responses: Effects of colchicine and taxol on mitogen-induced human lymphocyte activation and proliferation, J. Cell. Physiol. 116:127–134.
Darzynkiewicz, A., Bolund, L., and Ringertz, N. R., 1969, Nucleoprotein changes and initiation of RNA synthesis in PHA stimulated lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 56:418–424.
Davis, L., and Lipsky, P. E., 1986, Signals involved in T cell activation, J. Immunol. 136:3588–3596.
Davis, L., Vida, R., and Lipsky, P. E., 1986, Regulation of human T lymphocyte mitogenesis by antibodies to CD3, J. Immunol. 137:3758–3767.
Dawson, A. P., and Irvine, R. F., 1984, Inositol (l,4,5)-triphosphate-promoted Ca2+ release from microsomal fractions of rat liver, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120:858–864.
DeCoursey, T. E., Chandy, K. G., Gupta, S., and Cahalan, M. D., 1984, Voltage gated K + channels in human T lymphocytes: A role in mitogenesis?, Nature (Lond.) 307:465–468.
Degen, J. L., Neubauer, M. G., Degen, S. J. F., Seyfried, C. E., and Morris, D. R., 1983, Regulation of protein synthesis in mitogen-activated bovine lymphocytes. Analysis of active- specific and total mRNA accumulation and utilization, J. Biol. Chem. 258:12153–12162.
DeLaclos, B. F., and Braquet, P., and Borgeat, P., 1984, Characteristics of leukotriene and HETE synthesis in human leukocytes in vitro. Effect of arachidonic acid concentration, Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med. 13:47–52.
Depper, J. M., Leonard, W. J., Drogula, C. L., Kronke, M., Waldmann, T. A., and Greene, W. C., 1985, J. Cell. Biochem. 27:267–276.
DeRubertis, F. R., and Zenser, T., 1976, Activation of murine lymphocytes by cyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate: Specificity and role in mitogen action, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 428:91–103.
DeRubertis, F. R., Zenser, T. V., Adler, W. H., and Hudson, T., 1974, Role of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate in lymphocyte mitogenesis, J. Immunol. 113:151–161.
Deutsch, C., and Price, M. A., 1982, Cell calcium in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the effect of mitogen, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 687:211–218.
Deutsch, C., Taylor, J. S., and Wilson, D. P., 1982, Regulation of intracellular pH by human peripheral blood lymphocytes as measured by if NMR, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:7944–7948.
Deviller, P., Cille, Y., and Betuel, H., 1975, Guanyl cyclase activity of human blood lymphocytes. Enzyme 19:300–313.
Diamantstein, T., and Odenwald, M. V., 1974, Control of the immune response in vitro by calcium ions. Immunology 27:531–541.
Diamantstein, T., and Ulmer, A., 1975a, The control of immune response in vitro by Ca2+. II. The Ca2-t--dependent period during mitogenic stimulation, Immunology 28:121–126.
Diamantstein, T., and Ulmer, A., 1975b, Effect of cyclic nucleotides on DNA synthesis in mouse lymphoid cells, Immunol. Commun. 4:51–62.
Diamantstein, T., and Ulmer, A., 1975c, Regulation of DNA synthesis by guanosine-5’-diphosphate, cyclic guanosine-3’,5’-monophosphate, and cyclic adenosine-3’,5’-monophosphate in mouse lymphoid cells, Exp. Cell. Res. 93:309–314.
Diamantstein, T., and Ulmer, A., 1975d, Stimulation by cyclic GMP of lymphocytes mediated by soluble factor released from adherent cells. Nature (Lond.) 256:418–419.
Diaz-Espada, P., and Lopez-Alarcon, L., 1982, Mitogen-induced changes in glycolytic enzymes of mouse lymphocytes: Influence of insulin on cell activation in vitro. Immunology 46:705–712.
Dinarello, C. A., Mamoy, S. O., and Rosenwasser, L. J., 1983, Role of arachidonate metabolism in the immunoregulatory function of human leukocyte pyrogen/lymphocyte-activating factor in interleukin 1, J. Immunol. 130:890–895.
Dobson, P., and Mellors, A., 1980, Inhibition of acyltransferase in lymphocytes by concanavalin A, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 629:305–316.
Domand, J., Mani, J-C., Mousseron-Canet, M., and Pau, B., 1974, Properties of a Ca2 +and Mg2 + dependent ATPase from plasmic membranes of lymphocytes. Effects of concanavalin A upon membrane ATPases, Biochimie 56:1425–1432.
Domand, J., Reminiac, C., and Mani, J-C., 1978, Studies of (Na+ + K +) sensitive ATPase activity in pig lymphocytes. Effects of concanavalin A, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 509:194–200.
Domand, J., Bonnafous, J-C., Mani, J-C., 1980, 5’-Nucleotidase-adenylate cyclase relationships in mouse thymocytes, FEBS Lett. 110:30–34.
Duncan, M. R., and Hadden, J. W., 1982, Concanavalin-induced human lymphocyte mitogenic factor: Activity distinct from interleukin 1 and 2, J. Immunol. 129:56–62.
Earp, H. S., Utsinger, P. D., Yount, W. J., Logue, M., and Steiner, A. L., 1977, Lymphocyte surface modulation and cyclic nucleotides, J. Exp. Med. 145:1087–1092.
Edelman, O. M., 1976, Surface modulation in cell recognition and cell growth. Science 194:218–226.
Edelman, G. M., Yahara, I., and Wang, J. L., 1973, Receptor mobility and receptor-cytoplasmic interactions in lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70:1442–1446.
Ellegaard, J., and Dimitrov, N. V., 1973, Ouabain-sensitive and oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activities of normal human lymphocytes, Br. J. Haematol. 25:309–320.
Epstein, P., Mills, J., Ross, C., Strada, S., Hersh, E., and Thompson, W., 1977, Increased cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity associated with proliferation and cancer in human and murine lymphoid cells. Cancer Res. 37:4016–4023.
Farago, A., Hasznos, P., Antoni, F., and Romhanji, T., 1978, Two types of cyclic GMP binding site associated with the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 538:493–504.
Farese, R. V., 1983, The phosphatidate-phosphoinositide cycle: An intracellular messenger system in the action of hormones and neurotransmitters. Metabolism 32:628–641.
Farrar, W. L., Evans, S. W., Rapp, U. R., and Cleveland, J. J., 1987, Effects of anti-proliferative cyclic AMP on interleukin 2-stimulated gene expression, J. Immunol. 139:2075–2080.
Farrar, W. L., and Anderson, W. B., 1985, Interleukin-2 stimulates association of protein kinase C with plasma membrane. Nature (Lond.) 315:233–235.
Farrar, W. L., and Humes, J. L., 1985, The role of arachidonic acid metabolism in the activities of interleukin 1 and 2, J. Immunol. 135:1153–1159.
Farrar, W. L., and Ruscetti, F. W., 1986, Association of protein kinase C activation of IL-2 receptor expression, J. Immunol. 136:1266–1273.
Farrar, W. L., Cleveland, J. L., Beckner, S. K., Bonvini, E., and Evans, S. W., 1986, Biochemical and molecular events associated with interleukin 2 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation. Immunol. Rev. 92:49–65.
Feister, A. J., and Sage, H. J., 1986, Stimulation of phosphatidylinosital turnover by concanavalin A is not sufficient to activate mouse thymocytes, Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 141:657–664.
Felber, S. M., and Brand, M. D., 1983, Early plasma-membrane potential changes during stimulation of lymphocytes by concanavalin A, Biochem. J. 210:885–891.
Ferber, E., and Resch, K., 1973, Phospholipid metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes: Activation of acyl-CoA: Lysolecithin acyl transferases in microsomal membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 296:335–349.
Ferber, R., Reilly, C. E., DePasquale, G., and Resch, K., 1974, Lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens: Increase in membrane fluidity caused by changes of fatty acid moieties of phospholipids, in: Lymphocyte Recognition and Effector Mechanisms (K. Lindahl-Kiessling and D. Osoba, eds.), pp. 529–534, Academic, New York.
Ferber, E., DePasquale, G. G., and Resch, K., 1975, Phospholipid metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes: Composition of phospholipid fatty acids, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 398:364–376.
Ferber, E., Reilly, C. E., and Resch, K., 1976, Phospholipid metabohsm of stimulated lymphocytes. Comparison of the activation of acyl-CoA: Lysolecithin acyltransferase with the binding of concanavalin A to thymocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 448:143–154.
Ferguson, R. M., Schmidtke, J. R., and Simmons, R. L., 1975, Concurrent inhibition by chlor- promazine of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte aggregation and mitogenesis. Nature (Lond.) 256:744–745.
Ferguson, R., Schmidtke, J. R., and Simmons, R. L., 1976, Inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation by local anesthetics, J. Immunol. 116:627–634.
Fillingame, R. H., and Morris, D. R., 1973, Accumulation of poly amines and its inhibition by methyl glyoxol bis-(guanylhydrazone) during lymphocyte transformation, In: Poly amines in Normal and Neoplastic Growth (D. H. Russell, ed.), pp. 249–260, Raven, New York.
Fillingame, R. H., Jorstad, C. M., and Morris, D. R., 1975, Increased cellular levels of spermidine or spermine are required for optimal DNA synthesis in lymphocytes activated by concanavalin A, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:4042–4045.
Fisher, D. B., and Mueller, G. C., 1968, An early alteration in the phospholipid metabolism of lymphocytes by PHA, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 60:1396–1402.
Fisher, D. B., and Mueller, G. C., 1969, The stepwise acceleration of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in PHA-treated lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 176:316–323.
Fisher, D. B., and Mueller, G. C., 1971a, Gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits the initiation of lymphocyte growth by phytohaemagglutinin, Biochem. Pharmacol. 20:2515–2518.
Fisher, D. B., and Mueller, G. C., 1971b, Studies on the mechanism by which phytohemagglutinin rapidly stimulates phospholipid metabolism of human lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 248:434–448.
Fleisher, T. A., and Birx, D. L., 1985, The role of calcium in IL-2 dependent proliferation. Fed. Proc. 44:1309 (abst.).
Folch, H., and Waksman, B., 1974, Regulation of lymphocyte responses in vitro. V. Suppression activity of adherent and non-adherent rat lymphoid cells. Cell. Immunol. 9:12–24.
Forsdyke, D. R., 1968, Studies of the incorporation of [5–3H]uridine during activation and transformation of lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin, Biochem. J. 107:197–205.
Fräser, A. R., Hemperly, J. J., Wang, J. L., and Edelman, G. M., 1976, Monovalent derivatives of concanavalin A, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:790–794.
Freedman, M. H., 1979, Early biochemical events in lymphocyte activation, Cell Immunol. 44:290–313.
Freedman, M. H., Raff, M. C., and Gomperts, B., 1975, Induction of increased calcium uptake in mouse T-lymphocytes by concanavalin-A and its modulation by cyclic nucleotides, Nature (Land.) 255:378–382.
Freedman, M. H., Khan, N. R., Frew-Marshall, B. J., Guppies, G. G., and Mely-Goubert, B., 1981, Early biochemical events in lymphocyte activation. Cell. Immunol. 58:134–146.
Friedman, H., and Kateley, J. R., 1974, Enhanced splenic ATPase activity in immunized mice, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 147:460–463.
Galbraith, R. M., Nel, A. E., Dirienzo, W., Ganonica, W., and Goldschmidt-Glermont, P. J., 1985, T3-mediated activation of human T cells involves translocation of Ga/phospholipid-depen- dent G-kinase, Fed. Proc. 44:1132.
Gaulton, G. N., and Eardley, D. D., 1986, Interleukin 2-dependent phosphorylation of interleukin-2 receptors and other T cell membrane proteins, J. Immunol. 136:2470–2477.
Gelfand, E. W., Gheung, R. K., and Grinstein, S., 1984, Role of membrane potential in the regulation of lectin-induced calcium uptake, J. Cell. Physiol. 121:533–539.
Gelfand, E. W., Gheung, R. K., Mills, G. B., and Grinstein, S., 1985, Mitogens trigger a calcium- independent signal for proliferation in phorbol ester-treated lymphocytes. Nature (Lond.) 315: 419–424.
Gelfand, E. W., Gheung, R. K., and Grinstein, S., 1986a, Mitogen-induced changes in Ga permeability are not mediated by voltage-gated K+ channels, J. Biol. Chem. 261:11520–11525.
Gelfand, E. W., Gheung, R. K., Grinstein, S., and Mills, G. B., 1986b, Characterization of the role for calcium influx in mitogen-induced triggering of human T cells. Identification of calcium- dependent and calcium-independent signals. Eur. J. Immunol. 16:907–912.
Gerson, D. F., and Kiefer, H., 1982, High intracellular pH accompanies mitotic activity in murine lymphocytes, in 7. Cell. Physiol. 112:1–4.
Gerson, D. F., Kiefer, H., and Eufe, W., 1982, Intracellularp Hof mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Science 216:1009–1010.
Gery, I., and Eidinger, D., 1977, Selective opposing effects of cytochalisn B and other drugs on lymphocyte responses to different doses of mitogens. Cell. Immunol. 30:147–155.
Gilmore, W., and Weiner, L. P., 1985, The role of cyclic nucleotides and guanine nucleotide binding proteins in interleukin-2 production. Fed. Proc. 44:505.
Goetzl, E. J., 1981, Selective feed-back inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid in human T-lymphocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 101:344–350.
Goldberg, N. D., Haddox, M. K., Dunham, E., Lopez, G., and Hadden, J. W., 1974, The Yin Yang hypothesis of biological control: Opposing influences of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in the regulation of cell proliferation and other biological processes, in: Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells Glarkson and R. Baserga, cds.). Cold Spring Harbor Conf Cell Prolif 1:609–626.
Goldberg, N. D., Graff, G., Haddox, M. K., Stephenson, J. H., Glass, D. B., and Moser, M. E., 1978, Redox modulation of splenic cell soluble guanylate cyclase activity: Activation by hydro- philic and hydrophobic oxidants represented by ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, fatty acid hydroperoxides and prostaglandin endoperoxides. Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 9:101–130.
Goldyne, M. E., 1984, The generation of 5-lipoxygenase-derived arachidonic acid metabolites among human lymphocytes and monocytes. Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes 84—Fourth Int. Washington Spring Symposium.
Goldyne, M. E., and Stobo, J. D., 1982, Human monocytes synthesize eicosanoids from T lymphocyte-derived arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins 24:623–630.
Goodman, M. G., and Weigle, W. O., 1983, T cell-replacing activity of G8-derivatized guanine ribonucleosides, J. Immunol. 130:2042–2044.
Goodman, M. G., Bninton, L. L., and Weigle, W. O., 1981, Modulation of lymphocyte activation, Cell. Immunol. 58:85–96.
Goodwin, J. S., 1986, Regulation of T cell activation of leukotriene B4, Immunol. Res. 5:233–248.
Goodwin, J. S., Baukhurst, A. D., and Messner, R. P., 1977, Suppression of human T-cell mitogenesis by prostaglandin. Existence of a prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell, J. Exp. Med. 146:1719–1734.
Gordon, D., Nouri, A. M. E., and Thomas, R. U., 1981, Selective inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis in human blood mononuclear cells and the effects on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 74:469–476.
Graff, G., Stephenson, J. H., Glass, D. B., Haddox, M. K., and Goldberg, N. D., 1978, Activation of soluble splenic cell guanylate cyclase by prostaglandin endoperoxides and fatty acid hydroperoxides, J. Biol. Chem. 253:7662–7676.
Greaves, M. F., and Bauminger, S., 1972, Activation of T and B lymphocytes by insoluble phy- tomitogens. Nature New Biol. 235:67–70.
Greene, W., and Parker, C. W., 1975, A role for cytochalasin-sensitive proteins in the regulation of calcium transport in activated human lymphocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 65:456–463.
Greene, W. C., Parker, C. M., and Parker, C. W., 1976a, Calcium and lymphocyte activation, Cell. Immunol. 25:74–89.
Greene, W. C., Parker, C. M., and Parker, C. W., 1976b, Opposing effects of mitogenic and nonmitogenic lectins on lymphocyte activation, J. Biol Chem. 251:4017–4025.
Greene, W. C., Parker, C. M., and Parker, C. W., 1976c, Cytochalasin sensitive structures and lymphocyte activation, Exp. Cell. Res. 103:109–118.
Greene, W. C., Parker, C. M., and Parker, C. W., 1976d, Colchicine-sensitive structures and lymphocyte activation, J. Immunol. 117:1015–1022.
Grinstein, S., Cohen, S., Lederman, H. M., and Gelfand, E. W., 1984, The intracellular pH of quiescent and proliferating human and rat thymic lymphocytes, J. Cell. Physiol. 121:87–95.
Gualde, N., Rabinovitch, H., Fredon, M., and Rigaud, M., 1982, Effects of 15-hydroperox- yeicosatetraenoic acid on human lymphocyte sheep erythrocyte rosette formation and response to concanavalin A associated with HLA system, Eur. J. Immunol. 12:773–777.
Gualde, N., Chabel-Rabinovitch, H., Motta, C., Durand, J., Beneytout, J. L., and Rigaud, M., 1983, Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids: Potent inhibitors of lymphocyte responses, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 750:429–433.
Gualde, N., Atluru, D., and Goodwin, J., 1985a, Effect of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid on proliferation of human T cells and T cell subsets, J. Immunol. 134:1125–1128.
Gualde, N., Rigaud, M., and Goodwin, J. S., 1985b, Induction of suppressor cells from peripheral blood T cells by 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE), J. Immunol. 135:3424–3429.
Gunther, G. R., Wang, J. L., Yahara, L, Cunningham, B., and Edelman, G. M., 1973, Concanavalin A derivatives with altered biological activities, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 70:1012–1016.
Gunther, G. R., Wang, J. L., and Edelman, G. M., 1976, Kinetics of colchicine inhibition of mitogenesis in individual lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 98:15–22.
Gupta, S., 1979, Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. XIL In vitro effects of agents modifying intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides on T cells with receptors for IgM (Tu), IgG (Ty), or Ig A (Ta), J. Immunol. 123:2664–2668.
Gutowski, J. K., Mukheiji, B., and Cohen, S., 1984, The role of cytoplasmic intermediates in IL-2- induced T cell growth, J. Immunol. 133:3068–3074.
Hadden, J. W., 1977, Cyclic nucleotides in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, in: Immunopharmacology (J. W. Hadden, R. G. Coffey, and F. Spreafico, eds.), pp. 1–28, Plenum, New York.
Hadden, J. W., and Coffey, R. C., 1982, Cyclic nucleotides in mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. Immunology Today 3:299–304.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., and Middleton, E., Jr., 1970, Lymphocyte blast transformation. I. Demonstration of adrenergic receptors in human peripheral lymphocytes, J. Cell. Immunol. 1: 583–595.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., and Good, R. A., 1971a, Adrenergic mechanisms in human lymphocyte metabolism, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 237:339–347.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., and Good, R. A., 1971b, Alpha adrenergic stimulation of glucose uptake in the human erythrocyte, lymphocyte, and lymphoblast, Exp. Cell. Res. 68:217–219.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., and Good, R. A., 1971c, Lymphocyte blast transformation. II. The mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic receptor effects. Im. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 40: 526–539.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., Haddox, M. K., and Goldberg, N. D., 1972, Guanosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate: A possible intracellular mediator of mitogen influences in lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:3024–3027.
Hadden, J. W., Johnson, E. M., Hadden, E. M., Coffey, R. G., and Johnson, L. D., 1975, Cyclic GMP and lymphocyte activation, in: Immune Recognition (A. Rosenthal, ed.), pp. 359–389, Academic, New York.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., Sadlik, J. R., and Coffey, R. G., 1976, Effects of concanavalin A and a succinylated derivative on lymphocyte proliferation and cyclic nucleotide levels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:1717–1721.
Hadden, J. W., Coffey, R. G., Ananthakrishnan, R., and Hadden, E. M., 1979, Part V. Role of intracellular factors in immunity: Cyclic nucleotides and calcium in lymphocyte regulation and activation, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 332:241–254.
Hadden, J. W., Hadden, E. M., and Coffey, R. G., 1987, IL-2 increases cyclic GMP levels in immature thymocytes and mitogen primed lymphocytes, Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 10:851–858.
Haddox, M. K., Furcht, L. T., Gentry, S. R., Moser, M. E., Stephenson, J. H., and Goldberg, N. D., 1976, Periodate-induced increase in cyclic GMP in mouse and guinea pig splenic cells in association with mitogenesis. Nature (Lond.) 262:146–148.
Hait, W., and Weiss, B., 1975, Increased cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in leukemic lymphocytes. Nature (Lond.) 259:321–323.
Hait, W., and Weiss, B., 1977, Characteristics of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of normal and leukemic lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 497:86–100.
Hall, D. J., O’Leary, J. J., and Rosenberg, A., 1982, Commitment and proliferation kinetics of human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro: Effects of colchicine on mitogen response, J. Cell. Physiol. 112:157–161.
Hamilton, T. A., 1982, Regulation of transferrin receptor expression in concanavalin A stimulated and gross virus transformed rat lymphoblasts, J. Cell. Physiol. 113:40–46.
Hamilton, T. A., 1983, Receptor-mediated endocytosis and exocytosis of transferrin in concanavalin A-stimulated rat lymphocytes, J. Cell. Physiol. 114:222–228.
Hamilton, L. J., and Kaplan, J. G., 1977, Flux of 86Rb in activated human lymphocytes. Can. J. Biochem. 55:774–778.
Hasegawa-Sasaki, H., and Sasaki, T., 1981, Phytomitogen-induced stimulation of synthesis do novo of Ptdlns, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol in rat and human lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 666:252–258.
Hasegawa-Sasaki, H., and Sasaki, T., 1982, Rapid breakdown of Ptdlns accompanied by accumulation of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol in rat lymphocytes, J. Biochem. 91:463–468.
Hasegawa-Sasaki, H., and Sasaki, T., 1983, Phytohemagglutinin induces rapid degradation of phosphatidyl-inositol-4,5-bis-phosphate and transient accumulation of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol in a human T-lymphoblastoid cell line, CCRF-CEM, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 754:305–314.
Hashizume, H., Yoneda, M., and Kanemoto, K., 1983, Phosphorylation of specific polypeptides in isolated murine splenocyte nuclei which is controlled by cyclic nucleotides, J. Biochem. 94: 961–966.
Hausen, P., and Stein, H., 1968, On the synthesis of RNA in lymphcKytes stimulated by phy- tohemagglutinin, Eur. J. Biochem. 4:401–406.
Hausen, P., Stein, H., and Peters, H., 1969, On the synthesis of RNA in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, Eur. J. Biochem. 9:542–549.
Hauser, H., Knippers, R., and Schäfer, K. P., 1978, Increased rate of RNA-polyadenylation, Exp. Cell. Res. 111:175–184.
Hesketh, R., 1978, Cation fluxes and lymphocyte transformation, in: The Molecular Basis of Immune Cell Function, (J. Gordin Kaplin, ed.), pp. 39–56, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
Hesketh, T. R., Smith, G. A., Housley, M. D., Warren, G. B., and Metcalf, J. C., 1977, Is an early calcium flux necessary to stimulate lymphocytes?. Nature (Lond.) 267:490–494.
Hesketh, T. R., Smith, G. A., Moore, J. P., Taylor, M. V., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1983a, Limits to the early increase in free cytoplasmic calcium concentrations during the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 212:685–690.
Hesketh, T. R., Smith, G. A., Moore, J. P., Taylor, M. V., and Melcalfe, J. C., 1983b, Free cytoplasmic calcium concentration and the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 258:4876–4882.
Hesketh, T. R., Moore, J. P., Morris, J. D. H., Taylor, M. V., Rogers, J., Smith, G. A., and Metcalfe, T. C., 1985, A conmion sequence of calcium and pH signals in the mitogenic stimulation of eukaryotic cells. Nature (Lond.) 313:481–484.
Hirata, F., and Axelrod, J., 1980, Phospholipid methylation and biological signal transmission, Science 209:1082–1090.
Hirata, F., Toyoshima, S., Axelrod, J., and Waxdal, M. J., 1980, Phospholipid methylation: A biochemical signal modulating lymphocyte mitogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:862–865.
Hirschhorn, R., Troll, W., Brittinger, G., Weissman, G., 1969, Template activity of nuclei from stimulated lymphocytes. Nature (Lond.) 222:1247–1250.
Hoffman, R., Ferguson, R., and Simmons, R. L., 1977, Effect of cytochalasin B on human lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Time and concentration dependence, J. Immunol. 118: 1472–1479.
Hoffman, T., Hirata, F., Bougnoux, P., Fräser, B. A., Goldfarb, R. H., Haberman, R. B., and Axelrod, J., 1981, Phospholipid methylation and phospholipase A2 activation in cytotoxicity by human natural killer cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:3839–3843.
Holta, E., Korpela, H., and Hovi, T., 1981, Several inhibitors of ornithine and adenosylmethionine decarboxylases may also have antiproliferative effects unrelated to poly amine depletion, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 677:90–102.
Hokin, M. R., and Hokin, L. E., 1953, Enzyme secretion and the incorporation of P32 into phospholipids of pancreas slices, J. Biol. Chem. 203:967–977.
Homa, S. T., Conroy, D. M., and Smith, A. D., 1984, Unsaturated fatty acids stimulate the formation of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products in rat spleen lymphocytes. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med. 14:417–427.
Hovi, T., Allison, A. C., and Williams, S. C., 1976, Proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by A23187, a streptomyces antibiotic, Exp. Cell. Res. 97:92–100.
Howard, E. F., 1972, Low molecular weight nuclear RNA in human lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 82:280–286.
Huet, S., Wakasugi, H., Sterkers, G., Gilmour, J., Fursz, F., Boumsell, L., and Bernard, A., 1986, T cell activation via CD 2 [T, gp50]: The role of accessory cells in activating resting T cells via CD 2. J. Immunol. 137:1420–1428.
Hui, D. Y., and Harmony, J. A. K., 1980a, Inhibition of Ca2+ accumulation in mitogen-activated lymphocytes: Role of membrane-bound plasma lipoproteins, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 4764–4768.
Hui, D. Y., and Harmony, J. A. K., 1980b, Inhibition by low density lipoproteins of mitogen- stimulated cyclic nucleotide production by lymphocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 255:1413–1419.
Hui, D. Y., and Harmony, J. A. K., 1980c, Phosphatidylinositol turnover in mitogen-activated lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 192:91–98.
Hui, D. Y., Berebisky, G. L., and Harmony, J. A. K., 1979, Mitogen-stimulated calcium ion accumulation by lymphocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 254:4666–4673.
Hume, D. A., and Wiedemann, M. J., 1980, Intracellular second messengers in Mitogenic Lymphocyte Transformation, Res. Monog. Immunol. 2:183–225.
Hume, D. A., Hansen, K., Weidemann, M. J., and Ferber, E., 1978a, Cytochalasin B inhibits lymphocyte transformation through its effects on glucose transport, Nature (Lond.) 272:359–362.
Hume, D. A., Vijayakumar, E. K., Schweinberger, F., Russell, L. M., Weidemann, M. J., 1978b, The role of ions in the regulation of rat thymocyte pyruvate oxidation by mitogens, Biochem. J. 174:711–716.
Hume, D. A., Weidemann, M. J., and Ferber, E., 1979, Preferential inhibition by quercetin of mitogen-stimulated thymocyte glucose transport, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62:1243–1246.
Humphries, G. M. K., and Lovejoy, J. P., 1983, Cholesterol-free phospholipid domains may be the membrane feature selected by N-dansyl-1-lysine and merocyanine 540, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 111:768–774.
Hungerford, D. A., Donnelly, A. J., Nowell, P. C., and Beck, S., 1959, The chromosome constitution of a human phenotype intersex. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 11:215–236.
Imboden, J. B., and Stobo, J. D., 1985, Transmembrane signalling by the T cell antigen receptor, J. Exp. Med. 161:446–456.
Imboden, J., Weiss, A., and Stobo, J., 1985, The antigen receptor on a human T cell line initiates activation by increasing cytoplasmic free calcium, J. Immunol. 134:663–665.
Inbar, M., and Shinitzky, M., 1974a, Increase of cholesterol level in the surface membrane of lymphoma cells and its inhibitory effect on ascites tumor development, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:2128–2130.
Inbar, M., and Shinitzky, M., 1974b, Cholesterol as bioregulator in the developmental inhibition of leukemia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:4229–4231.
Inbar, M., and Shinitzky, M., 1975, Decrease in microviscosity in lymphocyte surface membrane associated with stimulation induced by concanavalin A, Eur. J. Immunol. 5:166–170.
Isakov, N., Bleackley, R. C., Shaw, J., and Altman, A., 1985, The tumor promoter teleocidin induces IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2-independent proliferation of human peripheral blood T cells, J. Immunol. 135:2343–2350.
Ishizaka, T., Hirata, F., Ishizaka, K., and Axelrod, J., 1980, Stimulation of phospholipid methyla- tion, Ca2+ influx, and histamine release by bridging of IgE receptors on rat mast cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1903–1906.
Jagus, R., and Kay, J., 1979, Distribution of lymphocyte messenger RNA during stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin, Eur. J. Biochem. 100:503–510.
Jazwinski, S. M., Wang, J. L., and Edelman, G. M., 1976, Initiation of replication in chromosomal DNA induced by extracts from proliferating cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:2231–2235.
Jensen, P., and Rasmussen, H., 1977, The effect of A23187 upon calcium metabolism in the human lymphocyte, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 468:146–156.
Jegasothy, B. V., Pachner, A. R., Waksman, B. H., 1976, Cytokine inhibition of DNA synthesis: Effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate in lymphocytes, Science 193:1260–1262.
Jegasothy, B. V., Namba, Y., and Waksman, B. H., 1978, Regulatory substances produced by lymphocytes. VII. IDS (inhibitor of DNA synthesis) inhibits stimulated lymphocyte proliferation by activation of membrane adenylate cyclase at a restriction point in late G, Immunochemistry 15:551–555.
Johnson, E. M., 1977, Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and its nuclear substrate proteins, in:
Advances in Cyclic Nucleotides Research, Vol. 8 (P. Greengard, and G. A. Robison, eds.), pp. 267–309, Raven, New York.
Johnson, E. M., and Hadden, J. W., 1975, Phosphorylation of lymphocyte nuclear acidic proteins: Regulation by cyclic nucleotides, Science 1807:1198–1200.
Johnson, E. M., Kam, J., and Allfrey, V. G., 1974, Early nuclear events in the induction of lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens, J. Biol Chem. 249:4990–4999.
Johnson, E. M., Hadden, J. W., Inoue, A., Allfrey, V. G., 1975a, DNA binding by cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate dependent protein kinase from calf thymus nuclei, Biochemistry, 14: 3873–3884.
Johnson, E. M., Inoue, A., Grouse, L. J., Allfrey, V. G., and Hadden, J. W., 1975b, Effects of cyclic GMP upon DNA binding by a calf thymus nuclear protein fraction, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 65:714–721.
Johnson, H. M., Archer, D. L., and Torres, B. A., 1982, Cyclic GMP as the second messenger on helper cell requirement for gamma-interferon production, J. Immunol. 129:2570–2572.
Johnson, H. M., Vallaso, T., and Torres, B. A., 1985, Interleukin 2-mediated events in γ-interferon production are calcium dependent at more than one site, J. Immunol. 134:967–970.
Johnson, L. D., and Hadden, J. W., 1975, Cyclic GMP and lymphocyte proliferation: Effects on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II activities, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66: 1498–1505.
Johnson, L. D., and Hadden, J. W., 1977, Modification of human DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by cyclic GMP, Nucleic Acids Res. 4:4007–4014.
Joseph, S. K., Thomas, A. P., Williams, R. J., Irvine, R. F., and Williamson, J. R., 1984, Myoinositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, a second messenger for the hormonal mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in liver, J. Biol. Chem. 259:3077–3081.
June, C. H., Ledbetter, J. A., Rabinovitch, P. S., Beatty, P. G., Martin, P. J., and Hansen, J. H., 1986, in: Sixth International Congress of Immunology, Toronto, Canada, p. 232 (abst.).
Kaibuchi, K., Takai, Y., Ogawa, Y., Kimura, S., Nishizuka, Y., Nakamura, T., Tonomura, A., and Ichihara, A., 1982, Inhibitory action of adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate on phos- phatidylinositol turnover, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 104:105–112.
Kaibuchi, K., Takai, Y., and Nishizuka, Y., 1985, Protein kinase C and calcium ion in mitogenic response of macrophage-depleted human peripheral lymphocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 260:1366–1369.
Kaiser, N., and Edelman, I. S., 1978, Calcium dependence of ionophore A23187-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity, Cancer Res. 38:3599–3603.
Kaplan, J. G., and Owens, T., 1980, Activation of lymphocytes of man and mouse: Monovalent cation fluxes, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 339:191–200.
Kaplan, J. G., and Owens, T., 1982, The cation pump as a switch mechanism controlling proliferation and differentiation in lymphocytes, Biosci. Rep. 2:577–581.
Katagiri, T., Terao, T., and Osawa, T., 1976, Activation of mouse splenic lymphocyte guanylate cyclase by calcium ion, J. Biochem. 79:849–852.
Kato, K., Koshihara, Y., and Murota, S., 1986, Contribution of lipoxygenase metabolites to IL-2 production in the early phase of lymphocyte activation, Prosta, Leuk. Med. 22:301–311.
Katz, S. P., Kierszenbaum, F., and Waksman, B. H., 1978, Mechanisms of action of “lymphocyte- activating factor” (LAF), J. Immunol. 121:2386–2391.
Kay, J. E., 1968, Early effects of phytohemagglutinin on lymphocyte RNA synthesis, Eur. J. Biochem. 4:225–232.
Kay, J. E., 1971, Interaction of lymphocytes and phytohaemagglutinin: Inhibition by chelating agents, Exp. Cell. Res. 68:11–16.
Kay, J. E., 1972, Lymphocyte stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin: Role of the early stimulation of potassium uptake, Exp. Cell. Res. 71:245–247.
Kay, J. E., and Cooke, A., 1971, Ornithine decarboxylase and ribosomal RNA synthesis during the stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin, FEBS. Lett. 16:9–12.
Kay, J. E., and Handmaker, S. D., 1970, Uridine incorporation and RNA in normal and phy- tohaemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 186:62–84.
Kay, J. E., Leventhal, B.C., and Cooper, H. L., 1969, Effects of inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis on the stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin, Exp. Cell. Res. 54:94–100.
Kecskemethy, N., and Schäfer, K. P., 1982, Lectin induced changes among polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated mRNA in lymphocytes, Eur. J. Biochem. 126:573–582.
Kelly, J. P., and Parker, C. W., 1979, Effects of arachidonic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids on mitogenesis in human lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 122:1556–1562.
Kelly, J. P., Johnson, M. C., and Parker, C. W., 1979, Effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on mitogenesis in human lymphocytes: Possible role of thromboxanes and products of the lipoxygenase pathway, J. Immunol. 122:1563–1571.
Kemp, R. G., Hsu, P-Y., and Duquesnoy, R. J., 1975, Changes in lymphoid cyclic adenosine 3’:5’- monophosphate metabolism during murine leukemogenesis. Cancer Res. 35:2440–2445.
Kennes, B., Hubert, C. L., Brohee, D., and Neve, P., 1981, Early biochemical events associated with lymphocyte activation in aging. Immunology 42:119–126.
Kiefer, M., Blume, A. J., and Kaback, H. R., 1980, Membrane potential changes during mitogenic stimulation of mouse spleen lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2200–2204.
Kimoto, H., Nakao, Y., Kobayashi, N., Baba, Y., Sobue, K., Kabuichi, S., and Fujita, T., 1983, Heterogeneous pathways of Ca2+ metabolism in the triggering of the proliferative process in rat thymocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 762:25–30.
Kleinsmith, L., Allfrey, V., and Mirsky, A., 1966, Phosphorylation of nuclear protein early in the course of gene activation in lymphocytes. Science 154:780–781.
Klimpel, G. R., Byers, C. V., Russell, D. H., and Lucas, D. O., 1979, Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation and the induction of ornithine decarboxylase during lymphocyte mitogenesis, J. Immunol. 123:817–824.
Knutson, J. C., and Morris, D. R., 1978, Cellular polyamine depletion reduces DNA synthesis in isolated lymphocyte nuclei, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 520:291–301.
Koizumi, K., Kano-Tanaka, K., Shimizu, S., Nishida, K., Yamanaka, N., and Ota, K., 1980, Lipids of plasma membranes from rat thymic lymphoid cell: Deficiency of sphingomyelin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 619:344–352.
Krall, J. F., Connelly, M., Tuck, M. L., 1981, Evidence for reversibility of age-related decrease in human lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99:1028–1034.
Krall, J. F., Connelly-Fittingoff, M., and Tuck, M. L., 1983, Lymphocyte adenylate cyclase and human aging, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 173:475–480.
Kranias, E. G., Schweppe, J. S., and Jungmann, R. A., 1977, Phosphorylative and functional modifications of nucleoplasmic RNA polymerase II by homologous adenosine 3’:5’-monophos- phate-dependent protein kinase from calf thymus and by heterologous phosphate, J. Biol. Chem. 252:6750–6758.
Krishnaraj, R., and Talwar, G. P., 1973, Role of cyclic AMP in mitogen induced transformation of human peripheral leukocytes, J. Immunol. 111:1010–1017.
Kroczek, R. A., Gunter, K. C., Seligmann, B., and Shevach, E. M., 1986, Induction of T cell activation by monoclonal anti-thy-1 antibodies, J. Immunol. 136:4379–4384.
Kronke, M., Leonard, W. J., Depper, J. M., and Greene, W. C., 1985, Sequential expression of genes involved in human T lymphocyte growth and differentiation, J. Exp. Med. 161:1593–1598.
Ku, Y., Kishimoto, A., Takai, Y., Ogawa, Y., Kimura, S., and Nishizuka, Y., 1981, A new possible regulatory system for protein phosphorylation in human peripheral lymphocytes. IL Possible relation to phosphatidylinositol turnover induced by mitogens, J. Immunol. 127:1375–1379.
Kuo, J. F., Schatzman, R. C., Turner, R. S., and Mazzei, G. J., 1984, Phospholipid sensitive Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase: A major protein phosphorylation system, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 35: 65–73.
Kyger, E. M., and Franson, R. C., 1984, Nonspecific inhibition of enzymes by p-bro- mophenacylbromide. Inhibition of human platelet phospholipase C and modification of sulfhy- dryl groups, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 794:96–103.
Landry, Y., Vincent-Viry, M., and Jodin, C., 1978, Energy requirement for calcium uptake by thymus lymphocytes, FEBS Lett. 88:305–308.
Lands, W., 1984, Biological consequences of fatty acid oxygenase reaction mechanisms. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med. 13:35–46.
Lapetina, E. G., 1982, Regulation of arachidonic acid production: Role of phospholipase C and A2, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 3:115–118.
Largen, M. T., and Votta, B., 1983, Immunocytochemical evidence for 3’,5’-cGMP and 3’,5’- cGMP-dependent protein kinase involvement in lymphocyte proliferation, J. Cyclic Nucleotide Prot. Phosphor. Res. 9:231–244.
Larrick, J. W., and Creswell, P., 1979, Modulation of cell surface iron transferrin receptors by cellular density and state of activation, J. Supramol. Struct. 11:579–586.
Ledbetter, J. A., June, C. H., Martin, P. J., Spooner, C. E., Hansen, J. A., and Meier, K. E., 1986a, Valency of CD3 binding and internalization of the CD3 cell-surface complex control T cell responses to second signals: Distinction between effects on protein kinase C, cytoplasmic free calcium, and proliferation, J. Immunol. 136:3945–3952.
Ledbetter, J. A., Parsons, M., Martin, P. J., Hansen, J. A., Rabinovitch, P. S., and June, C. H., 1986b, Antibody binding to CD5 (Tp67) and Tp44 T cell surface molecules: Effects on cyclic nucleotides, cytoplasmic free calcium, and cAMP mediated suppression, J. Immunol. 137: 3299–3305.
LeGrue, S. J., 1987, Interfeukin-2 stimulus-response coupling is calcium independent. Lymph. Res. 6:1–11.
Leu, R. W., Eddleston, A. W., Good, R. W., and Hadden, J. W., 1973, Paradoxical effects of ouabain on the migration of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, Exp. Cell. Res. 76:458–461.
Levy, R., Levy, S., Rosenberg, S. A., and Simpson, R. T., 1973, Selective stimulation of nonhistone chromatin protein synthesis in lymphoid cells by phytohemagglutinin. Biochemistry 12: 224–228.
Liangxu, W., Shipeng, H., Sunxi, Z., Yunqin, G., Zhongmin, L., and Chenjiang, L., 1981, Peripheral leukemic cell cAMP level changes in acute leukemic and clinical observations, Chinese Med. J. 94:47–50.
Lichtman, M. A., and Weed, R. I., 1969, Monovalent cation content and adenosine triphosphatase activity of human normal and leukemic granulocytes and lymphocytes: Relation to cell volume and morphologic age, Blood 34:645–660.
Lichtman, A., Segal, G. B., and Lichtman, M. A., 1979, Total and exchangeable calcium in mitogen-treated lymphocytes, in: The Molecular Basis of Immune Cell Function (J. G. Kaplan, ed.), pp. 417–419, Elsevier North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
Lichtman, A. H., Segel, G. B., and Lichtman, M. A., 1981, Calcium transport and calcium-ATPase activity in human lymphocyte plasma membrane vesicles, J. Biol. Chem. 256:6148–6154.
Lichtman, A. H., Segel, G. B., and Lichtman, M. A., 1982, Effects of trifluoperazine and mitogenic lectins on calcium ATPase activity and calcium transport by human lymphocyte plasma membrane vesicles, J. Cell. Physiol 111:213–217.
Lichtman, A. H., Segel, G. B., and Lichtman, M. A., 1983, The role of calcium in lymphocyte proliferation. Blood 61:413–422.
Liebes, L. F., Pelle, F., Zucker-Franklin, D., and Silber, R., 1981, Comparison of lipid composition and 1, 6-dephenyl-l,3,5-Lexatriene fluorescence polarization measurements of hairy cells with monocytes and lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Cancer Res. 41:4050–4056.
Lindahl-Kiessling, K., 1972, Mechanism of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) action. V. PHA compared with concanavalin A (Con A), Exp. Cell. Res. 70:17–26.
Lindahl-Kiessling, K. M., 1976, Calcium dependency of the binding and mitogenicity of phy- tohemagglutinin. Differentiation between calcium-dependent and independent events, Exp. Cell Res. 103:151–158.
Ling, N. R., 1971, Lymphocyte Stimulation, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Ling, N. R., and Kay, J. E., 1975, Lymphocyte Stimulation, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Loeb, L. A., and Agarwal, S. S., 1971, DNA polymerase, Exp. Cell. Res. 66:299–304.
Logan, J. C., and Newland, A. C., 1982, Leukocyte sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphate and leukemia, Clin. Chim. Acta 123:39–43.
Lotan, R., Lis, H., Rosenwasser, A., Novogrodsky, A., and Sharon, N., 1973, Enhancement of the biological activities of soybean agglutinin by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, Biochem. Bio- phys. Res. Commun. 55:1347–1355.
Lucas, D. O., Shohet, S. B., and Merler, E., 1971, Changes in phospholipid metabolism which occur as a consequence of mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 106:768–772.
Lucas, Z. J., 1967, Pryimidine nucleotide synthesis: Regulatory control during transformation of lymphocytes in vitro, Science 156:1237–1240.
Luckasen, J. R., White, J. G., and Kersey, J. H., 1974, Mitogenic properties of a calcium ionophore, A23187, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:5088–5090.
Lyle, L. R., and Parker, C. W., 1974, Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate responses to con- canavalin A in human lymphocytes. Evidence that the response involves specific carbohydrate receptors on the cell surface, Biochem. 13:5416–5420.
Maino, V. C., Green, N. M., and Crumpton, M. J., 1974, The role of calcium ions in initiating transformation of lymphocytes, Nature (Lond.) 251:324–327.
Maino, V. C., Green, N. M., and Crumpton, M. J., 1974, The role of calcium ions in initiating transformation of lymphocytes, Nature (Lond.) 251:324–327.
Maino, V. C., Hayman, M. J., and Crumpton, M. J., 1975, Relationship between enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol and lymphocyte activation by mitogens, Biochem. J. 146:247–252.
Makman, M. H., 1971, Properties of adenylate cyclase of lymphoid cells, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 68:885–889.
Malek, T. R., Schmidt, J. A., and Shevack, E. M., 1985, The murine IL-2 receptor, J. Immunol. 134:2405–2412.
Manen, C-A., and Russell, D.H., 1977, Ornithine decarboxylase may function as an initiation factor for RNA polymerase I, Science 195:505–506.
Manger, B., Weiss, A., Imboden, J., Laing, T., and Stobo, J., 1987, The role of protein kinase C in transmembrane signaling by the T cell antigen receptor complex. J. Immunol. 139:2755–2760.
Masuzawa, Y., Osawa, T., Inoue, K., and Nojima, S., 1973, Effects of various mitogens on the phospholipid metabolism of human peripheral lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 326:339–344.
Matteson, D. R., and Deutsch, C., 1984, K Channels in T lymphocytes: A patch clamp study using monoclonal antibody adhesion, Nature (Lond.) 307:468–471.
May, W. S., Jacobs, S., and Cuatrecasas, P., 1984, Association of phorbol ester-induced hyper- phosphorylation and reversible regulation of transferrin membrane receptors in HL60 cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2016–2020.
McClain, D. A., and Edelman, G. M., 1976, Analysis of the stimulation-inhibition paradox exhibited by lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 144:1494–1508.
McClain, D. A., and Edelman, G. M., 1978, Surface modulation and transmembrane control. Birth Defects 14:1–28.
McClain, D. A., D’Eustachio, P., and Edelman, G. M., 1977, Role of surface modulating assemblies in growth control of normal and transformed fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 666–670.
McPhail, L. C., Clayton, C. C., and Snyderman, R., 1984, A potential second messenger role for unsaturated fatty acids: Activation of Ca2+ dependent protein kinase. Science 224:622–625.
Mednieks, M. I., and Jungmann, R. A., 1982, Selective expression of type I and type II cyclic AMP- dependent protein kinases in subcellular fractions of concanavalin A-stimulated rat thymocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 213:127–138.
Medrano, E., Piras, R., and Mordoh, J., 1974, Effect of colchicine, vinblastine, and cytochalasin B on human lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin, Exp. Cell. Res. 86:295–300.
Mendelsohn, J., Skinner, A., and Kornfeld, S., 1971, The rapid induction by phytohemagglutinin of increased alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake by lymphocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 50:818–826.
Mendelsohn, J., Trowbridge, I., Castagnola, J., 1983, Inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by monoclonal antibody to transferrin receptor. Blood 62:821–826.
Metcalfe, J. C., Pozzan, T., Smith, G. A., and Hesketh, T. R., 1980, A calcium hypothesis for control of cell growth, Biochem. Soc. Symp. 45:1–26.
Meuer, S. C., Hussey, R. E., Cantrell, D. A., Hodgolon, J. C., Schlossman, S. F., Smith, K. A., and Reinherz, E. L., 1984, Triggering of the T3-T: Antigen-receptor complex results in clonal T-cell proliferation through an interleukin 2-dependent autocrine pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1509–1513.
Meuer, S. C., and Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K-H., 1986, T cell receptor triggering induces responsiveness to interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 but does not lead to T cell proliferation, J. Immunol. 136:4106–4112.
Mexmain, S., Gualde, N., Aldigier, J. C., Motta, C., Chable-Rabinovitch, H., and Rigaud, M., 1984, Specific binding of 15 HETE to lymphocytes. Effects on the fluidity of plasmatic membranes, Prostaglandin Leuktrienes Med. 13:93–97.
Mexmain, S., Cook, J., Aldigier, J. C., Gualde, N., and Riguad, M., 1985, Thymocyte cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP response to treatment with metabolites issued from the lipoxygenase pathway, J. Immunol. 135:1361–1365.
Michell, R. H., 1975, Inositol phospholipids and cell surface receptor function, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 415:81–147.
Michell, R. H., 1982, Inositol lipid metabolism in dividing and differentiating cells, Cell Calcium 3: 429–440.
Michell, R. H., Kirk, C. J., Jones, L. M., Downes, C. P., and Creba, J. A., 1981, The stimulation of inositol lipid metabolism that accompanies calcium mobilization in stimulated cells: Defined characteristics and unanswered questions, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 296:123–137.
Mikkelsen, R. B., and Schmidt-Ullrich, R., 1980, Concanavalin A induces the release of intracellular Ca2+ in intact rabbit thymocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 255:5177–5183.
Miller, J., 1979, Oncodazole (R 17934) an inhibitor of the turnover of phosphatidyl inositol in concanavalin A induced lymphocytes, Biochem. Pharmacol. 28:2967–2968.
Mills, G. B., Cheung, R. K., Grinstein, S., and Gelfand, E. W., 1985a, Increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration is an intracellular messenger for the production of interleukin 2 but not for expression of the interleukin 2 receptor. J. Immunol. 134:1640–1645.
Mills, G. B., Cheung, R. K., Grinstein, S., and Gelfand, E. W., 1985b, Interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte proliferation is independent of increases in cytosolic-free calcium concentrations, J. Immunol. 134:2431–2435.
Mills, G. B., Stewart, D. J., Mellors, A., and Gelfand, E. W., 1986a, Interleukin 2 does not induce phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in activated T cells, J. Immunol. 136:3019–3024.
Mills, G. B., Cheung, R. K., Cracol, E. J., Jr., Grinstein, S., and Gelfand, E. W., 1986b, Activation of the Na2/H+ antiport is not required for lectin-induced proliferation of human T lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 136:1150–1154.
Milner, S., 1977, Activation of mouse spleen cells by a single short pulse of mitogen. Nature (Lond.) 268:441–442.
Mire, A. R., Wickremasinghe, G., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1986, Phytohemagglutinin treatment of T lymphocytes stimulates rapid increases in activity of both particulate and cytosolic protein kinase C, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137:128–134.
Mitchell, M., Bard, E., L’Anglais, R., and Kaplan, J. G., 1978, Transport of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm following mitogenic stimulation of human lymphocytes. Can. J. Biochem. 56:659–666.
Mizoguchi, Y., Otani, S., Matsui, I., and Morisawa, S., 1975, Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity by cyclic nucleotides in the phytohemagglutinin induced lymphocyte transformation, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66:328–335.
Monahan, T. M., Marchand, N. W., Fritz, R. R., and Abell, C. W., 1975, Cyclic adenosine 3’:5’- monophosphate levels and activities of related enzymes in normal and leukemic lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 35:2540–2547.
Mookerjee, B. K., and Jung, C. Y., 1982, The effects of cytochalasins on lymphocytes: Mechanism of action of cytochalasin A on responses to phytomitogens, J. Immunol. 128:2153–2159.
Mookerjee, B. K., Ferber, E., Ernst, M., Sharon, N., and Fischer, H., 1980, Chemiluminescence and immune cell activation: General features of the thymocyte chemiluminescence responses to plant lectins, Immunol. Commun. 9:653–676.
Moore, J. P., Smith, G. A., Hesketh, T. R., and Metcalfe, J. C., 1982, Early increases in phospholipid methylation are not necessary for the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 257:8183–8189.
Moore, R. N., Oppenheim, J., Farrar, J., Carter, C. G., Waheed, J., and Shadduck, R., 1981, Production of lymphocyte-activating factor (interleukin I) by macrophages activated with colony-stimulating factors, J. Immunol. 125; 1302–1305.
Morgan, J. I., Hall, A. K., and Perris, A. D., 1975, Requirements for divalent cations by hormonal mitogens and their interactions with sex steroids, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66:188–194.
Morris, D. R., Jorstad, C. M., Seyfried, C. E., 1977, Inhibition of the synthesis of polyamines and DNA in activated lymphocytes by a combination of alpha-methylomithine and methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone). Cancer Res. 37:3169–3172.
Munck, A., 1971, Glucocorticoid inhibition of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues: Old and new evidence, molecular mechanisms, and physiological significance, Perspect. Biol. Med. 14:265–289.
Nakanishi, M., and Ulsunomiya, N., 1986, Early transmembrane events in cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation as revealed by stopped-flow fluorometry, in Sixth International Congress of Immunology, Toronto, Canada, p. 231 (abst.).
Namiuchi, S., Kumagai, S., Imura, H., Suginoshita, T., Hattori, T., and Hirata, F., 1984, Quinacrine inhibits the primary but not secondary proliferative response of human cytotoxic T cells to allogeneic non-T cell antigens, J. Immunol. 132:1456–1461.
Nathaniel, D., and Mellors, A., 1983, Mitogen effects on lipid metabolism during lymphocyte activation, Mol. Immunol. 20:1259–1266.
Neckers, L. M., and Crossman, J., 1983, Transferrin receptor induction in mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes is required for DNA synthesis and cell division and is regulated by interleukin 2, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:3494–3498.
Neely, A., Sitzmann, J. V., and Kersey, J. H., 1976, EGTA and proteinase reversal of cellular aggregation of activated lymphocytes, Nature (bond.) 264:770–771.
Negendank, W. G., and Collier, C. R., 1976, Ion contents of human lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 101:31–40.
Negendank, W., and Shaller, C., 1979, Potassium-sodium distribution in human lymphocytes: Description by the association-induction hypothesis, J. Cell. Physiol. 98:95–105.
Nel, A. E., Bouic, P., Lattanze, G. R., Stevenson, H. C., Miller, P., Dirienzo, W., Stefanini, F., and Galbraith, R. M., 1987, Reaction of T lymphocytes with anti-T3 induces translocation of C- kinase activity to the membrane and specific substrate phosphorylation, J. Immunol. 138:3519–3524.
Newman, W., Fanning, V. A., Rao, P. E., Westberg, E. F., and Patten, E., 1986, Early events in lymphocyte activation as defined by three new monoclonal antibodies, J. Immunol. 137:3702–3708.
Nishizuka, Y., 1984, The role of protein kinase C in cell surface transduction and tumor promotion, Nature (Lond.) 308:693–698.
Nordenberg, J., Stenzel, K. H., and Novogrodsky, A., 1983, 12–0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and concanavalin A enhanced glucose uptake in thymocytes by different mechanisms, J. Cell Physiol 117:183–188.
Northoff, H., Dorken, B., and Resch, K., 1978, Ligand-dependent modulation of membrane phospholipid metabolism in Con A-stimulated lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 113:189–196.
Novogrodsky, A., 1972, Concanavalin A stimulation of rat lymphocyte ATPase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 266:343–349.
Novogrodsky, A., and Katchalski, E., 1970, Effect of phytohemagglutinin and prostaglandins on cyclic AMP synthesis on rat lymphnode lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 215:291–296.
Novogrodsky, A., and Katchalski, E., 1971, Lymphocyte transformation induced by concanavalin A and its reversion by methyl-alpha-o-mannopyranoside, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 228:579–583.
Novogrodsky, A., Quittner, S., Rubin, A. L., and Stenzel, K., 1978, Transglutaminase activation in human lymphocytes: Early activation by phytomitogens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1157–1161.
Novogrodsky, A., Rubin, A., and Stenzel, K., 1979, Selective suppression by adherent cells, prostaglandin and cyclic AMP analogues of blastogenesis induced by different mitogens, J. Immunol. 122:1–7.
Novogrodsky, A., Ravid, A., Rubin, A. L., and Stenzel, K. H., 1982, Hydroxyl radical scavengers inhibit lymphocyte mitogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:1171–1174.
O’Brien, R. L., Parker, J. W., and Dixon, J. F. P., 1978, Mechanisms of lymphocyte transformation, Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. 6:201–270.
Oettgen, H. C., and Terhorst, C., 1987, The T-cell receptor-T3 complex and T-lymphocyte activation, Hum. Immunol. 18:187–204.
Oettgen, H. C., Terhorst, C., Cantley, L. C., andRosoff, P. M., 1985, Stimulation of the T3-T cell receptor complex induces a membrane-potential-sensitive calcium influx. Cell 40:583–590.
O’Flynn, K., Linch, D. C., and Tatham, P. E. R., 1984, The effect of mitogenic lectins and monoclonal antibodies on intracellular free calcium concentration in human T-lymphocytes, Biochem. J. 219:661–666.
Ogawa, Y., Takai, Y., Kawahara, Y., Kimura, S., and Nishizuka, Y., 1981, A new possible regulatory system for protein phosphorylation in human peripheral lymphocytes. I. Characterization of a calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, J. Immunol. 127: 1369–1374.
Ohara, J., and Watanabe, T., 1982, Microinjection of macromolecules into normal murine lymphocytes by cell fusion technique. I. Quantitative microinjection of antibodies into normal splenic lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 128:1090–1096.
Ohara, J., Kishimoto, T., and Yamomura, Y., 1978, In vitro immune response of human peripheral lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 121:2088–2096.
Oliver, J. M., Gelfand, E. W., Pearson, C. B., Pfeiffer, J. R., and Dosch, H-M., 1980, Microtubule assembly and concanavalin A capping in lymphocytes: Reappraisal using normal and abnormal human peripheral blood cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3499–3503.
Orme, L M., and Shand, F. L., 1981, Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase block the generation of suppressor T cells induced by concanavalin A, Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 3:15–19.
Otani, S., Matsui, L, and Morisawa, S., 1977, Suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induction of thymidine uptake in guinea pig lymphocytes by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) treatment, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 478:417–427.
Otani, S., Matsui, L, and Morisawa, S., Masutani, M., Mizoguchi, Y., and Morisawa, S., 1980, Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in guinea pig lymphocytes by the divalent cation ionophore A23187 and phytohemagglutinin, J. Biochem. 88:77–85.
Otani, S, Kuramoto, A., Matsui, I., and Morisawa, S., 1982, Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in guinea pig lymphocytes by the divalent cation ionophore A23187, Eur. J. Biochem. 125:35–40.
Otteskog, P., Wanger, L., and Sundquist, K. G., 1983, Cytochalasins distinguish by their action resting human T lymphocytes from activated T cell blast, Eur. Cell Res. 144:443–454.
Owen, M. J., Auzer, J., Barber, B. H., Edwards, A. J., Walsh, F. S., and Crumpton, M. J., 1978, Actin may be present on the lymphocyte surface, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4484–4488.
Owens, T., and Kaplan, J. G., 1980, Increased cationic fluxes in stimulated lymphocytes of the mouse: Response of enriched B- and T-cell subpopulations to B- and T-cell mitogens. Can. J. Biochem. 58:831–839.
Ozato, K., Huang, L., and Ebert, J. D., 1977, Accelerated calcium ion uptake in murine thymocytes induced by concanavalin-A, J. Cell. Physiol. 93:153–160.
Parker, C. W., 1974, Correlations between mitogenicity and stimulation of calcium uptake in human lymphocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 61:1180–1186.
Parker, C. W., 1982, Pharmacologic modulation of release of arachidonic acid from human mononuclear cells and lymphocytes by mitogenic lectins, J. Immunol. 128:393–397.
Parker, C. W., 1984, Intracellular activation in mast cells and lymphocytes. Prog. Immunol. 5:327–337.
Parker, C. W., Smith, J. W., and Steiner, A. L., 1971, Early effects of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on lymphocyte cyclic AMP levels. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 41:40–46.
Parker, C. W., Sullivan, T. J., and Wedner, H. J., 1974, Cyclic AMP and the immune response, Adv. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 4:1–80.
Parker, C. W., Kelly, J. P., Falkinhein, S. F., and Ruber, M. G., 1979a, Release of arachidonic acid from human lymphocytes in response to mitogenic lectins, J. Exp. Med. 149:1487–1503.
Parker, C. W., Stenson, W. F., Huber, M. G., and Kelly, J. P., 1979b, Formation of thromboxane B2 and hydroxy arachidonic acids in purified human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of PHA, J. Immunol. 122:1572–1577.
Patrick, J. C., Rengachary, S., and Melnykovych, G., 1975, Elevation of adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate in established mammalian cell strains by hypaque (sodium diatrizoate). In Vitro 11:404–408.
Patt, L., Barrantes, D. M., and Houck, J., 1982, Inhibition of lymphocyte DNA-synthetic responses by spermine-derived polycations, Biochem. Pharmacol. 31:2353–2360.
Payan, D. G., and Goetzl, E. J., 1981, The dependence of human T-lymphocyte migration on the 5- lipoxygenation of endogenous arachidonic acid, J. Clin. Immunol. 1:266–270.
Payan, D. G., and Goetzl, E., 1983, Specific suppression of human T lymphocyte function by leukotriene B4, J. Immunol. 131:551–553.
Payan, D. G., Missirian-Bastian, A., and Goetzl, E. J., 1984, Human T-lymphocyte subset specificity of the regulatory effects of leukotriene B4, Immunology 81:3501–3505.
Pelosi, E., Testa, U., Louache, F., Thomopoulos, P., Salvo, G., Samoggia, P., and Peschle, C., 1986, Expression of transferrin receptors in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human T-lympho- cytes, J. Immunol. 261:3036–3042.
Pena, J. M., Itarte, E., Domingo, A., and Cusso, R., 1983, Cyclic adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate- dependent and -independent protein kinases in human leukemic cells. Cancer Res. 43:1172–1175.
Peracchi, M., Maiolo, A., Lombardi, L., Catena, F., and Polli, E., 1980, Patterns of cyclic nucleotides in normal and leukaemic human leucocytes, Br. J. Cancer 41:360–371.
Peracchi, M., Lombardi, A. T., Maiolo, F., Bamonti-Catena, V., Toschi, O., Chiorboli, O., Mozzana, R., and Polli, E. E., 1983, Plasma and urine cyclic nucleotide levels in patients with acute and chronic leukemia, Blood 61:429–434.
Peracchi, M., Lombardi, L., Bareggi, B., Maiolo, A. T., Bamonti-Catena, F., Toschi, V., Cortelezzi. A., and Polli E. E., 1985, Plasma cyclic nucleotide levels in monitoring acute leukemia patients. Cancer Detect. Prev. 8:291–295.
Peters, J. H., and Hausen, P., 1971a, Effect of PHA on lymphocyte membrane transport, 1. Stimulation of uridine uptake, Eur. J. Biochem. 19:502–508.
Peters, J. H., and Hausen, P., 1971b, Effect of PHA on lymphocyte membrane transport. IL “Stimulation of facilitated diffusion” of 3-O-methyl-glucose, Eur. J. Biochem. 19:509–513.
Peterson, O. H., and Maruiyama, Y., 1984, Calcium-activated potassium channels and their role in secretion. Nature (Lond.) 307:693–696.
Phillips, C. A., Girit, E. Z., and Kay, J. E., 1978, Changes in intracellular prostaglandin content during activation of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin, FEBS Lett. 94:115–119.
Phillips, J. L., 1976, Specific binding of zinc transferrin to human lymphocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 72:634–639.
Phillips, J. L., and Azair, P., 1974, Zinc transferrin enhancement of nucleic acid synthesis in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 10:31–37.
Pike, M. C., and Snyderman, R., 1981, Requirement of transmethylation reactions for immune effector function, Lymphokines 3:432–444.
Pogo, B. G. T., 1972, Early events in lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin, J. Cell. Biol. 53:635–641.
Pogo, B. G. T., Allfrey, V. G., and Mirsky, A. E., 1966, RNA synthesis and histone acetylation during the course of gene activation in lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55:805–812.
Polgar, P., Vera, J., Kelley, P., and Rutenburg, A,. 1973, Adenylate cyclase activity in normal and leukemic human leukocytes as determined by a radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 197:378–383.
Polgar, P., Vera, J., and Rutenburg, A., 1977, An altered response to cyclic AMP stimulating hormones in intact human leukemic lymphocytes (39701), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 154: 493–495.
Pommier, G., Ripert, G., Azoulay, E., and Depieds, R., 1975, Effects of concanavalin A on membrane-bound enzymes from mouse lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 389:483–494.
Pompidou, A., Mace, B., Esnous, D., Michel, P., and Cochin, C. H. U., 1980, The nuclear refringence test: A new method for the evaluation of blood lymphocytes nuclei response in vitro to lectins and immunomodulators in man, in: International Symposium on New Trends in Human Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy (B. Serrou and C. Rosenfold, eds.), pp. 696–703, Doin Editeurs, Paris.
Pompidou, A., Rousset, S., Mace, B., Michel, P., Esnous, D., and Renard, N., 1984, Chromatin structure and nucleic acid synthesis in human lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin, Exp. Cell. Res. 150:213–225.
Pompidou, A., Michel, P., Esnous, D., Rouquet, P., and Coral, M., 1986, Early nuclear events during human T lymphocytes activation, in: Sixth International Congress of Immunology Abstracts, #43.
Purtell, M. J., and Anthony, D. D., 1975, Changes in ribosomal RNA processing paths in resting and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated guinea pig lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 3315–3319.
Quastel, M. R., and Kaplan, J. G., 1968, Inhibition by ouabain of human lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohemagglutinin in vitro. Nature (Lond.) 219:198–200.
Quastel, M. R., and Kaplan, J. G., 1970, Early stimulation of potassium uptake in lymphocytes treated with PHA, Exp. Cell. Res. 63:230–233.
Quastel, M. R., and Kaplan, J. G., 1975, Ouabain binding to intact lymphocytes: Enhancement by phytohemagglutinin and leucoagglutinin, Exp. Cell. Res. 94:351–362.
Quastel, M. R., Milthorpe, P., Kaplan, J. G., and Vogelfanger, I. J., 1974, Further studies on M- ATPase in lymphocytes and plaque-forming cells: Possible species and functional differences between lymphocyte subclasses, in: Lymphocyte Recognition and Effector Mechanisms (K. Lindahl-Kiessling and D. Osoba, eds.), pp. 493–500, Acadenüc, New York.
Rabinovitch, P. S., June, C. H., Grossman, A., and Ledbetter, J. A., 1986, Heterogeneity among T cells in intracellular free calcium responses after mitogen stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3, J. Immunol. 137:952–961.
Rasmussen, S. A., and Davis, R. P., 1977, Effect of microtubular antagonists on lymphocyte mitogenesis. Nature (Lond.) 269:249–251.
Reed, J. C., Alpers, J. D., Nowell, P. C., and Hoover, R. G., 1987, Sequential expression of proto- oncogenes during normal human lymphocyte mitogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 3982–3986.
Reeves, J. P., 1975, Calcium-dependent stimulation of 3-O-methyglucose uptake in rat thymocytes by the divalent cation ionophore A23187, J. Biol. Chem. 250:9428–9430.
Reilly, C. E., and Ferber, E., 1976, Concanavalin A induced changes of membrane-bound lysolecithin acyltransferase of thymocytes, in: Surface Membrane Receptors (R. A. Bradshaw, W. A. Frazier, R. C. Merrell, D. I. Gottlieb, and R. A. Hogue-Angeletti, eds.), pp. 199–213, Plenum, New York.
Resch, K., 1976, Membrane associated events in lymphocyte activation, in: Receptors and Recognition. 1. Series A (P. Cuatrecasas and M. F. Greaves, eds.), pp. 61–117, Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London.
Resch, K., and Ferber, E., 1972, Phospholipid metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes. Effects of phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and antiimmunoglobulin serum, Eur. J. Biochem. 27: 153–161.
Resch, K., Ferber, E., Odenthal, J., and Fischer, H., 1971, Early changes in the phospholipid metabolism of lymphocytes following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and with lysolecithin, Eur. J. Immunol. 1:162–165.
Resch, K., Gelfand, E. W., Hansen, K., and Ferber, E., 1972, Lymphocyte activation: Rapid changes in the phospholipid metabolism of plasma membranes during stimulation, Eur. J. Immunol. 2:598–601.
Resch, K., Prester, M., Ferber, E., and Gelfand, E. W., 1976, The inhibition of initial steps of lymphocyte transformation by cytochalasin B, J. Immunol. 117:1705–1710.
Resch, K., Bovillon, D., Gemsa, D., and Averdunk, R., 1977, Drugs which disrupt microtubules do not inhibit the initiation of lymphocyte activation, Nature (Lond.) 265:349–351.
Resch, K., Bovillon, D., and Gemsa, D., 1978, The activation of lymphocytes by the ionophore A23187, J. Immunol. 120:1514–1520.
Resch, K., Wood, T., Northoff, H., and Cooper, H. L., 1981, Microtubules: Are they involved in the initiation of lymphocyte activation?, Eur. J. Biochem. 115:659–664.
Resch, K., Schneider, S., and Szamel, M., 1983, Characterization of functional domains of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 733:142–153.
Resch, K., Brennecke, M., Goppelt, M., Kaever, V., Szamel, M., 1984, The role of phospholipids in the signal transmission of activated lymphocytes-T, Prog. Immunol. 5:349–360.
Rink, T. J., and Deutsch, C., 1983, Calcium-activated potassium channels in lymphocytes. Cell Calcium 4:463–474.
Riordan, J. R., Slavik, M., and Kartner, N., 1977, Nature of the lectin-induced activation of plasma membrane Mg2+ ATPase, J. Biol. Chem. 252:5449–5455.
Rittenhouse-Sinmions, S., 1980, Indomethacin-induced accumulation of diglyceride in activated human platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 255:2259–2262.
Robins, R. K., 1982, Purine nucleoside 3,5-cyclic monophosphates as hormonal modulators of cellular proliferation, metastases and lymphocyte response. Nucleosides and Nucleotides 1: 205–231.
Rochette-Egly, C., and Kempf, J., 1981, Cyclic nucleotides and calcium in human lymphocytes induced to divide, J. Physiol. Paris 77:721–725.
Rocklin, R. E., 1976, Modulation of cellular immune responses in vivo and in vitro by histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 57:1051–1058.
Rode, H. N., Szamel, M., Schneider, S., and Resch, K., 1982, Phospholipid metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes. Preferential incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into plasma membrane phospholipid upon stimulation with concanavalin A, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 688: 66–74.
Rogers, J., Hesketh, T. R., Smith, G. A., Beaven, M. A., Melcalfe, J. C., Johnson, P., and
Garland, P. B., 1983a, Intracellular pH and free calcium changes in single cells using Quin 1 and Quin 2 probes and fluorescence microscopy, FEBS Lett. 161:21–27.
Rogers, J., Hesketh, T. R., Smith, G. A., and Melcalfe, J. C., 1983b, Intracellular pH of stimulated thymocytes measured with a new fluorescent indicator, J. Biol. Chem. 258:5994–5997.
Rola-Pleszczynski, M., 1985, Differential effects of leukotriene B4 on T4+ and Tg8 + lymphocyte phenotype and immunoregulation functions, J. Immunol 135:1357–1360.
Rola-Pleszczynski, M. P., Borgeat, P., and Sirois, P., 1982, Leukotriene B4 induces human suppressor lymphocytes, Biochem, Biophys. Res. Commun. 198:1531–1536.
Roos, D., Loos, J. A., Bloom, A. J., and Schölte, B. M., 1970, Changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of mitogenically stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. I. Stimulation by phy- tohemagglutinin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 222:565–582.
Roos, D., DeRoer, J., Huismans, L., and Boom, A., 1972, Dose-response of lymphocyte carbohydrate metabolism to phytohaemagglutinin, Exp. Cell. Res. 75:185–190.
Rosenberg, S. A., and Levy, R., 1972, Communications: Synthesis of nuclear-associated proteins by lymphocytes within minutes after contact with phytohemagglutinin, J. Immunol. 108:1105–1109.
Rosenberg, E. M., Conway, J. G., Tucci, M., and Doucet, E. W., 1980, Immunohistochemical studies of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nuclear function, J. Clin. Invest. 66:832–842.
Rosenfeld, M. G., Abrass, I. B., Mendelsohn, J., Roos, B. A., Boone, R. F., and Garren, L. D., 1972, Control of transcription of RNA rich in polyadenylic acid in human lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:2306–2311.
Rudd, C. E., Rogers, K. A., Brown, D. L., and Kaplan, J. G., 1979, Microtubules, colchicine, and lymphocyte blastogenesis. Can. J. Biochem. 57:673–683.
Ruhl, H., and Kirchner, H., 1978, Monocyte-dependent stimulation of human T cells by zinc, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 32:484–488.
Russell, D. H., 1973, Poly amines in Normal and Neoplastic Growth, Raven, New York.
Salari, H., Braquet, P., and Borgeat, P., 1984, Comparative effects of indomethacin, acetylenic acids, 15-HETE, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and BW-755 on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in human leukocytes and platelets. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med. 13:53–60.
Samuelsson, B., 1982, The leukotrienes: An introduction, in: Leukotrienes and Other Lipoxygenase Products. Advances in Prostaglandin, Thromboxane, and Leukotriene Research, Vol. 9 (B. Samuelsson and R. Pauletti, eds.), pp. 1–18, Raven, New York.
Samuelsson, B., Goldyne, M., Granstrom, E., Hamberg, M., Hanmiarstrom, S., and Malmsten, C., 1978, Prostaglandins and thromboxanes, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 47:997–1029.
Sasaki, T., and Hasagewa-Sasaki, H., 1981, Effects of anchorage-modulating doses of concanavalin A, microtubule-disrupting drugs and microfilament perturbants, cytochalasins, in the phos- phatidylinositol response of rat lymph node cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 649:449–454.
Sawyer, W. H., Hammarstrom, S., Moller, G., and Goldstein, I. J., 1975, Precipitin and mitogenic behavior of dimeric and tetrameric concanavalin A, Eur. J. Immunol. 5:507–510.
Scavennec, J., Carcassonne, Y., Gastaut, J-A., Blanc, A., and Cailla, H., 1981, Relationship between the levels of cyclic cytidine 3’:5’-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3’:5’-mono- phosphate in urines and leukocytes and the type of human leukemias. Cancer Res. 41:3222–3227.
Schellenberg, R. R., and Gillespie, E., 1977, Colchicine inhibits phosphatidylinositol turnover induced in lymphocytes by concanavalin A, Nature (Lond.) 265:741–742.
Schellenberg, R. R., and Gillespie, E., 1980, Effects of colchicine, vinblastine, griseofulvin and deuterium oxide upon phospholipid metabolism in concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 619:522–532.
Scher, N. S., Quagliata, F., Malathi, V., Faig, D., Melton, R. A., and Silber, R., 1976, Cyclic adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 36:3958–3962.
Schreiner, G. P., and Unanue, E. R., 1975, The modulation of spontaneous and anti-Ig-stimulated motility of lymphocytes by cyclic nucleotides and adrenergic and cholinergic agents, J. Immunol 114:802–809.
Schunmi, D. E., and Webb, T. E., 1978, Effect of adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate and guanosine 3’:5’-monophosphate on RNA release from isolated nuclei, J. Biol. Chem. 253:8513–8517.
Schümm, D. E., Morris, H. P., and Webb, T. E., 1974, Early biochemical changes in PHA- stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal and tumor bearing rats, Eur. J. Cancer 10:107–113.
Segel, G. B., and Lichtman, M. A., 1976, Potassium transport in human blood lymphocytes treated with phytohemagglutinin, J. Clin. Invest. 58:1358–1369.
Segel, G. B., and Lichtman, M. A., 1981, Amino acid transport in human lymphocytes: Distinctions in the enhanced uptake with PHA treatment or amino acid deprivation, J. Cell. Physiol. 106: 303–308.
Segel, G. B., Hollander, M. M., Gordon, B. R., Klemperer, M. R., and Lichtman, M. A., 1975, A rapid phytohemagglutinin induced alteration in lymphocyte potassium permeability, J. Cell. Physiol. 86:327–335.
Segel, G. B., Lichtman, M. A., Hollander, M. M., Gordon, B. R., and Klemperer, M. R., 1976, Human lymphocyte potassium content during the initiation of phytohemagglutinin induced mitogenesis, J. Cell. Physiol. 88:43–48.
Segel, G. B., Simon, W., and Lichtman, M. A., 1979a, Regulation of sodium and potassium transport in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human blood lymphocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 64:834–841.
Segel, G. B., Kovach, G., and Lichtman, M. A., 1979b, Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity of human lymphocyte membrane vesicles: Kinetic parameters, substrate specificity, and effects of phytohemagglutinin, J. Cell. Physiol. 100:109–118.
Segel, G. B., Simon, W., Lichtman, A. H., and Lichtman, M. A., 1981, The activation of lymphocyte plasma membrane (Na,K)-ATPase by EGTA is explained better by zinc than by calcium chelation, J. Biol. Chem. 256:6629–6632.
Sell, S., and Linthicum, D. S., 1975, Distribution of surface Ig during lymphocyte transformation, in: Lymphocytes and Their Interaction: Recent Observations (R. C. Williams, ed.), Kroc Foundation Symposia Series, Vol. 4, pp. 57–75. Raven, New York.
Serhan, C. N., Fridovich, J., Goetzl, E. J., Dunham, P. B., and Weissmann, G., 1982, Leukotriene B4 and phosphatidic acid are calcium ionophores, J. Biol. Chem. 257:4746–4752.
Shapiro, H. M., Natale, P. J., and Kamentsky, L. A., 1979, Estimation of membrane potentials of individual lymphocytes by flow cytometry, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:5728–5730.
Sherline, P., and Mundy, G. R., 1977, Role of the tubulin-microtubular system in lymphocyte activation, J. Cell. Biol. 74:371–376.
Shipp, M. A., and Reinherz, E. L., 1987, Differential expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes in T cells triggered with mitogenic and nonmitogenic T3 and Til activation signals, J. Immunol. 139:2143–2148.
Singer, S. J., and Nicolson, G. L., 1972, The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175:720–731.
Smit, J. W., Bloom, N. R., VanLuyn, M. J. A., and Halie, M. R., 1983, Lymphocytes with parallel tubular structures: Morphologically a distinctive subpopulation. Blut 46:311–320.
Smith, J. W., Steiner, A. L., Newberry, W. M., and Parker, C. W., 1971, Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’- monophosphate in human lymphocytes. Alterations after phytohemagglutinin stimulation, J. Clin. Invest. 50:432–441.
Smith, K. A., 1982, Interleukin-2, Immunobiology 161:157–173.
Soren, L., 1973, Variability of the time at which PHA-stimulated lymphocytes initiate DNA synthesis, Exp. Cell 78:201–208.
Spach, C., and Aschkenasy, A., 1979, Effects of a protein-free diet on the changes in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels induced by immunization in splenic T and B lymphocytes in rat, J. Nutr. 109:1265–1273.
Spiegel, R. J., Magrath, I. T., and Shutta, J. A., 1981, Role of cytoplasmic lipids in altering diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization in malignant cells. Cancer Res. 41:452–458.
Stark, R., Liebes, L. P., Nevria, D., and Silber, R., 1982, The quantitation of actin in human lymphocytes by isoelectric focusing, Biochem. Med. 27:200–206.
Stenzel, K. M., Schwartz, R., Rubin, A. L., and Novogrodsky, A., 1978, Potentiation of lymphocyte activation by colchicine, J. Immunol. 121:863–871.
Sternholm, R. L., and Falor, W. H., 1970, Early biochemical changes in phytohemagglutinin- stimulated human lymphocytes of blood and lymphocytes, J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 7:471–483.
Stoeck, M., Northoff, H., and Resch, K., 1983, Inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by ouabain, J. Immunol. 131:1433–1437.
Stole, V., 1980, Stimulatory effect of ionophores on adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate content in human mononuclear leukocytes, Biochem. Pharmacol. 29:1991–1994.
Strom, T. B., Lundin, A. P., and Carpenter, C. B., 1977, The role of cyclic nucleotides in lymphocyte activation and function. Prog. Clin. Immunol. 3:115–153.
Sugiura, T., and Waku, K., 1984, Enhanced turnover of arachidonic acid-containing species of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid of concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes, Bio- chim. Biophys. Acta 796:190–198.
Sundquist, K. G., Otteskog, P., Wanger, L. Thorstensson, R., and Utter, G., 1980, The morphology and microfilament organization in human blood lymphocytes: Effects of substratum and mitogen exposure, Exp. Cell. Res. 130:327–337.
Suzuki T., Sadasivan, R., Saito-Taki, T., Stechschulte, D. J., and Balentine, L., 1980, Studies of Fc gamma-receptors of human B lymphocytes: Phospholipase A2 activation of Fc gamma-receptors, Biochemistry 19:6037–6043.
Szamel, M., and Resch, K., 1981a, Modulation of enzyme activities is isolated lymphocyte plasma membranes by enzymatic modification of phospholipid fatty acids, J. Biol Chem. 256:11618–11623.
Szamel, M., and Resch, K., 1981b, Inhibition of lymphocyte activation by ouabain. Interference with the early activation of membrane phospholipid metabolism, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 647: 297–301.
Szamel, M., Schneider, S., and Resch, K., 1981, Functional interrelationship between (Na+ and K +)-ATPase and lysolecithin acyltransferase in plasma membranes of mitogen-stimulated rabbit thymocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 256:9198–9204.
Takemoto, D. J., Kaplan, S. A., and Appleman, M. M., 1979, Cyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate and phosphodiesterase activity in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocyte, Biochem. Bio- physica Res. Commun. 90:491–497.
Takemoto, D. J., Dunford, C., Vaughn, D., Kramer, K. J., Smith, A., and Powell, R. G., 1982, Guanylate cyclase activity in human leukemic and normal lymphocytes. Enzyme 27:179–188.
Takigawa, M., and Waksman, B., 1980, Mechanisms of lymphocyte “deletion” by high concentrations of ligand. 1. Cyclic AMP levels and cell death in T-lymphocytes exposed to high concentration of concanavalin A, Cell. Immunol. 58:29–38.
Tam, C. F., and Walford, R. L., 1978, Cyclic nucleotide levels in resting and mitogen-stimulated spleen cell suspensions from young and old mice, Mech. Aging Dev. 7:309–320.
Tam, C. F., and Walford, R. L., 1980, Alterations in cyclic nucleotides and cyclase-specific activities in T lymphocytes of aging normal humans and patients with Down’s Syndrome, J. Immunol. 125:1665–1670.
Tam, C., Smith, G., and Walford, R., 1979, Resting and concanavalin-A stimulated levels of cyclic nucleotides in splenic cells of aging mice with spontaneous cancers. Life Sci. 24:311–322.
Tandon, N. N., Davidson, L. A., and Titus, E. O., 1983, Changes in (Na+ and K+) ATPase activity associated with stimulation of thymocytes by concanavalin A, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 9850–9855.
Tatham, P. E. R., and Delves, P. J., 1984, Flow cytometric detection of membrane potential changes in murine lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A, Biochem. J. 221:137–146.
Taylor, M. J., Metcalfe, J. C., Hesketh, T. R., Smith, G. A., and Moore, J. P., 1984, Mitogens increase phosphorylation of phosphoinositides in thymocytes, Nature (Lond.) 312:462–463.
Toh, B. H., and Hard, G. C., 1977, Actin co-caps with concanavalin A receptors, Nature (Lond.) 269:695–697.
Tomar, R. H., Darrow, T. L., and John, P. A., 1981, Response to and production of prostaglandins by murine thymus, spleen, bone marrow and lymph node cells, Cell. Immunol. 60:335–346.
Touraine, J. L., Hadden, J. W., Touraine, F., Hadden, E. M., Estensen, R., and Good, R. A., 1977, Phorbol myristate acetate: A mitogen selective for a T-lymphocyte subpopulation, J. Exp. Med. 145:460–465.
Toyoshima, S., and Osawa, T., 1975, Lectins from Wistaria floribunda seeds and their effect on membrane fluidity of human peripheral lymphocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 250:1655–1660.
Toyoshima, S., Iwata, M., and Osawa, T., 1976, Kinetics of lymphocyte stimulation by concanavalin A, Nature (Lond.) 264:447–449.
Toyoshima, S., Hirata, F., Axelrod, J., Beppu, M., Osawa, T., and Waxdal, M. J., 1982a, The relationship between phospholipid methylation and calcium influx in murine lymphocytes stimulated with native and modified Con A, Mol. Immunol. 19:229–234.
Toyoshima, S., Hirata, F., Iwata, M., Axelrod, J., Osawa, T., and Waxdal, M. J., 1982b, Lectin- induced mitosis and phospholipid methylation, Mol. Immunol. 19:467–476.
Trotter, J., and Ferber, E., 1981, CoA-dependent cleavage of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine and transfer to phosphatidylethanolamine in homogenates of murine thy- mocytQS, FEBS Lett. 128:237–241.
Trotter, J., Fleisch, L, Schmidt, B., and Ferber, E., 1982, Acyltransferase-catalyzed cleavage of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and transfer to lysophosphatides in lymphocytes and macrophages, J. Biol. Chem. 257:1816–1823.
Tsien, R. Y., Pozzan, T., and Rink, T. J., 1982, T-cell mitogens cause early changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and membrane potential in lymphocytes. Nature (Lond.) 295:68–70.
Tsuda, H., Maeda, H., and Kishimoto, S., 1981, Fluorescence polarization with FDA in leukemic cells: A clear difference between myelogenous and lymphocytic organs, Br. J. Cancer 43:793–803.
Udey, M. C., and Parker, C. W., 1982, Effects of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in human lymphocytes, Biochem. Pharmacol. 31:337–345.
Udey, M. C., Chaplin, D. D., Wedner, M. J., and Parker, C. W., 1980, Early activation events in lectin-stimulated human lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 125:1544–1550.
Van Blitterswijk, W. J., De Veer, G., Krol, J. H., and Emmelot, P., 1982, Comparative lipid analysis of purified plasma membranes and shed extracellular membrane vesicles from normal murine thymocytes and leukemic GRSL cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 688:495–504.
Van den Berg, K. J., and Betel, I., 1971, Early increase of amino acid transport in stimulated lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 66:257–259.
Van den Berg, K. J., and Betel, I., 1973a, Increased transport of 2-aminoisobutyric acid in rat lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, Exp. Cell. Res. 76:63–72.
Van den Berg, K. J., and Betel, I., 1973b, Selective early activation of a sodium dependent amino acid transport system in stimulated rat lymphocyte, FEBS Lett. 29:149–152.
Van den Berg, K. J., and Betel, I., 1974a, Correlation of early changes in amino acid transport and DNA synthesis in stimulated lymphocytes. Cell. Immunol. 10:319–323.
Van den Berg, K. J., and Betel, I., 1974b, Regulation of amino acid uptake in lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens, Exp. Cell. Res. 84:412–418.
Varesio, L., and Holden, J. T., 1980, Mechanisms of lymphocyte activation: Linkage between early protein synthesis and late lymphocyte proliferation, J. Immunol. 124:2288–2294.
Varesio, L., Holden, H. T., Taramelli, D., 1980, Mechanism of lymphocyte activation, J. Immunol. 125:2810–2816.
Wagshal, A., and Waksman, B., 1978, Regulatory substances produced by lymphocytes. VIIL Cell cycle specificity of inhibitory of DNA synthesis (IDS) action in lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 121: 966–972.
Wagshal, A., Jegasothy, B., and Waksman, B., 1978, Regulatory substances produced by lymphocytes. VL Cell cycle specificity of inhibitor of DNA synthesis action in L cells, J. Exp. Med. 147:171–181.
Waksman, B. H., Dessaint, J-P., and Katz, S. P., 1980, Proteolysis, calcium and cyclic nucleotides in macrophage T-lymphocyte interaction, in: Biochemical Characterization of Lymphokines (A. L. deWeck, F. Kristensen, and M. Landz, eds.), pp. 435–443, Academic, New York.
Walls, E. v., Borghetti, A. F., Benzie, C. R., and Kay, J. E., 1984, Early events during the activation of human lymphocytes by the mitogenic monoclonal antibody OKT3. Cell. Immunol. 89:30–38.
Walsh, J. v., and Singer, J. J., 1983, Ca2+ activated K+ channels in vertebrate smooth muscle cells, Cell. Calcium 4:321–330.
Wands, J. R., Podolsky, D. K., and Isselbacher, K. J., 1976, Mechanism of human lymphocyte stimulation by concanavalin A: Role of valence and surface binding sites, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:2118–2122.
Wang, J. L., McClain, D. A., and Edelman, G. M., 1975a, Modulation of lymphocyte mitogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:1917–1921.
Wang, J. L., Gunther, G. R., and Edelman, G. M., 1975b, Inhibition by colchicine of the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes prior to the S phase, J. Cell Biol. 66:128–144.
Wang, T., Sheppard, J. R., and Foker, J. E., 1978, Rise and fall of cyclic AMP required for onset of lymphocyte DNA synthesis, Science 201:155–157.
Wang, T., Foker, J. E., and Malkinson, A. M., 1981, Protein phosphorylation in intact lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A, in Exp. Cell. Res. 134:409–416.
Waterhouse, P. D., Anderson, P. L., and Brown, D. L., 1983, Increases in microtubule assembly and in tubulin content on mitogenically stimulated mouse splenic T lymphocytes, Exp. Cell. Res. 144:367–376.
Watson, J., 1976, The involvement of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the initiation of lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens, J. Immunol. 117:1656–1663.
Watson, J., Epstein, R., and Cohn, M., 1973, Cyclic nucleotides as intracellular mediators of the expression of antigen-sensitive cells. Nature (Lond.) 246:405–409.
Waxdal, M. J., 1980, Discussions, Fourth International Congress on Immunology, Paris.
Webb, D. R., and Jamieson, A. T., 1976, Control of mitogen-induced transformation: Characterization of a splenic suppressor cell and its mode of action. Cell. Immunol. 24:45–57.
Webb, D. R., and Nowowiejski, I., 1981, Control of suppressor cell activation via endogenous prostaglandin synthesis: The role of T cells and macrophages. Cell. Immunol. 63:321–328.
Webb, D. R., Stites, D. P., Perlman, J. D., Luong, D., and Fudenberg, H. H., 1973, Lymphocyte activation: The dualistic effect of CAMP, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 53:1002–1008.
Webb, D. R., Belobradsky, B., Hanes, D., Stites, D. P., Perlman, J. D., and Fudenberg, H. H., 1975, Control of mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 4: 226–240.
Weber, W. T., 1977, T-cell activation induced by cross-linking of anti-T cell directed antibodies with anti-immunoglobulin, in: Regulatory Mechanisms in Lymphocyte Activation (D. E. Lucas, ed.), p. 31, Academic, New York.
Weber, T. H., and Goldberg, M. L., 1975, Effects of leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin on cAMP and CGMP levels in lymphocytes, Exp. Cell Res. 97:432–435.
Weber, W., Schwock, G., Wielckens, K., Gartemann, A., and Hilz, H., 1981, CAMP receptor proteins and protein kinases in human lymphocytes: Fundamental alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukemaic cells, Eur. J. Biochem. 120:585–592.
Wedner, H. J., and Parker, C. W., 1975, Protein phosphorylation in human peripheral lymphocytes- stimulation by phytohemagglutinin and A2+-monobutyryl cyclic AMP, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 62:808–815.
Wedner, H. J., and Parker, C. W., 1976, Lymphocyte Activation, Prog. Allergy 20:195–300.
Wedner, H. J., Dankner, R., and Parker, C. W., 1975, Cyclic GMP and lectin-induced lymphocyte activation, J. Immunol. 115:1682–1687.
Weidemann, M. J., and Kolbuck-Braddon, M. E., 1982, The effect of trifluoperazine on con- canavalin A-induced chemiluminescence, respiration and glycolysis in rat thymocytes, Biochem. Internatl. 4:575–583.
Weiel, J. E., and Hamilton, T. A., 1984, Quiescent lymphocytes express intracellular transferrin receptors, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 119:598–602.
Weinstein, Y., Chambers, D. A., Bourne, H. R., and Melmon, K. L., 1974, Cyclic GMP stimulates lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis. Nature (Lond.) 251:352–353.
Weinstein, Y., Segal, S., and Melmon, K. L., 1975, Specific mitogenic activity of 8-Br-guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (Br-cyclic GMP) on B lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 115:112–117.
Weiss, A., Imboden, J., Hardy, K., Manger, B., Terhorst, C., and Stobi, J., 1986, The role of the T3/antigen receptor complex in T-cell activation, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 4:593–619.
Weiss, B., and Winchurch, R. A., 1978, Analyses of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in lymphocytes from normal and aged leukemic mice. Cancer Res. 38:1274–1280.
Wertz, P. W., and Mueller, G. C., 1978, Rapid stimulation of phospholipid metabolism in bovine lymphocytes by tumor-promoting phorbolesters. Cancer Res. 38:2900–2904.
Wertz, P. W., and Mueller, G. C., 1980, Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate accelerated phospholipid metabolism by 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid. Cancer Res. 40:776–781.
Wess, J. A., and Archer, D. L., 1981, Restoration by cyclic guanosine monophosphate and extracellular calcium of butylated hydroxyanisole-suppressed primary murine thymus-dependent antibody response, Immunopharmacology 3:361–366.
Wess, J. A., and Archer, D. L., 1982, Evidence from in vitro murine immunologic assays that some phenolic food additives may function as antipromoters by lowering intracellular cyclic GMP levels, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 170:427–430.
Whitesell, R. R., Johnson, R. A., Tarpley, H. L., and Regen, D. M., 1977, Mitogen-stimulated glucose transport in thymocytes. Possible role of Ca2+ and antagonism by adenosine 3’:5’- monophosphate, J. Cell. Biol. 72:456–469.
Whitfield, J. F., and MacManus, J. P., 1972, Calcium-mediated effects of cyclic GMP on the stimulation of thymocyte proliferation by prostaglandin Ei, Proc. Exp. Biol. Med. 193:818–824.
Whitfield, J. F., Rixon, R. H., Perris, A. D., and Youdale, T., 1969, Stimulation by calcium of the entry of thymic lymphocytes into the deoxyribonucleic acid-synthetic(S) phase of the cell cycle, Exp. Cell. Res. 57:8–12.
Whitfield, J. F., MacManus, J. P., Boynton, A. L., Gillan, D. J., and Isaacs, R. J., 1974, Concanavalin A and the initiation of thymic lymphoblast DNA synthesis and proliferation by a calcium-dependent increase in cyclic GMP level, J. Cell. Physiol. 84:445–458.
Whitfield, J. F., MacManus, J. P., Rixon, A. H., Boynton, A. L., Youdale, T., and Swierenga, S., 1976, The positive control of cell proliferation by the interplay of calcium and cyclic nucleotides: A review. In Vitro 12:1–18.
Whitney, R. B., and Sutheriand, R. M., 1972a, The influence of calcium, magnesium and cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate on the mixed lymphocyte reaction, J. Immunol. 108:1179–1183.
Whitney, R. B., and Sutherland, R. M., 1972b, Requirement for calcium ions in lymphocyte transformation stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, J. Cell. Physiol. 80:329–338.
Whitney, R. B., and Sutherland, R. M., 1972c, Enhanced uptake of calcium by transforming lymphocytes. Cell. Immunol. 5:137–147.
Whitney, R. B., and Sutherland, R. M., 1973a, Effects of chelating agents on the initial interaction of phytohemagglutinin with lymphocytes and the subsequent stimulation of amino acid uptake, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298:790–797.
Whitney, R. B., and Sutherland, R. M., 1973b, Characteristics of calcium accumulation by lymphocytes and alteration in the process induced by phytohemagglutinin, J. Cell. Physiol. 82:9–20.
Williams, D. B., Perera, M. A., Facca, L. A., Heng, Y. M., Simon, G. T., Dorrington, K. J., and Klein, M. H., 1986, Role of calcium remobilization in antigen specific T-cell activation, in: Sixth International Congress of Immunology Toronto, Canada (abst. #26), p. 234.
Williams, J. M., Ransil, B. J., Shapiro, H. M., and Strom, T. B., 1984, Accessory cell requirement for activation antigen expression and cell cycle progression by human T-lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 133:2986–2994.
Williams, R. O., and Loeb, L. A., 1973, Zinc requirement for DNA replication in stimulated human lymphocytes, J. Cell. Biol. 58:594–601.
Wood, P. J., Pao, G., and Cooper, A., 1984, Changes in guinea pig plasma cyclic nucleotide levels during the development of transplantable leukemia. Cancer 53:79–82.
Wright, P., Quastel, M. R., and Kaplan, J. G., 1973, Differential sensitivity of antigen- and mitogen-stimulated human leukocytes to prolonged inhibition of potassium transport, Exp. Cell. Res. 79:87–94.
Yahara, I., and Edelman, G. M., 1972, Restriction of the mobility of lymphocyte immunoglobulin receptors by concanavalin A, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:608–612.
Yahara, I., and Edelman, G. M., 1973, The effects of concanavalin A on the mobility of lymphocyte surface receptors, Exp. Cell. Res. 81:143–155.
Yahara, I., and Edelman, G. M., 1975, Modulation of lymphocyte receptor mobility by locally bound concanavalin A, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72:1579–1583.
Yang, S. v., Chouaib, S., and Dupont, B., 1986, A common pathway for T lymphocyte activation involving both the CD3-Ti complex and CD2 sheep erythrocyte receptor determinants, J. Immunol. 137:1097–1100.
Yasmeen, D., Laird, A. J., Hume, D. A., and Weidemann, M. J., 1977, Activation of 3-O-methyl- glucose transport in rat thymus lymphocytes by concanavalin A, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 500: 89–102.
Yoshinaga, M., Waksman, B., and Malawista, S. E., 1972, Inhibition of lymphocyte triggering by cytochalasin B, Transplant. Proc. 4:325–327.
Yunis, A. A., Arimura, G. K., and Kipnis, D. M., 1963, Amino acid transport in blood cells. L Effect of cations and amino acid transport in human leukocytes, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 62:465–476.
Zachowski, A., Lelievre, L., Aubry, J., Charlemagne, D., and Paraf, A., 1977, Roles of proteins from inner face of plasma membranes in susceptibility of adenosinetriphosphatase to ouabain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:633–637.
Zinmierman, T. P., Schmitges, C. J., Wolberg, G., Deeprose, R. D., Duncan, G. S., Cuatrecasass, P., and Elion, G. B., 1980, Modulation of cyclic AMP metabolism by S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-3-deazadenosylhomocysteine in mouse lymphocytes, Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA 11: 5639–5643.
Zwiller, J., Revel, M.-O., and Malviya, A. N., 1985, Protein kinase C catalyzes phosphorylation of guanylate cyclase in vitro, J. Biol. Chem. 260:1350–1356.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hadden, J.W., Coffey, R.G. (1990). Early Biochemical Events in T-Lymphocyte Activation by Mitogens. In: Hadden, J.W., Szentivanyi, A. (eds) Immunopharmacology Reviews. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7252-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7252-7_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7254-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7252-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive