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α-Gal Epitopes on Viral Glycoproteins

  • Chapter
α-Gal and Anti-Gal

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 32))

Abstract

The α-gal epitope (Galα1,3Galβl,4GlcNAc-R) is a terminal glycosidic structure that is expressed on the surface of cells from most mammalian species other than humans, apes and Old World monkeys (Galili et al., 1988a; Galili et al., 1987). The terminal α-galactosyl unit of this epitope is added to nascent glycolipids and glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus by α1,3galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT). In primates lacking the α-gal epitope, the α1,3GT gene is not transcribed, and nonsense mutations are present within the coding region of some species (Galili and Swanson, 1991; Larsen et al., 1990a; Joziasse et al., 1989). The presence of a functional α1,3GT in New World monkeys suggests that this gene was inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes after their divergence from New World monkeys (Galili et al., 1988a). A detailed comparison of the α1,3GT pseudogene sequences in Old World monkeys and apes further suggests that this gene was inactivated after these two groups diverged from each other (Galili and Andrews, 1995; Galili and Swanson, 1991).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA

    Russell P. Rother

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 9129, USA

    Uri Galili

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  1. Russell P. Rother
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  1. MCP-Hahnemann School of Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Uri Galili

  2. Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela

    José Luis Avila

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Rother, R.P., Galili, U. (1999). α-Gal Epitopes on Viral Glycoproteins. In: Galili, U., Avila, J.L. (eds) α-Gal and Anti-Gal. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 32. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4771-6_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4771-6_7

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