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Cytokines in the Balance of Protection and Pathology During Mycobacterial Infections

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The New Paradigm of Immunity to Tuberculosis

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 783))

Abstract

The outcome of natural infections with pathogenic mycobacteria can range from early asymptomatic clearance through latent infection to clinical disease. Different host and pathogen-specific factors have been implicated in determining the outcome of these infections; however, it is clear that the interaction of mycobacteria with the innate and acquired components of the immune system plays a central role. Specifically, the recognition of mycobacterial components by innate immune cells through different pathogen recognition receptors (PPRs) induces a cytokine response that can promote early control of the infection. In fact, in the majority of individuals that come into contact with mycobacteria, this response is enough to control the infection. Among PRRs, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-like receptors, and C-type lectins have all been implicated in recognition of mycobacteria and in the initiation of the cytokine response. Defining the mechanisms by which distinct mycobacterial components and their receptors stimulate the immune response is an area of intense research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Trudeau Institute, Inc, 154 Algonquin Ave., Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA

    Egídio Torrado & Andrea M. Cooper

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  1. Egídio Torrado
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  1. McGill University, Montreal, H2X 2P2, Québec, Canada

    Maziar Divangahi

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Torrado, E., Cooper, A.M. (2013). Cytokines in the Balance of Protection and Pathology During Mycobacterial Infections. In: Divangahi, M. (eds) The New Paradigm of Immunity to Tuberculosis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 783. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_7

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