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Benefits and Handicaps of Sexual Reproduction

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Evolutionary Biology

Abstract

Sexual reproduction has widespread and varied ramifications affecting many aspects of biology. Since the theory of natural selection was first proposed, naturalists have repeatedly examined the adaptive significance of sexual and asexual reproduction. Early valuable contributions were made by August Weismann (1887, 1889, 1892). He suggested that sex is a handicap because it results in a lower rate of reproduction and requires special morphological structures, but that it also facilitates evolution by providing the genetic variability that natural selection depends upon. The advantages arising from genetic variability were elaborated by Fisher (1930) and Muller (1932) and embodied in the concept of recombination systems which developed as part of the synthetic theory of evolution. According to theories of regulation of recombination systems, a wide array of structural and ecological features of organisms, including sexuality vs. asexuality, are adjusted together to produce a supposedly optimal supply of genetic recombinants (Darlington, 1939; Grant, 1975).

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    David G. Lloyd

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  1. Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA

    Max K. Hecht

  2. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA

    William C. Steere

  3. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Bruce Wallace

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Lloyd, D.G. (1980). Benefits and Handicaps of Sexual Reproduction. In: Hecht, M.K., Steere, W.C., Wallace, B. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6962-6_2

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