Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are marvelously complex macromolecules that each contain a core protein with one or more covalently bound glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. GAGs are linear polymers of repeating disaccharides that contain one hexosamine and either a carboxylate or a sulfate ester, or usually both. These simple definitions encompass an exceptionally large range of structures involving different core proteins (see Section 2.1), different classes of GAGs, and different numbers and lengths of individual GAG chains (see Section 2.2). This large structural diversity no doubt contributes to a wide variety of biological functions. PGs are found inside cells, on the cell surface, and in the extra-cellular matrix. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the structures and possible functions of representative examples of PGs found in each of these tissue compartments. In the last few years, investigators have shown creativity in naming core proteins of individual PGs under investigation. In this chapter, such names will be used only for those core proteins for which the entire primary sequence of amino acids is known. For further background information, see Evered and Whelan (1986) and Wight and Mecham (1987).
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© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Wight, T.N., Heinegård, D.K., Hascall, V.C. (1991). Proteoglycans. In: Hay, E.D. (eds) Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3770-0_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3770-0_3
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