Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Ecology of Dispersal in Relation to Conservation

  • Chapter
Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation

Abstract

Small populations easily become extinct (Goodman, 1987). Small populations may also be affected by genetic drift and inbreeding (Schonewald Cox et al, 1983), although the importance of these latter effects on population dynamics is less clear (Ehrlich, 1983; Shaffer, 1987; see also chapter 4). The adverse demographic and genetic processes in small populations are both counteracted by immigration. Such immigration should keep the density over a certain threshold level (Brown & Kodric–Brown, 1977) or supply at least one reproducing individual per generation (Schonewald–Cox et al., 1983) to circumvent extinction or loss of genetic variability. However, immigration of foreign competing or predating species may have negative effects on local and circumscribed communities (Helle & Järvinen, 1986).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrewartha, H.G. & Birch, L.C. (1954). The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. Chicago University Press, Chicago, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, R.H. (1966). Studies on the dispersal of lichen soredia. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 59, 479–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, G.H. (1988). Dispersal of Theba pisana (Mollusca: Helioidae). J. Appl. Ecol., 25, 879–900.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baur, B. (1986). Patterns of dispersion, density and dispersal in alpine populations of the land snail Arianta arbustorum (L.) (Helicidae). Holarct. Ecol., 9, 117–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, A. (1989). Ballooning activity of Chilo partellus larvae in relation to size of mother, egg batches, eggs and larvae and age of mother. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 50, 125–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boonstra, R., Krebs, C.J., Gaines, M.S., Johnson, M.L. & Craine, I.T.M. (1987). Natal philopatry and breeding systems in voles (Microtus spp.). J. Anim. Ecol., 56, 655–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowler, P.A. & Rundel, P.W. (1975). Reproductive strategies in lichens. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 70, 325–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, C.C.K. & Boyce, J.L. III (1988). Population biology of Microtus arvalis, II. Natal and breeding dispersal of females. J. Anim. Ecol., 57, 723–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.H. & Kodric-Brown, A. (1977). Turnover rates in insular biogeography: effects of immigration on extinction. Ecology, 58, 445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, R.L. & Hegmann, J.P. (1969). Heritability of flight duration in the milkweed bug, Lygaeus kalmii. Nature, Lond., 223, 91–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, A., Scott, M.P. & Scotts, D.J. (1985). Inbreeding avoidance and male–biased natal dispersal in Antechinus spp. (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae). Anim. Behav., 33, 908–915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawley, M.J. (1987). What makes a community invasible? In Colonization, Succession and Stability, ed. A.J. Gray, M.J. Crawley, & P.J. Edwards. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 429–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danthanarayana, W. (ed.) (1986). Insect Flight, Dispersal and Migration. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darlington, P.J. Jr (1943). Carabidae of mountains and islands: data on the evolution of isolated faunas, and on atrophy of wings. Ecol. Monogr., 13, 37–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempster, J.P. (1989). Insect introductions: natural dispersal and population persistence in insects. Entomologist, 108, 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • den Boer, P.J. (1970). On the significance of dispersal power for populations of Carabid beetles (Coleóptera, Carabidae). Oecologia (Berl.), 4, 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denno, R.F., Olmstead, K.L. & McCloud, E.S. (1989) Reproductive cost of flight capability: a comparison of life history traits in wing dimorphic planthop-pers. Ecol. Entomol., 14, 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingle, H. (1972). Migration strategies of insects. Science, N.Y., 175, 1327–1335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingle, H. (1978). Evolution of Insect Migration and Diapause. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingle, H.J. (1984). Behaviour, genes, and life histories: complex adaptations in uncertain environments. In A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems, ed. P.W. Price, C.N. Slobodchikoff & W.S. Gaud. Wiley, New York, pp. 169–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingle, H. (1985a). Migration. In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, ed. G.A. Kerkut, H. & L.I. Gilbert. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 375–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingle, H. (1985b). Migration and life histories. In Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance, ed. M.A. Rankin. Contrib. Mar. Sci. Suppl., 27, 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingle, H. (1986). Evolution and genetics of insect migration. In Insect Flight, Dispersal and Migration, ed. W. Danthanarayana. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, F.S. (1982). Competition for mates and predominant juvenile dispersal in mammals. Anim. Behav., 30, 1183–1192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, F.S. & Jones, W.T. (1985). Multiple causes of dispersal. Amer. Nat., 126, 855–858.

    Google Scholar 

  • During, H.J. & ter Horst, B.B. (1983). The diaspore bank of bryophytes and ferns in chalk grassland. Lindbergia, 9, 57–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • During, H.J. & ter Horst, B.B. (1987). Diversity and dynamics in bryophyte communities on earth banks in a Dutch forest. Symp. Biol. Hung., 35, 447–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • During, H.J., Brugués, R.M., Cros, R.M. & Lloret, F. (1987). The diaspore bank of bryophytes and ferns in the soil in some contrasting habitat around Barcelona, Spain. Lindbergia, 13, 137–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehnström, B. & Waidén, H.W. (1986). Faunavård i Skogsbruket, Del 2. Den Lägre Faunan. Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P.R. (1983). Genetics and the extinction of butterfly populations. In Genetics and Conservation: a Reference for Managing Wild Animal and Plant Populations, ed. C. Schonewald-Cox, S.M. Chambers, B. MacBryde & L. Thomas. Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, California, pp. 152–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P.R. & Murphy, D.D. (1987). Conservation lessons from long-term studies of checkerspot butterflies. Conserv. Biol, 1, 122–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esseen, P.–A. (1985). Litter fall of epiphytic macrolichens in two old Picea abies forests in Sweden. Can. J. Bot., 63, 980–987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esseen, P.A., Ericson, L., Lindström, H. & Zackrisson, O. (1981). Occurrence and ecology of Usnea longissima in central Sweden. Lichenologist, 13, 177–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahrig, L. & Merriam, G. (1985). Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Ecology, 66, 1762–1768.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahrig, L. & Paloheimo, J. (1988). Determinants of local population size in patchy habitats. Theoret Popul. Biol, 34, 194–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrow, R.A. & Dows, J.E. (1984). Method of using kites to carry tow nets in the upper air for sampling insects and its application to radar entomology. Bull. Entomol. Res., 74, 87–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsse, E. & Solbreck, C. (1985). Migration in the bark beetle Ips typographus L.: duration, timing and height of flight. Z. angew. Entomol, 100, 47–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • French, N.R., Tagami, T.Y. & Hayden, P. (1968). Dispersal in a population of desert rodents. J. Mammal, 49, 272–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulford, M. (1951). Distribution patterns of the genera of Hepaticae of South America. Evolution, 5, 243–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garten, C.T. & Smith, M. H. (1974). Movements of oldfield mice and population regulation. Acta Theriol., 19, 513–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geuse, P., Bauchau, V. & Le Boulanger, E. (1985). Distribution and population dynamics of rodents in a patchy woodland habitat in central Belgium: preliminary results. Acta Zool. Fennica, 173, 65–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibo, D.L. (1986). Flight strategies of migrating monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) in southern Ontario. In Insect Flight Dispersal and Migration, ed. W. Danthanarayana, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 172–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick, P. A. (1939). The distribution of insects, spiders, and mites in the air. US Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull, 673, 1–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, D. (1987). The demography of chance extinction. In Viable Populations for Conservation, ed. M. Soulé. Cambridge University Press, Cam bridge, pp. 11–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottfried, B.M. (1982). A seasonal analysis of small mammal populations in woodlot islands. Can. J. Zool., 60, 1660–1664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granström, A. (1982). Seed bank in five boreal forest stands originating between 1810 and 1963. Can. J. Bot, 60, 1815–1821.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, P.R. (1978). Dispersal in relation to carrying capacity. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci., 75, 2854–2858.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, P.J. (1980). Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals. Anim. Behav., 28, 1140–1162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, P.H. (1973). Microbiology of the Air, 2nd edn. Leonard Hill Books, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, M.E. (1983). The Biology of Lichens, 3rd edn. Edward Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanski, I. (1982). Dynamics of regional distribution: the core and satellite hypothesis. Oikos, 38, 210–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, L. (1977). Buskmus. In Faunavård, ed. I. Ahlén. Liber, Stockholm, p. 136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, L. (1981a). Immigration to human habitations by South Swedish small mammals. Z. angew. Zool., 68, 339–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, L. (19816). Smågnagarfaunan i beteslandskap. Fauna Flora, 76, 215–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, L. (1987). Dispersal routes of small mammals at an abandoned field in central Sweden. Holarct Ecol., 10, 154–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, L. (1988). Dispersal and patch connectivity as species-specific characteristics. In Connectivity in Landscape Ecology, ed. K.–F. Schreiber, Schöningh, Muenster, pp. 111–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, S. & Quinn, J.F. (1989). Correlated environments and the persistence of metapopulations. Oikos, 56, 293–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, S., Murphy, D.D. & Ehrlich, P. (1988). Distribution of the bay checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha bayensis: evidence for a meta-population model. Amer. Nat., 132, 360–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedenäs, L., Herben, T., Rydin, H. & Söderström, L. (1989a). Ecology of the invading moss species Orthodontium lineare in Sweden: spatial distribution and population structure. Rolar ct. Ecol., 12, 163–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedenäs, L, Herben, T., Rydin, H. & Söderström, L. (1989b). Ecology of the invading moss species Orthodontium lineare in Sweden: substrate preference and interaction with other species. J. Bryol, 15, 565–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helle, P. & Järvinen, O. (1986). Population trends of North Finnish land birds in relation to their habitat selection and changes in forest structure. Oikos, 46, 107–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, M.T., Merriam, G. & Wegner, J. (1985). Patchy environments and species survival: chipmunks in an agricultural mosaic. Biol. Conserv., 31, 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herben, T. (1987). The ecology of the invasion of Orthodontium lineare Schwaegr. in central Europe. Symp. Biol. Hung., 35, 323–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, G.R. (1970). Spore viability in Funaria hygrometrica. Bryologist, 73, 634–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holekamp, K.E. & Sherman, P.W. (1989). Why male ground squirrels disperse. Amer. Scient, 11, 232–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, W.E. (1949). Disperal, amount of inbreeding, and longevity in a local population of prairie deer deermice on the George Reserve, southern Michigan. Contrib. Lab. Vertebr. Biol. Univ. Mich., 43, 1–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, W.E. (1960). Innate and environmental dispersal of individual vertebrates. Amer. Midl. Nat, 63, 152–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, H.F. & Smallwood, J. (1982). Ecology of seed dispersal. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst, 13, 201–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulthén, E. (1971). Atlas över Växternas Utbredning i Norden. Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingelög, T., Thor, G. & Gustaffson, L. (eds) (1987). Floravård i Skogsbruket, 2nd edn. Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C.G. (1969) Migration and Dispersal of Insects by Flight. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M.L. & Gaines, M.S. (1987). The selective basis for dispersal of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster. Ecology, 68, 684–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, B.G. & Esseen, P.–A. (1990). Treefall disturbance maintains high bryophyte diversity in a boreal spruce forest. J. Ecol., 78, 924–936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, B.G. & Söderström, L. (1988). Growth and reproduction in the leafy hepatic Ptilidium pulcherrimum during a 4–year period. J. Bryol, 15, 315–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaisila, J. (1962). Immigration und Expansion der Lepidopteren in Finnland in den Jahren 1869–1960. Acta Entomol. Fennica, 18, 1–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, J.S. (1985). Migration, behavioural and ecological. In Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance, ed. M.A. Rankin, Contrib. Mar. Sci., Suppl., 27, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, U. (1962). Entwicklung einiger Moose und Flechten auf Dauer-Untersuchungsflächen. Oberh. Ges. Natur– u. Heilkunde Ber. N.F. Naturw. Abt., 32, 151–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koponen, M. (1980). Distribution of Ips amitinus (Eichoff) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in Finland in 1974–1979. Notulae Entomologicae, 60, 223–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, C.J., Keller, B.L. & Tamarin, R.H. (1969). Microtus population biology: demographic changes in fluctuation populations of Microtus ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus in southern Indiana. Ecology, 50, 587–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, CJ, Gaines, M.S., Keller, B.L., Myers, J.H. & Tamarin, R.H. (1972). Population cycles in small rodents. Science, N.Y., 179, 35–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreulen, D.J.W. (1972). Spore output of moss capsules in relation to ontogeny of the archesporial tissue. J. Bryol, 7, 61–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lekander, B, Beijer Petersen, B, Kangas, E. & Bakke, A. (1977). The distribution of bark beetles in the Nordic countries. Acta Entomol. Fennica, 32, 1–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefkovitch, L.P. & Fahrig, L. (1985). Spatial characteristics of habitat patches and population survival. Ecol. Modelling, 30, 297–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liberg, O. & von Schantz, T. (1985). Sex-biased philopatry and dispersal in bird and mammals: the Oedipus hypothesis. Amer. Nat., 126, 129–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lidicker, W.Z. (1962). Emigration as a possible mechanism permitting the regulation of population density below carrying capacity. Amer. Nat., 96, 29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lidicker, W.Z. (1975). The role of dispersal in the demography of small mammals. In Productivity and Dynamics of Small Mammal Populations, ed. F.B. Golley, K. Petrusewicz & L. Ryszkowski. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 103–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindroth, C.H. (1949). Die Fennoskandischen Carabidae. Eine Tiergeografische Studie, III. Allgemeiner Teil. Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps/Vitterhets-samhälles Handlingen, B,4,3, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longton, R.E. (1976). Reproductive biology and evolutionary potential in bryophytes. J. Hattari Bot. Lab., 41, 205–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longton, R.E. & Miles, C.J. (1982). Studies on the reproductive biology of mosses. J. Eattori Bot. Lab., 52, 219–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longton, R.E. & Schuster, R.M. (1983). Reproductive biology. In New Manual of Bryology, ed. R.M. Schuster, Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, pp. 386–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • McQueen, C.B. (1986) Spatial pattern and gene flow distances in Sphagnum subtile. Bryologist, 88, 333–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkola, K. (1967). Immigrations of Lepidoptera, recorded in Finland in the years 1946–1966, in relation to air currents. Ann. Entomol. Fennica, 33, 65–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkola, K. (1971). The migratory habits of Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantridae) adults of continental Eurasia in the light of a flight to Finland. Acta Entomol. Fennica, 28, 107–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, C.J. & Longton, R.E. (1987). Life history of the moss Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. Symp. Biol. Hung., 35, 193–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, N.G. & Ambrose, L.J.H. (1976). Growth in culture of wind-blown bryophyte gametophyte fragments from arctic Canada. Bryologist, 79, 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. & Ali, R. (1984). Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related? Anim. Behav., 32, 94–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P.D. (1980). Soil seed banks. Nature, Lond., 284, 123–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D.D. & Weiss, S.B. (1988). Ecological studies and the conservation of the bay checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha bayensis. Biol. Conserv., 46, 183–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, B.G. (1967). Dispersal in vertebrates. Ecology, 48, 975–978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myllymäki, A. (1977). Intraspecific competition and home range dynamics in the field vole Microtus agrestis. Oikos, 29, 553–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, E.T. (1961). On the habits of the migratory butterfly Ascia monuste L. Biol. Medd., 23, 1–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmén, E. (1944). Die anemohydrochore Ausbreitung der Insekten als zoogeographischer Faktor. Ann. Zool. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae Vanamo, 10 (1), 1–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, P.A. (1983). The Evolutionary Biology of Colonizing Species. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petterson, B. (1940). Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Verbreitung der Sporenpflanzen. Acta Bot. Fennica, 25, 1–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pulliam, H.R. (1988). Sources, sinks, and population regulation. Amer. Nat., 132, 652–661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz, D. (1981). Seven forms of rarity. In The Biological Aspects of Rare Plant Conservation, ed. H. Synge. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 205–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rainey, A.C. (1989). Migration and Meteorology. Flight Behaviour and the Atmospheric Environment of Locusts and Other Migrant Pests. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rainey, A.C. (ed.) (1976). Insect Flight. Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London, No. 7. Rankin, M.A. (ed.) (1985). Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance. Contrib. Mar. Sci. Suppl., 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rankin, M.A., McAnelly, M.L. & Bodenhamer, J.E. (1986). The oogenesis flight syndrome revisited. In Insect Flight, Dispersal and Migration, ed. W. Danthanarayana. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 27–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roff, D. (1986). The evolution of wing dimorphism in insects. Evolution, 40, 1009–1020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, F. (1976). Lichenological indicators of age and environmental continuity in woodlands. In Lichenology: Progress and Problems, ed. D.H. Brown, D.L. Hawksworth & R.H. Bailey, Academic Press, London, pp. 279–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryrholm, N. & Källander, C.F.R. (1987). Invasionen av Autographa mandarina (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) i östra Sverige 1985. Entomol Tidskr., 108, 130–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, G.W. (1976). Radar observations of insect flight. Symp. R. Entomol. Soc., 7, 157–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoener, T.W. (1987). The geographical distribution of rarity. Oecologia (Berl.), 74, 161–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schonewald-Cox, C., Chambers, S.M., MacBryde, B. & Thomas, L. (eds) (1983). Genetics and Conservation. A Reference for Managing Wild Animal and Plant Populations. Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuster, R.M. (1983). Phytogeography of the Bryophyta. In New Manual of Bryology, ed. R.M. Schuster. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan. pp. 463–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, M.L. (1987). Minimum viable populations: coping with uncertainty. In Viable Populations for Conservation, ed. M. Soulé. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 69–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shawyer, C.R. (1987). The Barn Owl in the British Isles. Its Past, Present and Future. The Hawk Trust, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shellhammer, H.S. (1989). Salt marsh harvest mice, urban development, and rising sea levels. Conserv. Biol., 3, 59–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sillén-Tullberg, B. & Solbreck, C. (1990). Population dynamics of a seed-feeding bug, Lygaeus equestris, 2. Temporal dynamics. Oikos, 58, 210–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simberloff, D. (1988). The contribution of population and community biology to conservation science. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 19, 473–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjögren, P. (1991). Extinction and isolation gradients in metapopulations: the case of the pool frog Rana lessonae. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 42, 135–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slater, J.A. (1975). On the biology and zoogeography of Australian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to the Southwest fauna. J. Austrl. Entomol. Soc., 14, 47–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slater, J.A. (1977). The incidence and evolutionary significance of wing polymorphism in lygaeid bugs with particular reference to those of South Africa. Biotropica, 9, 217–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A.T. (1980). Temporal changes in insular populations of pika (Ochotona princeps). Ecology, 61, 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.I.L. (1987). The bryophyte propagule bank of Antarctic fellfield soils. Symp. Biol. Hung., 35, 233–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. (1987). Dispersal as a limiting factor for distribution among epixylic bryophytes. Symp. Biol. Hung., 35, 475–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. (1988a). Sequence of bryophytes and lichens in relation to substrate variables of decaying coniferous wood in northern Sweden. Nord. J. Bot., 8, 89–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. (1988b). The occurrence of epixylic bryophyte and lichen species in an old natural and a managed forest stand in northeast Sweden. Biol. Conserv., 45, 169–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. (1989). Regional distribution among bryophyte species on a temporal, patchy substrate. Bryologist, 92, 349–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. (1990a). Niche width and niche overlap in some epixylic bryophytes. Proc. 6th Mtg Central and East European Bryologists Working Group, ed. T. Herben. Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Průhonice, pp. 108–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. (1990b). Dispersai and distribution patterns in patchy, temporal habitats. In Spatial Processes in Plant Communities, ed. F. Krahulec, A.D.Q. Agnew, S. Agnew & J.H. Willems. SBP Publishers, The Hague, pp. 103–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderström, L. & Jonsson, B.G. (1989). Dispersai, spatial pattern and substrate preference in the leafy hepatic Philidium pulcherrimum. J. Bryol., 15, 793–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. (1972). Sexual cycle and changes in feeding activity and fat body size in relation to migration in Lygaeus equestris (L.) (Het., Lygaeidae). Entomol. Scand., 3, 267–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. (1978). Migration, diapause and direct development as alternative life histories in a seed bug, Neacoryphus bicrucis. In Evolution of Insect Migration and Diapause, ed. H. Dingle. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 195–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. (1980). Dispersal distances of migrating pine weevils, Hylobius abietis, Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 28, 123–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. (1985). Insect migration strategies and population dynamics. In Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance, ed. M.A. Rankin. Contrib. Mar. Sci., Suppl., 27, pp. 641–662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. (1986). Wing and flight muscle polymorphism in a lygaeid bud, Horvathiolus gibbicollis: determinants and life history consequences. Ecol. Entomol., 11, 435–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. (1991). Unusual weather and insect population dynamics: Lygaeus equestris during an extinction and recovery period. Oikos, 60, pp. 343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C. & Sillén-Tullberg, B. (1990). Population dynamics of a seed feeding bug, Lygaeus equestris, 1. Habitat patch structure and spatial dynamics. Oikos, 58, 199–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbreck, C., Anderson, D.B. & Förare, J. (1990). Migration and the coordination of life cycles as exemplified by Lygaeinae bugs. In Insect Life Cycles: Genetics, Evolution, and Coordination, ed. F. Gilbert. Springer Verlag, London, pp. 197–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, T.R.E. (1962). Migration of terrestrial arthropods in relation to habitat. Biol. Rev., 37, 171–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, T.R.E. (1977). Habitat, the template for ecological strategies? J. Anim. Ecol., 46, 337–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenseth, N.C. (1983). Causes and consequences of dispersal in small mammals. In The Ecology of Animal Movements, ed. I. Swingland & P. Greenwood. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 63–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, S.K. (1988). Managing second-growth forests as caribou habitat. Proc. 5th int. Reindeer/Caribou Symp., Arvidsjaur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddart, D.M. (1970). Individual range, dispersion and dispersal in a population of the water vole Arvicola terrestris (L.). J. Anim. Ecol., 39, 403–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szacki, J. (1987). Ecological corridor as a factor determining the structure and organization of a bank vole population. Acta Theriol., 32, 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tast, J. (1966). The root vole, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas), as an inhabitant of seasonally flooded land. Ann. Zool. Fennici, 3, 127–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, K.D. & Quy, R.J. (1978). Long distance movements by a common rat (Rattus norvegicus) revealed by radio-tracking. Mammalia, 42, 63–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, L.R. (1986). The four kinds of migration. In Insect Flight. Dispersal and Migration, ed. W. Danthanarayana. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 265–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, L.R. & Taylor, R.A.J. (1983). Insect migration as a paradigm for survival by movement. In The Ecology of Animal Movement, ed. I.R. Swingland & P.J. Greenwood. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 181–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tegelström, H. & Hansson, L. (1987). Evidence of long-distance dispersal in the common shrew (Sorex araneus). Z. Säugetierk., 52, 52–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, F.A. & Urquhart, N.A. (1978). Autumnal migration routes of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L., Danaidae: Lepidoptera) in North America to the overwintering site in the neo-volcanic plateau of Mexico. Can. J. Zool., 56, 1759–1764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, F.A. & Urquhart, N.A. (1979). Vernal migration of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus, Lepidoptera; Danaidae) in North America from the overwintering site in the neo-volcanic plateau of Mexico. Can. Entomol., 111, 15–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, M.A. (1981). Chemically mediated interactions among mosses as possible determinants of their community structure. J. Chem. Ecol., 7, 367–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C.B. (1958). Insect Migration. Collins, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R. (1982). Population ecology of bryophytes. J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 52, 179–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zanten, B.O. (1978). Experimental studies on trans-oceanic long-range dispersal of moss spores in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 44, 455–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zanten, B.O. & Pócz, T. (1981). Distribution and dispersal of bryophytes. Adv. Bryol., 1, 479–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zackrisson, O. (1977). Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forest. Oikos, 29, 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wildlife Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S–750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Lennart Hansson

  2. Department of Plant Ecology, University of Umeå, S–901 83, Umeå, Sweden

    Lars Söderström

  3. Department of Plant and Forest Protection, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S– 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Christer Solbreck

Authors
  1. Lennart Hansson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lars Söderström
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christer Solbreck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wildlife Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

    Lennart Hansson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hansson, L., Söderström, L., Solbreck, C. (1992). The Ecology of Dispersal in Relation to Conservation. In: Hansson, L. (eds) Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation. Conservation Ecology Series: Principles, Practices and Management. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3524-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3524-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-85166-718-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3524-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation