Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Influence of Tropical Biomass Burning on Climate and the Atmospheric Environment

  • Chapter
Biogeochemistry of Global Change

Abstract

This chapter presents a review of the historical, economic, and environmental aspects of biomass burning. The use and extent of biomass burning in agriculture and various economic activities and its geographical distribution are outlined. The resulting emissions of gases and aerosols to the atmosphere are estimated based on field and laboratory measurements. Chemical processes in the emission plumes and their atmospheric transport on the regional to global scale are evaluated. The impact of the emissions from biomass burning on climate and the environment is shown to be, in many respects, of a magnitude comparable to the effects of the emissions from fossil fuel combustion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson, I.C., J.S. Levine, M.A. Poth, and P.J. Riggan. 1988. Enhanced biogenic emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide following surface biomass burning. J. Geophys. Res. 93:3893–3898.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, I.C., and M.A. Poth. 1989. Semiannual losses of nitrogen as NO and N2O from unburned and burned chaparral. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 3:121–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Andreae, M.O. 1983. Soot carbon and excess fine potassium: Long-range transport of combustion-derived aerosols. Science 220:1148–1151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Andreae, M.O. 1990. Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the global biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Marine Chem. 30:1–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Andreae, M.O., B.E. Anderson, J.E. Collins, G.L. Gregory, G.W. Sachse, J.D. Bradshaw, D.D. Davis, V.W.J.H. Kirchhoff, and R.B. Chatfield. 1992. Influence of plumes from biomass burning on atmospheric chemistry over the equatorial Atlantic during CITE-3. J. Geophys. Res. (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Andreae, M.O., and T.W. Andreae. 1988. The cycle of biogenic sulfur compounds over the Amazon Basin. I. Dry season. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1487–1497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Andreae, M.O., T.W. Andreae, R.J. Ferek, and H. Raemdonck. 1984. Long-range transport of soot carbon in the marine atmosphere. Science of the Total Environment 36:73–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Andreae, M.O., E.V. Browell, M. Garstang, G.L. Gregory, R.C. Harriss, G.F. Hill, D.J. Jacob, M.C. Pereira, G.W. Sachse, A.W. Setzer, P.L. Silva Dias, R.W. Talbot, A.L. Torres, and S.C. Wofsy. 1988a. Biomass-burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1509–1527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Andreae, M.O., A. Chapuis, B. Cros, J. Fontan, G. Helas, C. Justice, Y.J. Kaufman, A. Minga, and D. Nganga. 1992. Ozone and Aitken nuclei over equatorial Africa: Airborne observations during DECAFE 88. J. Geophys. Res. 97: 6137–6148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Andreae, M.O., A.C. Delany, S. Liu, J. Logan, L.P. Steele, H. Westberg, and R. Zika. 1989. Key aspects of species related to global biogeochemical cycles. In D.H. Lenschow and B.B. Hicks (eds.), Global Tropospheric Chemistry: Chemical Fluxes in the Global Atmosphere, NCAR, Boulder, CO, pp. 9–29.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Andreae, M.O., R.W. Talbot, T.W. Andreae, and R.C. Harriss. 1988b. Formic and acetic acid over the central Amazon region, Brazil. I. Dry Season. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1616–1624.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Andreae, M.O., R.W. Talbot, H. Berresheim, and K.M. Beecher. 1990. Precipitation chemistry in central Amazonia. J. Geophys. Res. 95:16987–16999.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ayers, G.P., and R.W. Gillett. 1988. Acidification in Australia. In H. Rodhe and R. Herrera (eds.), Acidification in Tropical Countries (SCOPE 36), J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 347–400.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ayres, R.U., L.W. Ayres, and J.A. Tarr. 1987. An Historical Reconstruction of Major Atmospheric Gaseous Emissions in the U.S., 1880–1980. Final Report prepared for Resources of the Future, Inc., by Variflex Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Baker, H.G., K.S. Bawa, G.W. Frankie, and P.A. Opler. 1983. Reproductive biology of plants in tropical forests. In F.B. Golley (ed.), Ecosystems of the World 14A, Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 183–215.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Barnard, G.W. 1990. Use of agricultural residues as fuel. In J. Pasztor and L.A. Kristoferson (eds.), Bioenergy and the Environment, Westview, Boulder, CO, 410 p.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Barrie, L.A., and J.M. Hales. 1984. The spatial distributions of precipitation acidity and major ion wet deposition in North America during 1980. Tellus 36B: 333–355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Betancourt, J.L., T.W. Swetnam, S.W. Leavitt, and D.R. Cayan. 1992. Interannual variation in global wildfire activity and its relevance to the global carbon budget. In R.S. Oremland (ed.), The Biogeochemistry of Global Change: Radiative Trace Gases, Chapman & Hall, New York (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bilsborrow, R.E., and P.F. DeLargy. 1991. Land use, migration and natural resource deterioration: The experience of Guatemala and the Sudan. In K. Davis and M.S. Bernstam (eds.), Resources, Environment, and Population: Present Knowledge, Future Options, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 125–147.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bingemer, H.G., M.O. Andreae, T.W. Andreae, P. Artaxo, G. Helas, D.J. Jacob, N. Mihalopoulos, and B.C. Nguyen. 1992. Sulfur gases and aerosols in and above the equatorial African rainforest. J. Geophys. Res. 97:6207–6217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bolin, B., B.R. Döös, J. Jäger, and R.A. Warrick. 1986. The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems (SCOPE 29), J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bolle, H.-J., W. Seiler, and B. Bolin. 1986. Other greenhouse gases and aerosols: Assessing their role for atmospheric radiative transfer. In B. Bolin, B.R. Döös, J. Jäger, and R.A. Warrick (eds.), The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems (SCOPE 29), J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 157–203.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bormann, F.H. 1985. Air pollution and forests: An ecosystem perspective. Bioscience 35:434–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bowen, H.J.M. 1979. Environmental Chemistry of the Elements, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Brasseur, G.P., C. Granier, and S. Walters. 1990. Future changes in stratospheric ozone and the role of heterogeneous chemistry. Nature 348:626–628.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Brown, A.P., and K.P. Davis. 1973. Forest Fire, Control and Use, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Brown, S., A.J.R. Gillespie, and A. Lugo. 1989. Biomass estimation methods for tropical forests with applications to forest inventory data. Forest Science 35:881.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Brown, S., and A.E. Lugo. 1984. Biomass of tropical forests: A new estimate based on forest volumes. Science 223:1290–1293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cachier, H., M.-P. Brémond, and P. Buat-Ménard. 1989. Carbonaceous aerosols from different tropical biomass burning sources. Nature 340:371–373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cachier, H., and J. Ducret. 1991. Influence of biomass burning on equatorial African rains. Nature 352:228–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chatfield, R.B., and A.C. Delany. 1990. Convection links biomass burning to increased tropical ozone; However, models will tend to overpredict 03. J. Geophys. Res. 95:18473–18488.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cheney, N.P., R.J. Raison, and P.H. Khanna. 1980. Release of carbon to the atmosphere in Australian vegetation fires. In G.I. Pearman (ed.), Carbon Dioxide and Climate: Australian Research, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cicerone, R.J., and R.S. Oremland. 1988. Biogeochemical aspects of atmospheric methane. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2:299–327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Cofer, W.R., III, J.S. Levine, D.I. Sebacher, E.L. Winstead, P.J. Riggan, J.A. Brass, and V.G. Ambrosia. 1988. Particulate emissions from a mid-latitude prescribed chaparral fire. J. Geophys. Res. 93:5207–5212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cofer, W.R., III, J.S. Levine, D.I. Sebacher, E.L. Winstead, P.J. Riggan, B.J. Stocks, J.A. Brass, V.G. Ambrosia, and P.J. Boston. 1989. Trace gas emissions from chaparral and boreal forest fires. J. Geophys. Res. 94:2255–2259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cofer, W.R., III, J.S. Levine, E.L. Winstead, P.J. LeBel, A.M. Koller, Jr., and C.R. Hinkle. 1990. Trace gas emissions from burning Florida wetlands. J. Geophys. Res. 95:1865–1870.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Cofer, W.R., III, J.S. Levine, E.L. Winstead, and B.J. Stocks. 1991. New estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from biomass burning. Nature 349:689–691.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Comery, J.A. 1981. Ph.D. thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cros, B., R. Delmas, B. Clairac, J. Loemba-Ndembi, and J. Fontan. 1987. Survey of ozone concentrations in an equatorial region during the rainy season. J. Geophys. Res. 92:9772–9778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cros, B., R. Delmas, D. Nganga, B. Clairac, and J. Fontan. 1988. Seasonal trends of ozone in equatorial Africa: Experimental evidence of photochemical formation. J. Geophys. Res. 93:8355–8366.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Crutzen, P.J. 1987. The role of the tropics in atmospheric chemistry. In R.E. Dickinson (ed.), The Geophysiology of Amazonia, J. Wiley, New York, pp. 107–130.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Crutzen, P.J. 1988. Tropospheric Ozone: An Overview. In I.S.A. Isaksen (ed.), Tropospheric Ozone, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 3–32.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  43. Crutzen, P.J., and M.O. Andreae. 1990. Biomass burning in the tropics: Impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 250:1669–1678.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Crutzen, P.J., A.C. Delany, J.P. Greenberg, P. Haagenson, L. Heidt, R. Lueb, W. Pollock, W. Seiler, A.F. Wartburg, and P.R. Zimmerman. 1985. Tropospheric chemical composition measurements in Brazil during the dry season. J. Atmos. Chem. 2:233–256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Crutzen, P.J., L.E. Heidt, J.P. Krasnec, W.H. Pollock, and W. Seiler. 1979. Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases CO, H2,N2O, NO, CH3C1, and COS. Nature 282:253–256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. De Angelis, D.G., D.S. Ruffin, J.A. Peters, and R.B. Reznik. 1980. Source Assessment: Residential Combustion of Wood, EPA-600/2–80–042b. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Delany, A.C., P. Haagensen, S. Walters, A.F. Wartburg, and P.J. Crutzen. 1985. Photochemically produced ozone in the emission from large-scale tropical vegetation fires. J. Geophys. Res. 90:2425–2429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Delmas, R. 1982. On the emission of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in the atmosphere during bushfires in intertropical savannah zones. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9: 761–764.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Delmas, R.A., A. Marenco, J.P. Tathy, B. Cros, and J.G.R. Baudet. 1991. Sources and sinks of methane in the African savanna. CH4 emissions from biomass burning. J. Geophys. Res. 96:7287–7299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Detwiler, R.P., and C.A.S. Hall. 1988. Tropical forests and the global carbon cycle. Science 239:42–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Detwiler, R.P., C.A.S. Hall, and P. Bogdonoff. 1985. Land use change and carbon exchange in the tropics: II. Estimates for the entire region. Environmental Management 9:335–344.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Deutscher Bundestag. 1990. Protecting the Tropical Forests: A High-Priority International Task. Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Duce, R.A. 1978. Speculations on the budget of particulate and vapor phase nonmethane organic carbon in the global troposphere. Pure Appl. Geophys. 116: 244–273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Désalmand, F. 1987. Observations of CCN concentrations south of the Sahara during a dust haze. Atmos. Res. 21:13–28.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Désalmand, F., J. Baudet, and R. Serpolay. 1982. Influence of rainfall on the seasonal variations of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations in a sub-equatorial climate. J. Atmos. Sci. 39:2076–2082.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Eagan, R.C., P.V. Hobbs, and L.F. Radke. 1974. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet size distributions in the vicinity of forest fires. J. Appl. Meteorol. 13:553–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Ehhalt, D.H., J. Rudolph, and U. Schmidt. 1986. On the importance of light hydrocarbons in multiphase atmospheric systems. In W. Jaeschke (ed.), Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 321–350.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  58. Einfeld, W., D.E. Ward, and C.C. Hardy. 1991. Effects of fire behavior on prescribed fire smoke characteristics: A case study. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 412–419.

    Google Scholar 

  59. FAO. 1986. FAO Production Yearbook 1985, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  60. FAO. 1989. Yearbook of Forest Products 1987 (1976–1987), Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Fearnside, P.M. 1985. Burn quality prediction for simulation of the agricultural system of Brazil’s Transamazon Highway colonists for estimating human carrying capacity. In G.V. Govil (ed.), Ecology and Resource Management in the Tropics, International Society for Tropical Ecology, Varanasi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Fearnside, P.M. 1990. Fire in the tropical rain forest of the Amazon Basin. In J. Goldammer (ed.), Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 106–116.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  63. Fearnside, P.M., M. Keller, N.L. Filho, and F.M. Fernandes. 1989. Rainforest burning and the global carbon budget: Biomass, combustion efficiency and charcoal formation in the Brazilian Amazon. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Fishman, J. 1988. Tropospheric ozone from satellite total ozone measurements. In I.S.A. Isaksen (ed.), Tropospheric Ozone: Regional and Global Scale Interactions, Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 111–123.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  65. Fishman, J., and J.C. Larsen. 1987. The distribution of total ozone and stratospheric ozone in the tropics: Implications for the distribution of tropospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res. 92:6627–6634.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Fishman, J., C.E. Watson, J.C. Larsen, and J.A. Logan. 1990. Distribution of tropospheric ozone determined from satellite data. J. Geophys. Res. 95:3599–3617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Galloway, J.N., G.E. Likens, W.C. Keene, and J.M. Miller. 1982. The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world. J. Geophys. Res. 87:8771–8786.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Goldammer, J.G. 1988. Rural land-use and wildland fires in the tropics. Agro-forestry Systems 6:235–252.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Goreau, T.J., and W.Z. de Mello. 1988. Tropical deforestation: Some effects on atmospheric chemistry. Ambio 17:275–281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Greenberg, J.P., P.R. Zimmerman, L. Heidt, and W. Pollock. 1984. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions from biomass burning in Brazil. J. Geophys. Res. 89:1350–1354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Gregory, G.L., E.V. Browell, L.S. Warren, and C.H. Hudgins. 1990. Amazon Basin ozone and aerosol: Wet-season observations. J. Geophys. Res. 95:16903–16912.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Griffith, D.W.T., W.G. Mankin, M.T. Coffey, D.E. Ward, and A. Riebau. 1991. FTIR remote sensing of biomass burning emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, CH2O, NO, NO2, NH3, and N2O. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 230–239.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Hallett, J., J.G. Hudson, and C.F. Rogers. 1989. Characterization of combustion aerosols for haze and cloud formation. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 10:70–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hao, W.-M., M.-H. Liu, and P.J. Crutzen. 1990. Estimates of annual and regional releases of CO2 and other trace gases to the atmosphere from fires in the tropics, based on the FAO statistics for the period 1975–1980. In J.G. Goldammer (ed.), Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 440–462.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  75. Hegg, D.A., L.F. Radke, P.V. Hobbs, C.A. Brock, and P.J. Riggan. 1987. Nitrogen and sulfur emissions from the burning of forest products near large urban areas. J. Geophys. Res. 92:14701–14709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Hegg, D.A., L.F. Radke, P.V. Hobbs, R.A. Rasmussen, and P.J. Riggan. 1990. Emissions of some trace gases from biomass fires. J. Geophys. Res. 95:5669–5675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Hegg, D.A., L.F. Radke, P.V. Hobbs, and P.J. Riggan. 1988. Ammonia emissions from biomass burning. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15:335–337.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Heinselmann, M.L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Res. 3:329–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Helas, G., H. Bingemer, and M.O. Andreae. 1992. Organic acids over equatorial Africa: Results from DECAFE 88. J. Geophys. Res. 97:6187–6193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Hobbs, N.T., D.S. Schimel, C.E. Owensby, and D.S. Ojima. 1991. Fire and grazing in the tallgrass prairie: Contingent effects on nitrogen budgets. Ecology 72:1374–1382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Hofmann, D.J., and S. Solomon. 1989. Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichón. J. Geophys. Res. 94:5029–5041.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Houghton, R.A. 1991. Tropical deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climatic Change 19:99–118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Houghton, R.A., R.D. Boone, J.M. Melillo, C.A. Palm, G.M. Woodwell, N. Myers, B. Moore, III, and D.L. Skole. 1985. Net flux of carbon dioxide from tropical forests in 1980. Nature 316:617–620.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. James, S.R. 1989. Hominid use of fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A review of the evidence. Current Anthropology 30:1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Johansson, C., H. Rodhe, and E. Sanhueza. 1988. Emission of NO in a tropical savannah and a cloud forest during the dry season. J. Geophys. Res. 93:7180–7192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Jones, R. 1979. The fifth continent: problems concerning human colonisation of Australia. Ann. Rev. Anthropology 8:445–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Joshi, V. 1991. Biomass burning in India. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 185–193.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Kaufman, Y.J., C.J. Tucker, and I. Fung. 1990. Remote sensing of biomass burning in the tropics. J. Geophys. Res. 95:9927–9939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Keller, M., D.J. Jacob, S.C. Wofsy, and R.C. Harriss. 1991. Effects of tropical deforestation on global and regional atmospheric chemistry. Climatic Change 19: 139–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Khalil, M.A.K., and R.A. Rasmussen. 1984. Global sources, lifetimes and mass balances of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) in the earth’s atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 18:1805–1813.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kilgore, B.M., and D. Taylor. 1979. Fire history of a sequoia-mixed conifer forest. Ecology 60:129–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Kirchhoff, V.W.J.H., I.M.O. daSilva, and E.V. Browell. 1990. Ozone measurements in Amazonia: Dry season versus wet season. J. Geophys. Res. 95:16913–16926.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kirchhoff, V.W.J.H., E.V.A. Marinho, P.L.S. Dias, R. Calheiros, R. Andre, and C. Volpe. 1989. 03 and CO from burning sugar cane. Nature 339:264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kirchhoff, V.W.J.H., and C.A. Nobre. 1986. Atmospheric chemistry research in Brazil: Ozone measurements at Natal, Manaus, and Cuiabá. Revista Geofisica 24:95–108.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Kirchhoff, V.W.J.H., and R.A. Rasmussen. 1990. Time variations of CO and 03 concentrations in a region subject to biomass burning J Geophys. Res. 95: 7521–7532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Kuhlbusch, T.A., J.M. Lobert, P.J. Crutzen, and P. Warneck. 1991. Molecular nitrogen emissions from denitrification during biomass burning. Nature 351:135–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Lacaux, J.P., R. Delmas, G. Kouadio, B. Cros, and M.O. Andreae. 1992. Precipitation chemistry in the Mayombe Forest of equatorial Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 97:6195–6206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Lacaux, J.P., J. Servant, and J.G.R. Baudet. 1987. Acid rain in the tropical forests of the Ivory Coast. Atmos. Environ. 21:2643–2647.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Lacaux, J.P., J. Servant, M.L. Huertas, B. Cros, R. Delmas, J. Loemba-Ndembi, and M.O. Andreae. 1988. Precipitation chemistry from remote sites in the African equatorial forest. Eos Trans. AGU 69:1069.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Lacey, C.J., J. Walker, and I.R. Noble. 1982. Fire in Australian tropical savannas. In B.J. Huntley and B.H. Walker (eds.), Ecology of Tropical Savannas, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 246–272.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  101. Langkamp, P.J., and M.J. Dalling. 1983. Nutrient cycling in a stand of Acacia holoserica. Aust. J. Bot. 31:141–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lanly, J.P. 1982. Tropical forest resources. FAO Forestry Paper No. 30. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Lanly, J.P. 1985. Defining and measuring shifting cultivation. Unasylva 37:17–21

    Google Scholar 

  104. Lean, J., and D.A. Warrilow. 1989. Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation. Nature 342:411–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Levine, J.S., W.R. Cofer, III, D.I. Sebacher, R.P. Rhinehart, E.L. Winstead, S. Sebacher, C.R. Hinkle, P.A. Schmalzer, and A.M. Koller, Jr. 1990. The effect of fire on biogenic emissions of methane and nitric oxide from wetlands. J. Geophys. Res. 95:1853–1864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Levine, J.S., W.R. Cofer, III, D.I. Sebacher, E.L. Winstead, S. Sebacher, and P.J. Boston. 1988. The effects of fire on biogenic soil emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2:445–449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Li, J.-N. 1991. Population effects on deforestation and soil erosion in China. In K. Davis and M.S. Bernstam (eds.), Resources, Environment, and Population: Present Knowledge, Future Options, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 254–258.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Likens, G.E., F.H. Bormann, R.S. Pierce, J.S. Eaton, and R.E. Munn. 1984. Long-term trends in precipitation chemistry at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire. Atmos. Environ. 18:2641–2647.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Lobert, J.M. 1989. Verbrennung pflanzlicher Biomasse als Quelle atmosphärischer Spurengase: Cyanoverbindungen, CO, CO2 und NOS. Ph.D. thesis, Mainz, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Lobert, J.M., D.H. Scharffe, W.M. Hao, T.A. Kuhlbusch, R. Seuwen, P. Warneck, and P.J. Crutzen. 1991. Experimental evaluation of biomass burning emissions: Nitrogen and carbon containing compounds. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 289–304.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Logan, J.A. 1983. Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: Global and regional budgets. J. Geophys. Res. 88:10785–10807.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Logan, J.A. 1985. Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence. J. Geophys. Res. 90:10463–10482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Logan, J.A., and V.W.J.H. Kirchhoff. 1986. Seasonal variations of tropospheric ozone at Natal, Brazil. J. Geophys. Res. 91:7875–7881.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Luizäo, F., P.A. Matson, G.P. Livingston, R. Luizäo, and P.M. Vitousek. 1989. Nitrous oxide flux following tropical land clearing. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 3:281–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Matson, P.A., P.M. Vitousek, G.P. Livingston, and N.A. Swanberg. 1988. Nitrous oxide flux from Amazon ecosystems: Fertility and disturbance effects. Eos Trans. AGU 69:320.

    Google Scholar 

  116. McDowell, W.H. 1988. Potential effects of acid deposition on tropical terrestrial ecosystems. In H. Rodhe and R. Herrera (eds.), Acidification in tropical countries, J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 117–139.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Menaut, J.-C. 1983. The vegetation of African savannas. In F. Bourliere (ed.), Ecosystems of the World 13: Tropical Savannas, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 109–149.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Menaut, J.-C., L. Abbadie, F. Lavenu, P. Loudjani, and A. Podaire. 1991. Biomass burning in West African savannas. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 133–142.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Miner, S. 1969. Preliminary air pollution survey of ammonia, Report APTD69–25. National Air Pollution Control Administration, Raleigh, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Myers, N. 1980. Conversion of Tropical Moist Forests, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Myers, N. 1989. Deforestation Rates in Tropical Forests and their Climatic Implications, Friends of the Earth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Oppenheimer, M. 1987. Stratospheric sulphate production and the photochemistry of the Antarctic circumpolar vortex. Nature 328:702–704.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Patterson, E.M., and C.K. McMahon. 1984. Absorption characteristics of forest fire particulate matter. Atmos. Environ. 18:2541–2551.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Penner, J.E., S.J. Ghan, and J.J. Walton. 1991. The role of biomass burning in the budget and cycle of carbonaceous soot aerosols and their climate impact. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 387–393.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Peterson, J.T., and C.E. Junge. 1971. Sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere. In W.H. Matthews, W.W. Kellogg, and G.D. Robinson (eds.), Man’s Impact on the Climate, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 310–320.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Pyne, S.J. 1982. Fire in America: A Culture History of Wildland and Rural Fire, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NI.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Pyne, S.J. 1991. Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia, Henry Holt and Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Radke, L.F., D.A. Hegg, J.H. Lyons, C.A. Brock, P.V. Hobbs, R. Weiss, and R. Rasmussen. 1988. Airborne measurements on smokes from biomass burning. In P.V. Hobbs and M.P. McCormick (eds.), Aerosols and Climate, A. Deepak Publishing, pp. 411–422.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Radke, L.F., J.L. Stith, D.A. Hegg, and P.V. Hobbs. 1978. Airborne studies of particles and gases from forest fires. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 28:30–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Ramanathan, V., R.J. Cicerone, H.B. Singh, and J.T. Kiehl. 1985. Trace gas trends and their potential role in climate change. J. Geophys. Res. 90:5547–5566.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Rasmussen, R.A., L.E. Rasmussen, M.A.K. Khalil, and R.W. Dalluge. 1980. Concentration distribution of methyl chloride in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 85:7350–7356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Reichle, H.G., Jr., V.S. Conners, J.A. Holland, W.D. Hypes, H.A. Wallio, J.C. Casas, B.B. Gormsen, M.S. Saylor, and W.D. Hasketh. 1986. Middle and upper tropospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratios as measured by a satellite borne remote sensor during November 1981. J. Geophys. Res. 91:10865–10888.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Reichle, H.G., Jr., V.S. Connors, J.A. Holland, R.T. Sherrill, H.A. Wallio, J.C. Casas, E.P. Condon, B.B. Gormsen, and W. Seiler. 1990. The distribution of middle tropospheric carbon monoxide during early October 1984. J. Geophys. Res. 95:9845–9856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Robertson, G.P., and J.M. Tiedje. 1988. Deforestation alters denitrification in a lowland tropical rain forest. Nature 336:756–759.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Robock, A. 1988. Enhancement of surface cooling due to forest fire smoke. Science 242:911–913.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Robock, A. 1991. Surface cooling due to smoke from biomass burning. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 463–476.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Rogers, C.F., J.G. Hudson, B. Zielinska, R.L. Tanner, J. Hallett, and J.G. Watson. 1991. Cloud condensation nuclei from biomass burning. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 431–438.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Rosswall, T. 1981. The biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. In G.E. Likens (ed.), Some Perspectives of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles (SCOPE 17), J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 25–50.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Sanborn, P.T., and T.M. Ballard. 1991. Combustion losses of sulphur from conifer foliage: Implications of chemical form and soil nitrogen status. Biogeochemistry 12:129–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Sanchez, P.A. 1976. Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics, J. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Sanford, R.L., Jr., J. Saldarriaga, K.E. Clark, C. Uhl, and R. Herrera. 1985. Amazon rain-forest fires. Science 227:53–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Sanhueza, E., G. Cuenca, M.J. Gomez, R. Herrera, C. Ishizaki, I. Marti, and J. Paolini. 1988. Characterization of the Venezuelan environment and its potential for acidification. In H. Rodhe and R. Herrera (eds.), Acidification in Tropical Countries (SCOPE 36), J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 197–225.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Sanhueza, E., W. Elbert, A. Rondon, M. Corina Arias, and M. Hermoso. 1989. Organic and inorganic acids in rain from a remote site of the Venezuelan savannah. Tellus 41B:170–176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Sanhueza, E., W.M. Hao, D. Scharffe, L. Donoso, and P.J. Crutzen. 1990. N2O and NO emissions from soils of the northern part of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela. J. Geophys. Res. 95:22481–22488.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Sarmiento, G., and M. Monasterio. 1975. A critical consideration of the environmental conditions associated with the occurrence of savanna ecosystems in tropical America. In F.B. Golley and E. Medina (eds.), Tropical Ecological Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 223–250.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  146. Schmidt, U. 1975. Molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere. Tellus 27:93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. Schüle, W. 1990. Landscapes and climate in prehistory: Interactions of wildlife, man and fire. In J. Goldammer (ed.), Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 273–318.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  148. Scurlock, J.M.O., and D.O. Hall. 1990. The contribution of biomass to global energy use (1987). Biomass 21:75–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Seiler, W., and P.J. Crutzen. 1980. Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Climatic Change 2:207–247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Seiler, W., and J. Fishman. 1981. The distribution of carbon monoxide and ozone in the free troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 86:7255–7266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Setzer, A.W., and M.C. Pereira. 1991. Amazon biomass burnings in 1987 and their tropospheric emissions. Ambio 20:19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Shukla, J., C. Nobre, and P. Sellers. 1990. Amazon deforestation and climate change. Science 247:1322–1325.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Steinhardt, U., and H.W. Fassbender. 1979. Características y composición química de las lluvias de los Andes occidentales de Venezuela. Turrialba 29: 175–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Stott, P.A., J.G. Goldammer, and W.L. Werner. 1990. The role of fire in the tropical lowland deciduous forests of Asia. In J.G. Goldammer (ed.), Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 32–44.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  155. Suman, D.O. 1984. The production and transport of charcoal formed during agricultural burning in central Panama. Interciencia 9:311–313.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Suman, D.O. 1988. The flux of charcoal to the troposphere during the period of agricultural burning in Panama. J. Atmos. Chem. 6:21–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Susott, R.A., D.E. Ward, R.E. Babbitt, D.J. Latham, L.G. Weger, and P.M. Boyd. 1990. Fire Dynamics and Chemistry of Large Fires (Final Report). USDA Forest Service, Missoula, MT.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Swetnam, T.W., and J.L. Betancourt. 1990. Fire-Southern Oscillation relations in the southwestern United States. Science 24:1017–1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Talbot, R.W., K.M. Beecher, R.C. Harriss, and W.R. Cofer, III. 1988. Atmospheric geochemistry of formic and acetic acids at a mid-latitude temperate site. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1638–1652.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Tande, G.F. 1979. Fire history and vegetation pattern of coniferous forests in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. Canadian J. Botany 57:1912–1931.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  161. Turco, R.P., O.B. Toon, R.C. Whitten, J.B. Pollack, and P. Hamill 1983. The global cycle of particulate elemental carbon: A theoretical assessment. In H.R. Pruppacher, R.G. Semonin, and W.G.N. Slinn (eds.), Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension, Elsevier, New York, pp. 1337–1351.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Turner, J., and M.J. Lambert. 1980. Sulfur nutrition in forests. In D.S. Shriner, C.R. Richmond, and S.E. Lindberg (eds.), Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 321–333.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Vitousek, P.M. 1991. Trace gas exchanges in agricultural ecosystems. Paper presented at the 10th International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry, San Francisco, CA, 19–23 August 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Ward, D.E. 1986. Field Scale Measurements of Emission from Open Fires. Technical Paper presented at the Defense Nuclear Agency Global Effects review. Defense Nuclear Agency, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Ward, D.E., and C.C. Hardy. 1991. Smoke emissions from wildland fires. Environ. Internat. 17:117–134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Ward, D.E., C.K. McMahon, and D.F. Adams. 1982. Laboratory measurements of carbonyl sulfide and total sulfur emissions from open burning of forest biomass. Paper presented at the 75th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, New Orleans, LA, 20–25 June 1982, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Ward, D.E., A.W. Setzer, Y.J. Kaufman, and R.A. Rasmussen. 1991. Characteristics of smoke emissions from biomass fires of the Amazon region-BASE-A experiment. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 394–402.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Ward, D.E., R.A. Susott, R.E. Babbitt, and C.C. Hardy. 1990. Properties and concentration of smoke near the ground from biomass field tests. Paper presented at the Symposium on Smoke/Obscurants XIV; 17–19 April 1990, Laurel, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Watson, C.E., J. Fishman, and H.G. Reichle, Jr. 1990. The significance of biomass burning as a source of carbon monoxide and ozone in the Southern Hemisphere tropics: A satellite analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 95:16443–14450.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Whittaker, R.H., and G.E. Likens. 1975. The biosphere and man. In H. Lieth and R. Whittaker (eds.), Primary Productivity of the Biosphere, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 325–328.

    Google Scholar 

  171. WMO. 1985. Atmospheric Ozone. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—Report No. 16. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Wofsy, S.C., G.W. Sachse, G.L. Gregory, D.R. Blake, J.D. Bradshaw, S.T. Sandholm, H.B. Singh, J.A. Barrick, R.C. Harriss, R.W. Talbot, M.A. Shipham, E.V. Browell, D.J. Jacob, and J.A. Logan. 1992. Atmospheric chemistry in the Arctic and Subarctic: Influence of natural fires, industrial emissions, and stratospheric inputs. J. Geophys. Res. 97:16,731–16,746.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Wolbach, W.S., I. Gilmour, E. Anders, C.J. Orth, and R.R. Brooks. 1988. Global fire at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Nature 334:665–669.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Wolbach, W.S., R.S. Lewis, and E. Anders. 1985. Cretaceous extinctions: Evidence for wildfires and search for meteoritic material. Science 230:167–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Wood, C.A., and R. Nelson. 1991. Astronaut observations of global biomass burning. In J.S. Levine (ed.), Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and biospheric Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 29–40.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, D-6500, Germany

    Meinrat O. Andreae

Authors
  1. Meinrat O. Andreae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ISEB, Menlo Park, California, USA

    Ronald S. Oremland (Chairman) (Chairman)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Andreae, M.O. (1993). The Influence of Tropical Biomass Burning on Climate and the Atmospheric Environment. In: Oremland, R.S. (eds) Biogeochemistry of Global Change. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6215-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2812-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation