Abstract
Degeneration of cells in the retina is a hallmark of various inherited and acquired blinding diseases in humans. One of the most challenging problems to establish successful treatments for these diseases is to understand the molecular mechanisms that result in retinal degeneration and to identify endogenous rescue pathways which support cell survival. In many mouse models for retinal degeneration, expression of LIF in glial cells in response to a disease condition is crucial for the activation of an elaborate protective system. This mini review will summarize the findings that are related to LIF signaling and discuss the neuroprotective effects of LIF in different animal models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pease S, Braghetta P, Gearing D, Grail D, Williams RL (1990) Isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in media supplemented with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Dev Biol 141(2):344–352
Cui S, Hope RM, Rathjen J, Voyle RB, Rathjen PD (2001) Structure, sequence and function of a marsupial LIF gene: conservation of IL-6 family cytokines. Cytogenet Cell Genet 92(3-4):271–278
Abe T, Mikekado T, Haga S, Kisara Y, Watanabe K, Kurokawa T, Suzuki T (2007) Identification, cDNA cloning, and mRNA localization of a zebrafish ortholog of leukemia inhibitory factor. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 147(1):38–44
Hanington PC, Patten SA, Reaume LM, Waskiewicz AJ, Belosevic M, Ali DW (2008) Analysis of leukemia inhibitory factor and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor in embryonic and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dev Biol 314(2):250–260
Horiuchi H, Tategaki A, Yamashita Y, Hisamatsu H, Ogawa M, Noguchi T, Aosasa M, Kawashima T, Akita S, Nishimichi N, Mitsui N, Furusawa S, Matsuda H (2004) Chicken leukemia inhibitory factor maintains chicken embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state. J Biol Chem 279(23):24514–24520
Rathjen PD, Toth S, Willis A, Heath JK, Smith AG (1990) Differentiation inhibiting activity is produced in matrix-associated and diffusible forms that are generated by alternate promoter usage. Cell 62(6):1105–1114
Conquet F, Peyrieras N, Tiret L, Brulet P (1992) Inhibited gastrulation in mouse embryos overexpressing the leukemia inhibitory factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(17):8195–8199
Haines BP, Voyle RB, Pelton TA, Forrest R, Rathjen PD (1999) Complex conserved organization of the mammalian leukemia inhibitory factor gene: regulated expression of intracellular and extracellular cytokines. J Immunol 162(8):4637–4646
Haines BP, Voyle RB, Rathjen PD (2000) Intracellular and extracellular leukemia inhibitory factor proteins have different cellular activities that are mediated by distinct protein motifs. Mol Biol Cell 11(4):1369–1383
Martinou JC, Martinou I, Kato AC (1992) Cholinergic differentiation factor (CDF/LIF) promotes survival of isolated rat embryonic motoneurons in vitro. Neuron 8(4):737–744
Murphy M, Reid K, Hilton DJ, Bartlett PF (1991) Generation of sensory neurons is stimulated by leukemia inhibitory factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(8):3498–3501
Trouillas M, Saucourt C, Guillotin B, Gauthereau X, Taupin JL, Moreau JF, Boeuf H (2009) The LIF cytokine: towards adulthood. Eur Cytokine Netw 20(2):51–62
Mathieu ME, Saucourt C, Mournetas V, Gauthereau X, Theze N, Praloran V, Thiebaud P, Boeuf H (2012) LIF-dependent signaling: new pieces in the Lego. Stem Cell Rev 8(1):1–15
Azadi S, Johnson LE, Paquet-Durand F, Perez MT, Zhang Y, Ekstrom PA, van Veen T (2007) CNTF + BDNF treatment and neuroprotective pathways in the rd1 mouse retina. Brain Res 1129(1):116–129
Campochiaro PA, Nguyen QD, Shah SM, Klein ML, Holz E, Frank RN, Saperstein DA, Gupta A, Stout JT, Macko J, DiBartolomeo R, Wei LL (2006) Adenoviral vector-delivered pigment epithelium-derived factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results of a phase I clinical trial. Hum Gene Ther 17(2):167–176
Frigg R, Wenzel A, Grimm C (2005) Reme CE. [Survival factors in the treatment of hereditary retinal degeneration]. Ophthalmologe 102(8):757–763
Grimm C, Wenzel A, Groszer M, Mayser H, Seeliger M, Samardzija M, Bauer C, Gassmann M, Reme CE (2002) HIF-1-induced erythropoietin in the hypoxic retina protects against light-induced retinal degeneration. Nat Med 8(7):718–724
Joly S, Lange C, Thiersch M, Samardzija M, Grimm C (2008) Leukemia inhibitory factor extends the lifespan of injured photoreceptors in vivo. J Neurosci 28(51):13765–13774
Sahel JA (2005) Saving cone cells in hereditary rod diseases: a possible role for rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF) therapy. Retina 25(8 Suppl):S38–S39
Leibinger M, Muller A, Andreadaki A, Hauk TG, Kirsch M, Fischer D (2009) Neuroprotective and axon growth-promoting effects following inflammatory stimulation on mature retinal ganglion cells in mice depend on ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor. J Neurosci 29(45):14334–14341
Samardzija M, Wenzel A, Aufenberg S, Thiersch M, Reme C, Grimm C (2006) Differential role of Jak-STAT signaling in retinal degenerations. FASEB J 20(13):2411–2413
Burgi S, Samardzija M, Grimm C (2009) Endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor protects photoreceptor cells against light-induced degeneration. Mol Vis 15:1631–1637
Ueki Y, Wang J, Chollangi S, Ash JD (2008) STAT3 activation in photoreceptors by leukemia inhibitory factor is associated with protection from light damage. J Neurochem 105(3):784–796
Rattner A, Nathans J (2005) The genomic response to retinal disease and injury: evidence for endothelin signaling from photoreceptors to glia. J Neurosci 25(18):4540–4549
Ueki Y, Le YZ, Chollangi S, Muller W, Ash JD (2009) Preconditioning-induced protection of photoreceptors requires activation of the signal-transducing receptor gp130 in photoreceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(50):21389–21394
Schaeferhoff K, Michalakis S, Tanimoto N, Fischer MD, Becirovic E, Beck SC, Huber G, Rieger N, Riess O, Wissinger B, Biel M, Seeliger MW, Bonin M (2010) Induction of STAT3-related genes in fast degenerating cone photoreceptors of cpfl1 mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 67(18):3173–3186
Samardzija M, Wariwoda H, Imsand C, Huber P, Heynen SR, Gubler A, Grimm C (2012) Activation of survival pathways in the degenerating retina of rd10 mice. Exp Eye Res 99:17–26
Graham DR, Overbeek PA, Ash JD (2005) Leukemia inhibitory factor blocks expression of Crx and Nrl transcription factors to inhibit photoreceptor differentiation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(7):2601–2610
Ash J, McLeod DS, Lutty GA (2005) Transgenic expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) blocks normal vascular development but not pathological neovascularization in the eye. Mol Vis 11:298–308
Cui Q, Harvey AR (1995) At least two mechanisms are involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells following target ablation in neonatal rats. J Neurosci 15(12):8143–8155
Deparis S, Caprara C, Grimm C (2012) Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are resistant to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid excitotoxicity. Mol Vis 18:2814–2827
Groeger G, Quiney C, Cotter TG (2009) Hydrogen peroxide as a cell-survival signaling molecule. Antioxid Redox Signal 11(11):2655–2671
Mackey AM, Sanvicens N, Groeger G, Doonan F, Wallace D, Cotter TG (2008) Redox survival signalling in retina-derived 661W cells. Cell Death Differ 15(8):1291–1303
Rhee SG (2006) Cell signaling H2O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling. Science 312(5782):1882–1883
Bhatt L, Groeger G, McDermott K, Cotter TG (2010) Rod and cone photoreceptor cells produce ROS in response to stress in a live retinal explant system. Mol Vis 16:283–293
Sharma AK, Rohrer B (2007) Sustained elevation of intracellular cGMP causes oxidative stress triggering calpain-mediated apoptosis in photoreceptor degeneration. Curr Eye Res 32(3):259–269
Groeger G, Mackey AM, Pettigrew CA, Bhatt L, Cotter TG (2009) Stress-induced activation of Nox contributes to cell survival signalling via production of hydrogen peroxide. J Neurochem 109(5):1544–1554
Finnegan S, Mackey AM, Cotter TG (2010) A stress survival response in retinal cells mediated through inhibition of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A. Eur J Neurosci 32(3):322–334
Groeger G, Doonan F, Cotter TG, Donovan M (2012) Reactive oxygen species regulate prosurvival ERK1/2 signaling and bFGF expression in gliosis within the retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(10):6645–6654
Wu WC, Hu DN, Gao HX, Chen M, Wang D, Rosen R, McCormick SA (2010) Subtoxic levels hydrogen peroxide-induced production of interleukin-6 by retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Vis 16:1864–1873
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Agca, C., Grimm, C. (2014). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Signaling in Degenerating Retinas. In: Ash, J., Grimm, C., Hollyfield, J., Anderson, R., LaVail, M., Bowes Rickman, C. (eds) Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 801. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_49
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_49
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3208-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3209-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)