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Cellular Immunity in Breast Milk: Implications for Postnatal Transmission of HIV-1 to the Infant

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Breastfeeding

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 743))

Abstract

Breastfeeding accounts for up to 40% of all infant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infections in resource-limited settings, where prolonged breastfeeding is the only available and safe infant feeding option [1, 2]. However, most breastfed infants remain uninfected even after prolonged exposure to breast milk [3–5]. The factors in breast milk that protect the majority of breastfed infants of HIV-infected mothers from infection remain largely undetermined. Breast milk contains a multitude of immune parameters, including immunoglobulins, antimicrobial substances, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and leukocytes [6]. Moreover, breast milk not only provides passive protection, but also can directly modulate the immunological development of the infant [7, 8]. Cell-mediated immunity in breast milk has not been as extensively studied as humoral immunity, described in Chap. 10. There is, however, increasing interest in the role that lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cell types play, both in innate and in adaptive breast milk immunity [3].

The findings and conclusions in this chapter are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 908 20th Street South, CCB 334, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Steffanie Sabbaj Ph.D.

  2. Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Chris C. Ibegbu Ph.D.

  3. Division of Reproductive Health, NCCDPHP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MSK34, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA

    Athena P. Kourtis M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.

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  1. Steffanie Sabbaj Ph.D.
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  2. Chris C. Ibegbu Ph.D.
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  3. Athena P. Kourtis M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.
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Correspondence to Steffanie Sabbaj Ph.D. .

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  1. School of Medicine, Emory University, Buford Highway 4770, Atlanta, 30341, Georgia, USA

    Athena P. Kourtis

  2. and Prevention, Global AIDS Program - China, Centers for Disease Control, Emory University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100600, China, People's Republic

    Marc Bulterys

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Sabbaj, S., Ibegbu, C.C., Kourtis, A.P. (2012). Cellular Immunity in Breast Milk: Implications for Postnatal Transmission of HIV-1 to the Infant. In: Kourtis, A., Bulterys, M. (eds) Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Breastfeeding. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 743. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8_11

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