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Energy Balance and Other Modifiable Host Factors on Colorectal Cancer Prognosis

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Energy Balance and Gastrointestinal Cancer

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 4))

Abstract

Epidemiologic and scientific research indicates that host factors that influence energy balance have a significant influence on the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Obesity and certain diets increase one’s risk of developing colorectal cancer, while physical activity decreases this risk. Until recently, it was largely unknown if any of these modifiable factors influence the outcomes of patients already diagnosed with colorectal cancer. However, data are emerging of factors that may influence disease recurrences and mortality for colorectal cancer survivors. Prospective observational studies have shown that increased exercise after diagnosis and avoidance of a Western pattern diet are associated with reduced risk of cancer recurrence and improved overall survival in early stage colorectal cancer after standard therapy. Patients with class II and III obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) have a modestly increased risk of recurrence. In contrast, change of weight after diagnosis is not associated with outcomes after diagnosis. The data supporting these observations will be reviewed and potential mechanisms of actions will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeffrey Meyerhardt M.D., MPH.

  2. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215-5450, USA

    Jeffrey Meyerhardt M.D., MPH.

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Correspondence to Jeffrey Meyerhardt M.D., MPH. .

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  1. , Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 44106, Ohio, USA

    Sanford D. Markowitz

  2. School of Medicine, Center for Science, Health & Society, Case Western Reserve University, Euclid Ave. 10900, Cleveland, 44106, Ohio, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Meyerhardt, J. (2012). Energy Balance and Other Modifiable Host Factors on Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. In: Markowitz, S., Berger, N. (eds) Energy Balance and Gastrointestinal Cancer. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2367-6_9

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