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Metabolic Networks and Their Evolution

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Evolutionary Systems Biology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((volume 751))

Abstract

Since the last decade of the twentieth century, systems biology has gained the ability to study the structure and function of genome-scale metabolic networks. These are systems of hundreds to thousands of chemical reactions that sustain life. Most of these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes which are encoded by genes. A metabolic network extracts chemical elements and energy from the environment, and converts them into forms that the organism can use. The function of a whole metabolic network constrains evolutionary changes in its parts. I will discuss here three classes of such changes, and how they are constrained by the function of the whole. These are the accumulation of amino acid changes in enzyme-coding genes, duplication of enzyme-coding genes, and changes in the regulation of enzymes. Conversely, evolutionary change in network parts can alter the function of the whole network. I will discuss here two such changes, namely the elimination of reactions from a metabolic network through loss of function mutations in enzyme-coding genes, and the addition of metabolic reactions, for example through mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer. Reaction addition also provides a window into the evolution of metabolic innovations, the ability of a metabolism to sustain life on new sources of energy and of chemical elements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Y27-J-54, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland

    Andreas Wagner

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  1. Andreas Wagner
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Correspondence to Andreas Wagner .

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  1. University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4SB, Devon, United Kingdom

    Orkun S. Soyer

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Wagner, A. (2012). Metabolic Networks and Their Evolution. In: Soyer, O. (eds) Evolutionary Systems Biology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 751. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3567-9_2

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