Abstract
For many ecologists the notion of an ecosystem under stress is metaphorical at best. It is commonly accepted that an organism can respond to stress, but what about ecosystems? Do entire ecosystems respond to perturbations in any way that can be quantified either in the field or in the laboratory? Are there analogs to an organism’s heartbeat rate, body temperature, or liver metabolism that legitimately can be applied to whole ecosystems?
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Ulanowicz, R.E. (1996). Trophic Flow Networks as Indicators of Ecosystem Stress. In: Polis, G.A., Winemiller, K.O. (eds) Food Webs. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_35
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_35
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