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Cellular Mechanisms in Nanomaterial Internalization, Intracellular Trafficking, and Toxicity

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Nanotoxicology

Part of the book series: Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology ((NANOMED))

Abstract

Nanomaterials are expected to have a significant impact on medicine, although they still need to overcome several challenges before they are widely used. Understanding the molecular interaction of nanomaterials in the context of the cellular environment is crucial for the success of nanomaterials. Therefore, mechanisms responsible for nanomaterial internalization have attracted great attention in the scientific community. These mechanisms greatly impact intracellular trafficking and cellular processing of nanomaterials. Here we discuss the major endocytic pathways by which nanomaterials can be internalized by cells, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and clathrin- and caveolae-independent endocytosis. In addition, intracellular routing, metabolism of nanomaterials, and undesirable effects of nanotoxicology are discussed. Finally, the role of in vitro studies to evaluate the potential toxic effects of nanomaterials was critically analyzed.

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Acknowledgment

Support from FAPESP, CNPq, and Brazilian Network on Nanotoxicology (MCTI/CNPq) and NanoBioss (MCTI) are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil

    Marcelo Bispo de Jesus

  2. Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yvonne L. Kapila

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  1. Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
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  2. Yvonne L. Kapila
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Correspondence to Marcelo Bispo de Jesus .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Nelson Durán

  2. Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Silvia S. Guterres

  3. Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Oswaldo L. Alves

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de Jesus, M.B., Kapila, Y.L. (2014). Cellular Mechanisms in Nanomaterial Internalization, Intracellular Trafficking, and Toxicity. In: Durán, N., Guterres, S., Alves, O. (eds) Nanotoxicology. Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_9

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