Abstract
The mammary fat pad, when cleared of glandular tissues in female mice 3–4 weeks old, provides an ideal site for the transplantation of normal, hyperplastic, or malignant lesions of the mammary gland into syngeneic hosts. The cleared fat pad retains the microenvironment necessary for the normal morphological growth of transplanted mammary gland elements. The biological development of mammary gland structures can be evaluated and lesions can be tested for cancer risk. Serial transplantation into cleared fat pads can provide pools of the tissue of choice for biochemical, immunological, and molecular analysis, for tissue culture, and for the perpetuation of hyperplastic tissues for future use. With the advent of transgenic and knockout mice, the clearing technique has become a powerful biological system wherein the effect of genes and their interactions on mammary neoplasia can be determined. This chapter describes the clearing and transplantation technique for mammary tissues and cells.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. B. DeOme, L. J. Faulkin, Jr., H. A. Bern, and P. B. Blair (1959). Development of mammary tumors from hyperplastic alveolar nodules transplanted into gland-free mammary fat pads of female C3H mice. Cancer Res. 19: 515–520.
C. W. Daniel, K. B. DeOme, L. J. T. Young, P. B. Blair, and L. J. Faulkin, Jr. (1968). The in vivo life span of normal and preneoplastic mouse mammary glands: a serial transplantation study. PNAS 61: 53–60.
L. J. T. Young, D. Medina, K. B. DeOme, and C. W. Daniel (1971). The influence of host and tissue age on life span and growth rate of serially transplanted mouse mammary gland. Exp. Geront. 6: 49–56.
C. W. Daniel and L. J. T. Young (1971). Influence of cell division on an aging process. Life span of mouse mammary epithelium during serial propagation in vivo. Exp. Cell Res. 65: 27–32.
K. Hoshino (1967). Transplantablity of mammary gland in brown fat pads of mice. Nature 213: 194–195.
K. Hoshino and W. U. Gardner (1967). Transplantablity and life span of mammary gland during serial transplantation in mice. Nature 213: 193–194.
K. B. DeOme, M. J. Miyamoto, R. C. Osborn, R. C. Guzman, and K. Lum (1978). Effect of parity on recovery of inapparent nodule-transformed mammary gland cells in vivo. Cancer Res. 38: 4050–4053.
K. B. DeOme, M. J. Miyamoto, R. C. Osborn, R. C. Guzman, and K. Lum (1978). Detection of inapparent nodule-transformed cells in the mammary gland tissues of virgin female BALB/cfC3H mice. Cancer Res. 38: 2103–2111.
K. B. DeOme. P. B. Blair, and L. J. Faulkin, Jr. (1961). Some characteristics of the preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodules of C3H/CRGL mice. Acta Union Int. Contre le Cancer 17: 973–982.
K. B. DeOme and L. J. T. Young (1970). Hyperplastic lesions of the mouse and rat mammary glands. Proceedings, Tenth International Cancer Research Congress, Houston, TX; (1971) In R. E. Clark, R. W. Cumley, J. E. McCay, and M. M. Copeland (eds.), Experimental Cancer Therapy Yearbook Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp. 474–483.
D. Medina (1976). Preneoplastic lesions in murine mammary cancer. Cancer Res. 36: 2589–2595.
C. W. Daniel, B. D. Aidells, D. Medina, and L. J. Faulkin, Jr. (1975). Unlimited division potential of precancerous mouse mammary cells after spontaneous or carcinogen-induced transformation. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 34: 64–67.
L. J. Faulkin, Jr. (1966). Hyperplastic lesions of mouse mammary glands after treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 36: 289–297.
R. C. Guzman, R C Osborn, and K. B. DeOme (1981). Recovery of transformed nodule and ductal mammary cells from carcinogen-treated C57B1 mice. Cancer Res. 41: 1808–1811.
L. J. Faulkin, Jr., and K. B. DeOme (1960). Regulation of growth and spacing of gland elements in the mammary fat pad of the C3H mouse. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 24: 953–969.
U. K. Ehmann, R. C. Guzman, R C Osborn, L. J. T. Young, R. D. Cardiff, and S. Nandi (1987). Cultured mouse mammary cells. Normal phenotype after implantation. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 78: 751–757.
R. C. Guzman, R C Osborn, J. Yang, K. B. DeOme, and S. Nandi (1982). Transplantation of mouse mammary epithelial cells grown in primary collagen gel cultures. Cancer Res. 42: 2376–2383.
H. C. Outzen and R. P. Custer (1975). Growth of human normal and neoplastic mammary tissues in the cleared mammary fat pad of the nude mouse. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55: 1461–1466.
H. M. Jensen and S. R. Wellings (1976). Preneoplastic lesions of the human mammary gland transplanted into the nude athymic mouse. Cancer Res. 36: 2605–2610.
D. Medina (1996). The mammary gland: A unique organ for the study of development and tumorigenesis. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 1: 519.
R. D. Cardiff, S. R. Wellings, and L. J. Faulkin (1977). Biology of breast preneoplasia. Cancer 39: 2734–2746.
R. D. Cardiff, D. W. Morris, L. J. T. Young, and R. Strange (1986). MuMTV genotype, protoneo-plasia and tumor progression. In M. A. Rich, J. C. Hager, and J. Taylor-Papadimitriou (eds.), Breast Cancer: Origins, Detection, and Treatment, Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, pp. 156–166.
R. D. Cardiff, D. W. Morris, and L. J. T. Young (1983). Alterations of acquired mouse mammary tumor virus DNA during mammary tumorigenesis in BALB/cfC3H mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 71: 1011–1019.
M. V. Pimm and T. M. Morris (1990). Growth rates of human tumours in nude mice. Eur. J. Cancer 26: 764–765.
H. Naundorf, I. Fichter, G. J. Saul, W. Haensch, and B. Buttner (1993). Establishment and characteristics of two new human mammary carcinoma lines serially transplantable in nude mice. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 119: 652–656.
A. T. W. Cheung, L. J. T. Young, P. C. Y. Chen, C. Y. Chao, A. Ndoye, P. A. Barry, W. J. Muller, and R. D. Cardiff (1997). Microcirculation and metastasis in a new mouse mammary tumor model system. Int. J. Oncol. 11: 69–77.
G. H. Smith, R. Sharp, E. C. Kordon, C. Jhappan, and G. Merlino (1995). Transforming growth factor-alpha promotes mammary tumorigenesis through selective survival and growth of secretory epithelial cells. Am. J. Pathol. 147: 1061–1096.
N. Su, J. O. Ojeifo, A. MacPherson, and J. A. Zwiebel (1994). Breast cancer gene therapy: transgenic immunotherapy. Breast Cancer Res. Treatment 31: 349–356.
S. A. Eccles, G. Box, W. Court, J. Sandle, and C. J. Dean (1994). Preclinical models for the evaluation of targeted therapies of metastatic disease. Cell Biophys. 24–25: 279–291.
J. M. Bradbury, J. Arno, and P. A. Edwards (1993). Induction of epithelial abnormalities that resemble human breast lesions by the expression of the neu/erbB-2 oncogene in reconstituted mouse mammary gland. Oncogene 8: 1551–1558.
D. M. Ornitz, R. D. Cardiff, A. Kuo, and P. Leder (1992). lnt-2, an autocrine and/or ultra-short-range effector in transgenic mammary tissue transplants. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84: 887–892.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Young, L.J.T. (2000). The Cleared Mammary Fat Pad and the Transplantation of Mammary Gland Morphological Structures and Cells. In: Ip, M.M., Asch, B.B. (eds) Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4295-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4295-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6927-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4295-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive