Abstract
Eye discomfort and related symptoms are universally recognized as frequent problems associated with working on visual display terminals (VDTs). Two independent studies have reported eye discomfort and related symptoms with 25%1 to 88%2 of the population working on VDTs for more than 2 to 3 h per day. The prevalence of eye discomfort when using VDTs is higher than for workers performing similar tasks without VDTuse.3–5
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
C. Salibelo and E. Nilsen. Is there a typical VDT patient? A demographic analysis. J Am Optom Assn. 66:479–83 (1995).
NIOSH publication on video display terminals. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1991.
M.J. Dainoff, A. Happ, and P. Crane. Visual fatigue and occupational stress in VDT operators. Hum Factors 23:421–38 (1981).
M.A. Rossignol, M.E. Pechter, V.M. Summers, and L. Pagnotto. Video display terminal use and reported health symptoms among Massachusetts clerical workers. J Occup Med. 29:112–18 (1987).
M.J. Collins, B. Brown, K.J. Bowman, and D. Caird. Task variables and visual discomfort associated with the use of VDTs. Optom Vis Sci. 68:27–33 (1991).
J.W. Grundy and S.G. Rosenthal. VDUs on site. Ophthal Opt. 22:500–12 (1982).
Harris Poll of 1991 quoted in: D. Branscum, Clear-eyed computing. MAC World 9:69–71 (1992).
J.E. Sheedy. VDTs and vision complaints. A survey. Information Display 8:20–23 (1992).
K. Tsubota and K. Nakomori. Dry eyes and video display terminals. N Engl J Med. 328:584 (1993).
H. Nakaishi and Y. Yamada. Abnormal tear dynamics and symptoms of eyestrain in operators of visual display terminals. Occup Environ Med. 56:6–9 (1999).
G.W. Ousler, P.J. Gomes, HJ. Crampton, and M.B. Abelson. The effects of a lubricant eye drop on the signs and symptoms of computer vision syndrome (CVS) exacerbated in a controlled adverse environment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 40(ARVO Suppl):B722 (1999).
Y. Yaginuma , H. Yamada, and H. Nagai. Study of the relationship between lacrimation and blink in VDT work. Ergonomics 33:799–809 (1990).
S. Patel, R. Henderson, L. Bradley, B. Galloway , and L. Hunter. Effect of visual display unit use on blink rate and tear stability. Optom Vis Sci. 68:888–92 (1991).
K. Nakomori, M. Odawara, T. Nakajima, T. Mizutani, and K. Tsubota. Blinking is controlled primarily by ocular surface conditions. Am J Ophthalmol. 124:24–30 (1997).
M. Collins , R. Seeto, L. Campbell, M. Ross. Blinking and corneal sensitivity. Acta Ophthalmol. 67:525–31 (1989).
E. Lowenstein. VDT users: improve comfort with the blink of an eye. Cambridge, MA: Polymer Technology Corporation (1988).
D.R. Korb, J.V. Greiner, T. Glonek, R. Esbah, V.M. Finnemore, and A.C. Whalen. The effect of periocular humidity on the tear film lipid layer. Cornea 15:129–34 (1996).
D.R. Korb, D.F. Baron, J.P. Herman, V.F. Finnemore, J.M. Exford, J.L. Hermosa, CD. Leahy, T. Glonek, J.V. Greiner. Tear film lipid layer thickness as a function of blinking. Cornea 13:354–9 (1994).
J.P. McCulley and G.P Sciallis. Meibomian keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 84:788–93 (1977).
D.R. Korb and J.V. Greiner. Increase in tear film lipid layer thickness following treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, in: Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndrome, D.A. Sullivan DA, ed., Plenum Press, New York (1994).
F. Flynn and A. Schulmeister. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and new techniques on its management. Med J Australia 1:33–41 (1967).
F. Flynn and A. Schulmeister. An improved tear-conserving goggle attachment. Med J Australia 2:170 (1968).
R.H. Poirier, M.F. Ryburn, and C.W. Israel. Swimmer’s goggles for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arch Ophthalmol. 95:1405–6 (1977).
K. Tsubota, M. Yamada, and K. Urayama. Spectacle side panels and moist inserts for the treatment of dry eye patients. Cornea 13:197–201 (1994).
K. Tsubota, S. Hata, Y. Okusawa, F. Egami, T. Ohtsuki, and K. Nakamori. Quantitative video graphic analysis of blinking in normal subjects and patients with dry eye. Arch Ophthalmol. 114:715–20 (1996).
E. Ponder and W.P. Kennedy. On the act of blinking. Q J Exp Physiol. 18:89–110 (1927).
D.R. Korb and J.M. Exford. The effect of high humidity on the blink rate. Optom Vis Sci. 77(Suppl):266 (2000).
M.C. Acosta, J. Gallar, and C. Belmonte. The influence of eye solutions on blinking and ocular comfort at rest and during work at video display terminals. Exp Eye Res. 68:663–9 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Korb, D.R. (2002). Alleviation of Computer-Induced Eye Discomfort Syndrome and Associated Lipid Layer Changes. In: Sullivan, D.A., Stern, M.E., Tsubota, K., Dartt, D.A., Sullivan, R.M., Bromberg, B.B. (eds) Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 3. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 506. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_70
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_70
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5208-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0717-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive