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Cytokines and Pregnancy Recognition

  • Conference paper
Immunobiology of Reproduction

Part of the book series: Serono Symposia, USA ((SERONOSYMP))

Abstract

Maternal recognition of pregnancy results from signaling between the trophoblast of the conceptus (embryo and associated membranes) and the maternal system (1). These signals ensure maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the corpus luteum (CL) that would otherwise regress at the end of the estrous or menstrual cycle. The CL produces progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy that is required to stimulate and maintain endometrial functions that are permissive to early embryonic development, implantation, placentation, and successful fetoplacental development. The terms luteotrophic, luteal protective, antiluteolytic, and luteolytic will be defined before mechanisms for maternal recognition of pregnancy are discussed. A luteotrophic signal, chorionic gonadotropin (CG), is produced by primate conceptuses and is believed to act directly on the CL, via receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH), to ensure maintenance of its structural and functional integrity (2). The ovarian cycle of primates is uterine independent;that is, luteolytic events responsible for regression of the CL and cessation of progesterone secretion at the end of a menstrual cycle result from the intraovarian effects of prostaglandins (3), oxytocin (4), or other, as yet undefined, luteolytic agents. A luteolytic agent causes the structural and functional demise of the CL, or luteolysis. Prostaglandin F 2α (PGF) is the luteolytic signal common to most, if not all, mammals. There may also be luteal protective signals—for example, PGE2 (PGE)—that antagonize the potential luteolytic effects of PGF.

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Authors
  1. Fuller W. Bazer
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  2. Thomas E. Spencer
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  3. Troy L. Ott
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  4. Howard M. Johnson
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA

    Joan S. Hunt Ph.D. (Chairman) (Chairman)

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Bazer, F.W., Spencer, T.E., Ott, T.L., Johnson, H.M. (1994). Cytokines and Pregnancy Recognition. In: Hunt, J.S. (eds) Immunobiology of Reproduction. Serono Symposia, USA. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8422-9_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8422-9_4

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