Skip to main content

Gender and Immigration: Reflections on Research and Policy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gender Roles in Immigrant Families

Part of the book series: Advances in Immigrant Family Research ((ADIMFAMRES))

Abstract

Several themes which emerged from the preceding chapters are highlighted including the central message: to fully understand the immigration process and to develop social policies, gender of both adults and children needs to be incorporated into future studies in this area. The heterogeneity of immigrants may follow different paths, and gender may play critical roles in decisions to leave and return to their country of origin. Changes in the sociohistorical context have led to shifts in family roles and have challenged the stereotypes of traditional gender roles. The richness of methodological approaches provides meaningful description and advances our insights about process. The future challenge is to incorporate advances in the biology of gender with the role of culture in order to provide a comprehensive account of the way gender moderates the immigration process. Finally, gender of both adults and children needs to be recognized by policy makers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Avila, E. (2008). Transnational motherhood and fatherhood: Gendered challenges and coping. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, J., & Fleming, A. S. (2011). Annual research review: All mothers are not created equal: Neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 368–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., & Sebatier, C. (2011). The acculturation and adaptation of second generation immigrant youth in Toronto and Montreal. In S. S. Chuang & R. P. Moreno (Eds.), Immigrant children: Change, adaptation, and cultural transformation (pp. 125–148). Lanham, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, M. H. (2012). Mother-infant attunement: A multilevel approach via body, brain, and behavior. In M. Legerstee, D. Haley, & M. H. Bornstein (Eds.), The developing infant mind: Integrating biology and experience. New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buriel, R., Love, J. A., & De Ment, T. L. (2006). The relation of language brokering to depression and parent–child bonding among Latino adolescents. In M. H. Bornstein & L. R. Cote (Eds.), Acculturation and parent–child relationships: Measurement and development (pp. 249–270). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, L. M., Garrett-Peters, R., & Eason, J. (2011). Morality, identity, and mental health in rural ghettos. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, N.J., Shannon, J. D., & Jolley-Mitchell, S. (2013). Coparenting in Latino families. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, C. S., & Altemus, M. (1997). Integrative functions of lactational hormones in social behavior and stress management. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 807, 164–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, R. (2006). The prevalence and consequences of adolescents’ language brokering for their immigrant parents. In M. H. Bornstein & L. R. Cote (Eds.), Acculturation and parent–child relationships: Measurement and development (pp. 271–296). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, S. S. (2013). Roles and responsibility: A critical exploration of Chinese fathers in Canada and China. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, S. S., & Moreno, R. P. (Eds.). (2008). On new shores: Understanding immigrant fathers in North America. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, S. S., Moreno, R. P. (Eds.) (2011). Immigrant children: Change, adaptation, and cultural transformation. Lanham, MD; Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltrane, S., & Adams, M. (2008). Gender and families (Gender lens series 2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, C. R. (1999). Cultural perspectives on individuality and connectedness in adolescent development. In A. S. Masten (Ed.), Cultural processes in child development (Vol. 29, pp. 25–57). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crockett, L. J., & Russell, S. T. (2013). Latino adolescents’ understandings of parent-adolescent relationships: Common themes and subtle differences. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreby, J. (2010). Divided by borders: Mexican immigrants and their children. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumka, L., Gonsalves, N., McClain, D. D., & Millsap, R. E. (2013). Family, culture, gender and Mexican American adolescents’ academic success. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, G. (2012). Give us this day our daily breadth (Society for Research on Child Development Presidential Address). Child Development, 83, 6–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Este. D. (2013). Social support in the lives of Sudanese refugee and Russian immigrant fathers in Canada. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Schneiderman, I., Weisman, O., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 1133–1141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R., Weller, A., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Levine, A. (2007). Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding. Psychological Science, 18, 965–970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García Coll, C. T., & Marks, A. K. (Eds.). (2011). The immigrant paradox in children and adolescents: Is becoming American a developmental risk? Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, I., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Leckman, J. F., & Feldman, R. (2010). Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 377–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gornick, J. C., & Meyers, M. K. (2008). Creating gender-egalitarian societies: An agenda for reform. Politics & Society, 36, 313–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güngör, D., & Bornstein, M. H. (2013). Gender and developmental pathways of acculturation and adaptation in immigrant adolescents. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, D. J., Denton, N. A., & Macartney, S. E. (2008). Children in immigrant families: Looking to America’s future. Social Policy Report, Society for Research in Child Development, XXII(3), 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuczynski, L., & Parkin, C. M. (2007). Agency and bidirectionality in socialization: Interactions, transactions, and relational dialectics. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 259–283). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Love, J., & Buriel, R. (2007). Language brokering, autonomy, parent–child bonding, biculturalism and depression: A study of Mexican American adolescents from immigrant families. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29, 472–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luther, K., Coltrane, S., Parke, R. D., Cookston, J., & Adams, M. (2011). Youth risk behavior among Mexican origin and Anglo families: The costs of acculturation. In S. S. Chuang & R. P. Moreno (Eds.), Immigrant children: Change, adaptation and cultural transformation (pp. 99–124). New York, NY: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masten, A. S., Leibkind, K., & Hernandez, D. J. (2012). Realizing the potential of immigrant youth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McQuillan, J., & Tse, L. (1995). Child language brokering in linguistic minority communities: Effects on cultural interaction, cognition, and literacy. Language and Education, 9, 195–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minuchin, P. (1985). Families and individual development: Provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Development, 56, 289–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, J. T. (2010). The benefits and risks of adolescent employment. Prevention Researcher, 17, 8–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2005). Child care and child development: Results from the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, L., & Chen, M. T. (1988). Crossing the schoolhouse border: Immigrant students and California public schools. San Francisco, CA: California Tomorrow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. D. (2013). Future families: Diverse forms, rich possibilities. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. D., & Buriel, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (Social, emotional, and personality development 6th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 858–932). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. D., & Chuang, S. S. (2011). New arrivals: Past advances and future directions in research and policy. In S. S. Chuang & R. P. Moreno (Eds.), Immigrant children: Change, adaptation and cultural transformation (pp. 271–295). New York, NY: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. D., Lio, S., Schofield, T., Tuthill, L., Vega, E., & Coltrane, S. (2012). Neighborhood environments: A multi-measure, multi-level approach. In L. C. Mayes & M. Lewis (Eds.), The environment of human development: A handbook of theory and measurement (pp. 300–329). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto, K. M., & Coltrane, S. (2013). Understanding structure and culture in the division of household labor for Mexican immigrant families. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin, D., & Han, E. J. (2011). The achievement/adjustment paradox: Understanding the psychological struggles of Asian American children and adolescents. In S. S. Chuang & R. P. Moreno (Eds.), Immigrant children: Change, adaptation, and cultural transformation (pp. 75–97). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (2002). Family influences on behavior and development: Challenges for the future. In J. P. McHale & W. S. Grolnick (Eds.), Retrospect and prospect in the psychological study of families (pp. 321–351). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spears Brown, C., & Chu, H. (2013). Gendered conceptions of ethnicity: Latino children in middle childhood. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada (2007). Immigration in Canada: A portrait of the foreign-born population, 2006 census. Retrieved September 25, 2012 from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-­recensement/2006/as-sa/97-557/pdf/97-557-XIE2006001.pdf.

  • Storey, A. E., & Walsh, C. J. (2012). Biological basis of mammalian paternal behavior. In N. J. Cabrera & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Handbook of father involvement (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storey, A. E., Walsh, C. J., Quinton, R. L., & Wynne-Edwards, D. E. (2000). Hormonal correlates of paternal responsiveness in new and expectant fathers. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 79–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain, J. E., & Lorberbaum, J. P. (2008). Imaging the human parental brain. In R. S. Bridges (Ed.), The neurobiology of the parental brain (pp. 83–100). New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Telzer, E. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2009). Daily family assistance and the psychological well-being of adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1177–1189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyyska, V. (2013). Communication brokering in immigrant families: Avenues for new research. In S. S. Chuang & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Gender roles in immigrant families. New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Census Bureau. (1933). Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930; Population Volume II: General report/statistical subjects (p. 25). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved June 20, 2006 from http://www.census.gov/.

  • United States Census Bureau. (2011). Overview of race and Hispanic origin: 2010. U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington, DC. Retrieved September 6, 2012 from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf.

  • Updegraff, K., Delgado, M. Y., & Wheeler, L. A. (2009). Exploring mothers’ and fathers’ relationships with sons versus daughters: Links to adolescent adjustment in Mexican immigrant families. Sex Roles, 60, 559–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisner, T. S. (Ed.). (2005). Discovering successful pathways in children's development: New methods in the study of childhood and family life. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ross D. Parke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Parke, R.D., Leidy, M.S. (2013). Gender and Immigration: Reflections on Research and Policy. In: Chuang, S., Tamis-LeMonda, C. (eds) Gender Roles in Immigrant Families. Advances in Immigrant Family Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6735-9_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics