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Reactive Oxygen Intermediates as Signaling Molecules Regulating Leukocyte Activation

  • Chapter
Oxidative Stress and Signal Transduction

Abstract

The purpose of the inflammatory process is to combat infection by pathogenic microorganisms. The primary effectors of this response are leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. Of necessity, these cells have evolved many properties that facilitate their effective function in inflammation including the ability to move to the site of inflammation (Chemotaxis) and to ingest and kill pathogens by release of toxic products including proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), and cationic proteins. Leukocytes have also evolved the ability to respond to signals released in an inflammatory milieu such as bacterial products (formyl peptides and lipopolysaccharide), components of the complement and clotting cascades, and soluble factors such as cytokines released by other inflammatory cells. The processes whereby soluble factors activate leukocyte effector functions (Chemotaxis, proteolytic enzyme secretion, and the oxidative burst) involve complex and interconnected transmembrane signaling pathways. Many of the components of these pathways have been elucidated including the molecular characterization of membrane receptors, GTP-binding proteins, phospholipases, protein kinases, and phosphatases (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 2). Recent studies have provided evidence that free radicals including reactive oxygen intermediates, traditionally viewed as potent microbicidal agents,3 may function in the regulation of these signaling pathways. Reactive oxygen intermediates fulfill important prerequisites for intracellular messenger molecules: they are small, diffusible, and ubiquitous molecules that can be synthesized as well as destroyed rapidly (reviewed in Ref. 4). However, because of their toxicity, there might be only a narrow concentration range in which they can function exclusively as second messengers.

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Authors
  1. Léa Fialkow
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  2. Gregory P. Downey
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern California, USA

    Henry Jay Forman  & Enrique Cadenas  & 

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© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Fialkow, L., Downey, G.P. (1997). Reactive Oxygen Intermediates as Signaling Molecules Regulating Leukocyte Activation. In: Forman, H.J., Cadenas, E. (eds) Oxidative Stress and Signal Transduction. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5981-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5981-8_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7741-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5981-8

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