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Methylases of the Type II Restriction-Modification Systems

  • Chapter
DNA Methylation

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Molecular Biology ((SSMOL))

Abstract

Most bacteria contain a small fraction (0.5–2%) of methylated cytosine or adenine bases in their chromosomes. Some of this methylation apparently plays a role in directing mismatch repair systems to the correct strands in newly replicated DNA. However, in many bacterial strains, a substantial fraction can be identified with host-specific restriction-modification (RM) systems. These ubiquitous systems play an important biological role in protecting bacteria against viral infections. Each system has two functional components: 1) a restriction endonuclease capable of recognizing sequence-specific sites in DNA and producing double-stranded cleavage; and 2) a modification enzyme recognizing the same DNA sites as the restriction enzyme and protecting them by modification. So far, all modifications found are either 5-methylcytosine or N6-methyladenine. The modification enzymes are methyltransferases, and AdoMet appears to be the exclusive methyl group donor. (For reviews, see Arber, 1974; Modrich, 1979; Smith, 1979; Modrich and Roberts, 1982).

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Abbreviations

AdoMet:

S-adenosylmethionine

Apr :

ampicillin resistance

N-AcdG:

N-acetyl-deoxyguanosine

dx:

deoxyxanthosine

kd:

kilodalton

kb:

kilobase

bp:

basepair

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins Unniversity, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA

    Hamilton O. Smith & Samuel V. Kelly

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  1. Hamilton O. Smith
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  2. Samuel V. Kelly
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular Biology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91-010, Jerusalem, Israel

    Aharon Razin (Chairman) (Chairman)

  2. Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91-010, Jerusalem, Israel

    Howard Cedar

  3. Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 91010, Duarte, California, USA

    Arthur D. Riggs

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Smith, H.O., Kelly, S.V. (1984). Methylases of the Type II Restriction-Modification Systems. In: Razin, A., Cedar, H., Riggs, A.D. (eds) DNA Methylation. Springer Series in Molecular Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8519-6_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8519-6_3

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