Abstract
The “legitimation crisis” (Habermas, 1975) that has enveloped the state and large-scale corporate enterprise in recent years has prompted a search for alternatives among political leaders and community activists in many parts of the world. A useful byproduct of this search has been the discovery, or rediscovery, of an alternative social force (Touraine, 1988), the spontaneous self-organization of individuals in pursuit of collective goals, epitomized by the growth of nonprofit organizations and by the popular social movements that have characterized the 20th century, including the suffragists, Gandhism, Liberation Theology, the Civil Rights movement, the antiapartheid, antiwar, feminist, and environmental movements, “Solidarnnosc,” and recently the protest movement against the negative aspects of globalization.
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Salamon, L.M., Sokolowski, S.W. (2003). Institutional Roots of Volunteering. In: Dekker, P., Halman, L. (eds) The Values of Volunteering. Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0145-9_5
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