Abstract
More than 90% of the rice (Oryza sativa l.) in the world is produced in Asia (IRRI, 1986b). Within Asia, rice production has been increasing an average 2.7% annually—slightly faster than population growth. The increased production is primarily due to higher yields per hectare rather than increased land area under cultivation. The adoption of modern varieties, increased irrigation facilities, and more fertilizer use have been credited for the yield increases. An estimated 24% of the increase in Asian rice production from 1965 to 1980 was attributed to use of fertilizer, mainly N (Barker et al., 1985).
Joint contribution from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines, and the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), P.O. Box 2040, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, USA.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrol, I.P., and S.P. Palaniappan. 1988. Green manure crops in irrigated and rainfed lowland rice-based cropping systems in South Asia, pp. 71–82. In: Sustainable Agriculture-Green Manure in Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Barker, R., R.W. Herdt, and B. Rose. 1985. The rice economy in Asia. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, 324 pp.
Bidin, A., Z. Malek, and J.R. Simpson. 1987. Nitrogen loss from fertilizer applied to rice fields in Malaysia. Paper presented at the ACIAR Workshop on Gaseous Nitrogen Loss from Fertilizer in Asian Cropping Systems, 23–25 March 1987, Nanjing, China.
Biswas, T.K. 1988. Nitrogen dynamics and nitrogen-15 balance in lowland rice as affected by green manure and urea application. PhD diss. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Blackmer, A.M. 1986. Potential yield response of corn to treatments that conserve fertilizer nitrogen in soils. Agron. J. 78:571–575.
Bouldin, D.R. 1988. Effect of green manure on soil organic matter content and nitrogen availability, pp. 151–163. In: Sustainable Agriculture—Green Manure in Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Bowmer, K.H., and W.A. Muirhead. 1987. Inhibition of algal photosynthesis to control pH and reduce ammonia volatilization from rice floodwater. Fert. Res. 13:13–29.
Broadbent, F.E., S.K. De Datta, and E.V. Laureles. 1987. Measurement of nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice genotypes. Agron. J. 79:786–791.
Buresh, R.J. 1987. Relative susceptibility of conventional and experimental nitrogen sources to ammonia loss from flooded rice fields. Fert. Res. 13:139–153.
Buresh, R.J., and E.R. Austin. 1988. Direct measurement of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide flux in flooded rice fields. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:681–688.
Buresh, R.J., S.K. De Datta, E.G. Castillo, and M.I. Samson. 1988a. Denitrification in irrigated and rainfed tropical lowland rice fields. Abstract from National Soils Conference, 9–12 May 1988, Australian Society of Soil Science, Canberra, Australia.
Buresh, R.J., S.K. De Datta, J.L. Padilla, and T.T. Chua. 1988b. Potential of inhibitors for increasing response of lowland rice to urea fertilization. Agron. J. 80:947–952.
Buresh, R.J., S.K. De Datta, J.L. Padilla, and M.I. Samson. 1988c. Effect of two urease inhibitors on floodwater ammonia following urea application to lowland rice. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:856–861.
Buresh, R.J., S.K. De Datta, J.L. Padilla, and M.I. Samson. 1988d. Field evaluation of two urease inhibitors with transplanted lowland rice. Agron. J. 80:763–768.
Byrnes, B.H. 1988. The degradation of the urease inhibitor phenyl phosphorodiamidate in soil systems and the performance of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide in flooded rice culture. Ph.D. diss. Technical University of Munich. Munich, Germany.
Cai Gui-Xin, Zhu Zhao-Liang, A.C.F. Trevitt, J.R. Freney, and J.R. Simpson. 1986. Nitrogen loss from ammonium bicarbonate and urea fertilizers applied to flooded rice. Fert. Res. 10:203–215.
Castillo, E.G. 1985. Effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD) urease inhibitor on floodwater characteristics and 15N recovery of urea in lowland rice. MS thesis. University of the Philippines at Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Chen Lizhi. 1988. Green manure cultivation and use for rice in China, pp. 63–70. In: Sustainable Agriculture—Green Manure in Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Chen Rongye, Zhang Jiancai, Guo Wangmo, and Chen Wei. 1987. N fertilizer (urea) topdressed on unsaturated soil and deep-placed using reflooding water. Int. Rice Res. Newsletter 12(5):35–36.
Craswell, E.T., B.H. Byrnes, L.S. Holt, E.R. Austin, I.R.P. Fillery, and W.M. Strong. 1985. Nitrogen-15 determination of nonrandomly distributed dinitrogen in air. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:664–668.
Craswell, E.T., and D.C. Godwin. 1984. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to cereals in different climates, pp. 1–55. In: P.B. Tinker and A. Lauchli (eds.) Advances in plant nutrition, vol. 1. Praeger, NY.
Craswell, E.T., and P.L.G. Vlek. 1979. Fate of fertilizer nitrogen applied to wetland rice. pp. 175–192. In: Nitrogen and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
De Datta, S.K. 1981. Principles and practices of rice production. Wiley, NY, 618 pp.
De Datta, S.K. 1987. Nitrogen transformation processes in relation to improved cultural practices for lowland rice. Plant Soil 100:47–69.
De Datta, S.K., and F.E. Broadbent. 1988. Methodology for evaluating nitrogen utilization efficiency by rice genotypes. Agron. J. 80:793–798.
De Datta, S.K., R.J. Buresh, W.N. Obcemea, and J.G. Real. 1987a. Direct field measurement of ammonia volatilization and denitrification in lowland rice soils. Agron. Abstr., American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, p. 201.
De Datta, S.K., R.J. Buresh, M.I. Samson, and Wang Kai-Rong. 1988. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen-15 balances in broadcast-seeded flooded and transplanted rice. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:849–855.
De Datta, S.K., F.V. Garcia, A.K. Chatterjee, W.P. Abilay, Jr., J.M. Alcantara, B.S. Cia, and H.C. Jereza. 1979. “Biological constraints to farmers’ rice yields in three Philippine provinces.” IRRI Research Paper Series No. 30. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
De Datta, S.K., and K.A. Gomez. 1981. Interpretive analysis of the international trials on nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in wetland rice. pp. 1–5. In: Fertilizer International (May issue). British Sulphur Corp., London, U.K.
De Datta, S.K., C.P. Magnaye, and J.C. Moomaw. 1968. Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen (15N-labeled) for flooded rice. 9th Int. Congr. Soil Sci. Trans. (Adelaide, Australia) 4:67–76.
De Datta, S.K., W.N. Obcemea, R.Y. Chen, J.C. Calabio, and R.C. Evangelista. 1987b. Effect of water depth on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen-15 balance in lowland rice. Agron. J. 79:210–216.
De Datta, S.K., and W.H. Patrick, Jr. (eds.). 1986. Nitrogen economy of flooded rice soils. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 186 pp.
Denmead, O.T. 1983. Micrometeorological methods for measuring gaseous loss of nitrogen in the field, pp. 131–157. In: J.R. Freney and J.R. Simpson (eds.) Gaseous loss of nitrogen from plant-soil systems. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands.
FAO. 1987. 1986 FAO fertilizer yearbook, vol. 36. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO. 1974. 1973 Annual fertilizer review, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Fillery, I.R.P., and B.H. Byrnes. 1984. Concurrent measurement of ammonia loss and denitrification in flooded rice fields. Agron. Abstr., American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, p. 204.
Fillery, I.R.P., and S.K. De Datta. 1986. Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen sources applied to rice fields: I. Methodology, ammonia fluxes, and nitrogen-15 loss. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50:80–86.
Fillery, I.R.P., S.K. De Datta, and E.T. Craswell. 1986a. Effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate on the fate of urea applied to wetland rice fields. Fert. Res. 9:251–263.
Fillery, I.R.P., P. A. Roger, and S.K. De Datta. 1986b. Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen sources applied to rice fields: II. Floodwater properties and submerged photosynthetic biomass. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50:86–91.
Fillery, I.R.P., J.R. Simpson, and S.K. De Datta. 1984. Influence of field environment and fertilizer management on ammonia loss from flooded rice. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48:914–920.
Fillery, I.R.P., J.R. Simpson, and S.K. De Datta. 1986c. Contribution of ammonia volatilization to total nitrogen loss after applications of urea to wetland rice fields. Fert. Res. 8:193–202.
Fillery, I.R.P., and P.L.G. Vlek. 1986. Reappraisal of significance of ammonia volatilization as an N loss mechanism in flooded rice fields, pp. 79–98. In: S.K. De Datta and W.H. Patrick, Jr. (eds.) Nitrogen economy of flooded rice soils. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Freney, J.R., O.T. Denmead, I. Watanabe, and E.T. Craswell. 1981. Ammonia and nitrous oxide losses following applications of ammonium sulfate to flooded rice. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 32:37–45.
Freney, J.R., R. Leuning, J.R. Simpson, O.T. Denmead, and W.A. Muirhead. 1985. Estimating ammonia volatilization from flooded rice fields by simplified techniques. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1049–1054.
Freney, J.R., J.R. Simpson, and O.T. Denmead. 1983. Volatilization of ammonia, pp. 1–32. In: J.R. Freney and J.R. Simpson (eds.) Gaseous loss of nitrogen from plant-soil systems. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Freney, J.R., A.C.F. Trevitt, W.A. Muirhead, O.T. Denmead, J.R. Simpson, and W.N. Obcemea. 1988. Effect of water depth on ammonia loss from lowland rice. Fert. Res. 16:97-107.
Hauck, R.D. 1986. Field measurement of denitrification—an overview, pp. 59–72. In: R.D Hauck and R.W. Weaver (eds.) “Field measurement of dinitrogen fixation and denitrification.” Spec. Pub. 18. SSSA, Madison, WI.
Hauck, R.D, S.W. Melsted, and R.E. Yankwich. 1958. Use of N-isotope distribution in nitrogen gas in the study of denitrification. Soil Sci. 86:287–291.
Heese, P.R. 1984. Potential of organic materials for soil improvement, pp. 35–43. In: Organic matter and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Holt, L.S., C.B. Christianson, E.R. Austin, and J.C. Katyal. 1988. A laboratory technique for releasing and measuring denitrification products trapped in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:1510–1511.
Humphreys, E., J.R. Freney, W.A. Muirhead, O.T. Denmead, J.R. Simpson, R. Leuning, A.C.F. Trevitt, W.N. Obcemea, R. Wetselaar, and Cai Gui-Xin. 1988. Loss of ammonia after application of urea at different times to dry-seeded, irrigated rice. Fert. Res. 16:47-57.
IFDC. 1988. Annual report for 1987. International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Iimura, K., and J. Ito. 1984. Direct measurement of N2 denitrified from soil and fertilizer in paddy fields using 15N as a tracer. JARQ 18:27–30.
IRRI. 1986a. “Annual report for 1985.” International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
IRRI. 1986b. “World rice statistics 1985.” International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
IRRI. 1987. “Annual report for 1986.” International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
IRRI. 1988. “Annual report for 1987.” International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Ishikawa, M. 1988. Green manuring in rice: The Japan experience, p. 45–61. In: Sustainable Agriculture—Green manure in rice farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
John, P.S. 1987. Nitrogen economy in rice based cropping systems through cowpea green manure, crop residue, and fertilizer nitrogen management. PhD diss. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Katyal, J.C, L.S. Holt, and A.M. Gadalla. 1989. A method to determine soil-entrapped denitrification products in submerged soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: (In press).
Katyal, J.C., Bijay Singh, P.L.G. Vlek, and E.T. Craswell. 1985. Fate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to wetland rice II. Punjab, India. Fert. Res. 6:279–290.
Keeney, D.R. 1986. Critique of the acetylene blockage technique for field measurement of denitrification. pp. 103–115. In: R.D. Hauck and R.W. Weaver (eds.) “Field measurement of dinitrogen fixation and denitrification.” Spec. Pub. 18. SSSA, Madison, WI.
Leuning, R., O.T. Denmead, J.R. Simpson, and J.R. Freney. 1984. Processes of ammonia loss from shallow floodwater. Atmos. Environ. 18:1583–1592.
Leuning, R., J.R. Freney, O.T. Denmead, and J.R. Simpson. 1985. A sampler for measuring atmospheric ammonia flux. Atmos. Environ. 19:1117–1124.
Lindau, C.W, W.H. Patrick, Jr., R.D. DeLaune, K.R. Reddy, and P.K. Bollich. 1988. Entrapment of nitrogen-15 dinitrogen during soil denitrification. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:538–540.
Liu Chungchu. 1988. Integrated use of green manure in ricefields in South China, pp. 319–331. In: Sustainable Agriculture—Green Manure in Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Maene, L.M., A. de Vuyst, and S.P. Pradhan. 1987. The importance of urea as a source of nitrogen for crop production in the Asian and Pacific region. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Urea Technology and Utilization, 16–19 March 1987, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
McCune, D.L. 1982. Fertilizers for tropical and subtropical agriculture. 12th Francis New Memorial Lecture. Presented before the Fertilizer Society of London (12 March 1981). IFDC Spec. Pub. SP-2, International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Mikkelsen, D.S., S.K. De Datta, and W.N. Obcemea. 1978. Ammonia volatilization losses from flooded rice soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42:725–730.
Moraghan, J.T., and R.J. Buresh. 1977. Correction for dissolved nitrous oxide in nitrogen studies. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:1201–1202.
Morris, R.A., R.E. Furoc, and M.A. Dizon. 1986a. Rice responses to a short-duration green manure. I. Grain yield. Agron. J. 78:409–412.
Morris, R.A., R.E. Furoc, and M.A. Dizon. 1986b. Rice responses to a short-duration green manure. II. N recovery and utilization. Agron. J. 78:413–416.
Mosier, A.R., W.D Guenzi, and E.E. Schweizer. 1986. Soil losses of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide from irrigated crops of northeastern Colorado. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50:344–348.
Nagarajah, S. 1988. Transformation of green manure nitrogen in lowland rice soils, pp. 193–208. In: Sustainable Agriculture—Green Manure in Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Parish, D.H., L.L. Hammond, and E.T. Craswell. 1980. Research on modified fertilizer materials for use in developing-country agriculture. IFDC Paper Series P-2. International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Prasad, R., and S.K. De Datta. 1979. Increasing efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in wetland rice. pp. 465–484. In: Nitrogen and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Prins, W.H., G.D. van Brakel, and T. van der Sar. 1984. Pneumatic injector for deep placement of urea in wetland rice soils. Paper presented at 2d International Conference on the Development of the Agricultural Machinery Industry in Developing Countries, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rao, D.L.N. 1987. Slow-release urea fertilizers—effect on floodwater chemistry, ammonia volatilization and rice growth in an alkali soil. Fert. Res. 13:209–221.
Reddy, K.R., W.H. Patrick, Jr., and C.W. Lindau. 1987. Fertilizer nitrogen losses in the root zone of rice. Agron. Abstr., American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, p. 191.
Rolston, D.E., D.L. Hoffman, and D.W. Toy. 1978. Field measurement of denitrification: I. Flux of N2 and N2O. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42:863–869.
Rosegrant, M.W., and J.A. Roumasset. 1988. Economic feasibility of green manure in rice-based cropping systems, pp. 11–27. In: Sustainable Agriculture—Green Manure in Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Savant, N.K. 1988. How to use the IFDC dispenser method of hand deep placement of urea supergranules in transplanted rice. International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Savant, N.K., and S.K. De Datta. 1982. Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice soils. Adv. Agron. 35:241–302.
Savant, N.K., and P.J. Stangel. 1985. Suggestions for efficient use of urea supergranules for wetland rice. pp. 133–142. In: P.J. Stangel et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the workshop on urea deep placement technology. IFDC Spec. Pub. SP-6. International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Schnier, H.F., S.K. De Datta, K. Mengel, E.P. Marqueses, and J.E. Faronilo. 1988. Nitrogen use efficiency, floodwater properties, and nitrogen-15 balance in transplanted lowland rice as affected by liquid urea band placement. Fert. Res. 16:241–255.
Seiler, W, A. Holzapfel-Pschorn, R. Conrad, and D. Scharffe. 1984. Methane emission from rice paddies. J. Atmos. Chem. 1:241–268.
Siegel, R.S., R.D. Hauck, and L.T. Kurtz. 1982. Determination of 30N2 and application to measurement of N2 evolution during denitrification. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46:68–74.
Simpson, J.R., and J.R. Freney. 1986. Interacting processes of gaseous nitrogen loss from urea applied to flooded rice fields. 13th Int. Congr. Soil Sci. Trans. (Hamburg, Germany) 3:968–969.
Simpson, J.R., J.R. Freney, R. Wetselaar, W.A. Muirhead, R. Leuning, and O.T. Denmead. 1984. Transformations and losses of urea nitrogen after application to flooded rice. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 35:189–200.
Smith, C.J., M. Brandon, and W.H. Patrick, Jr. 1982. Nitrous oxide emission following urea-N fertilization of wetland rice. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 28:161–171.
Stangel, P.J. 1985. Changes in the form and price of fertilizer—a global perspective. ASPAC Ext. Bull, 217. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Stangel, P.J., and S.K. De Datta. 1985. Availability of inorganic fertilizers and their management — a focus on Asia. Paper presented at the International Rice Research Conference, 1–5 June 1985, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Strong, W.M., E.R. Austin, L.S. Holt, and R.J. Buresh. 1987. Determination of the combined nitrogen-15 content of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide in air. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51:1344–1350.
Sudjadi, M., Y. Prawirasumantri, and R. Wetselaar. 1987. Nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in lowland rice in Indonesia, pp. 123–134. In: Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Tang, A.M., and B. Stone. 1980. Food production in the People’s Republic of China. IFPRI Res. Rep. 15. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
Vlek, P.L.G., and B.H. Byrnes. 1986. The efficacy and loss of fertilizer N in lowland rice, pp. 131–147. In: S.K. De Datta and W.H. Patrick, Jr. (eds.) Nitrogen economy of flooded rice soils. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Vlek, P.L.G., and E.T. Craswell. 1981. Ammonia volatilization from flooded soils. Fert. Res. 2:227–245.
Watanabe, L, and M.R. de Guzman. 1980. Effect of nitrate on acetylene disappearance from anaerobic soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 12:193–194.
Watanabe, I., B.C. Padre, Jr., and S.T. Santiago. 1981. Quantitative study on nitrification in flooded rice soil. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 27:373–382.
Wetselaar, R. 1985. Deep point-placed urea in a flooded soil: A mechanistic view. pp. 7–14. In: P.J. Stangel et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the workshop on urea deep placement technology. IFDC Spec. Pub. SP-6. International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Wetselaar, R., and G.D. Farquhar. 1980. Losses of nitrogen from tops of plants. Adv. Agron. 33:263–302.
Wetselaar, R., N. Sri Mulyani, Hadiwahyono, A.M. Damdam, and S. Moersidi. 1986. The fate of fertilizer nitrogen in irrigated lowland rice in S.E. Asia: Water and plant influences and their practical implications. 13th Int. Congr. Soil Sci. Trans. (Hamburg, Germany) 4:772–782.
Wilson, J.D., V.R. Catchpoole, O.T. Denmead, and G.W. Thurtell. 1983. Verification of a simple micrometeorological method for estimating the rate of gaseous mass transfer from the ground to the atmosphere. Agric. Meteorol. 29:183–189.
Wilson, I D, G.W. Thurtell, G.E. Kidd, and E.G. Beauchamp. 1982. Estimation of the rate of gaseous mass transfer from a surface source plot to the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 16:1861–1867.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
De Datta, S.K., Buresh, R.J. (1989). Integrated Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Rice. In: Stewart, B.A. (eds) Advances in Soil Science. Advances in Soil Science, vol 10. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8847-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8847-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8849-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8847-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive