Abstract
For all the debate and philosophizing and frequently polemical argument concerning nature and its relationship to man,1 the concept of nature does not seem to have proved a very natural one for psychologists. As noted in the introduction to this volume, the individual’s response to the natural environment has not been at the forefront of problems chosen for psychological investigation—not even among environmental psychologists. A perusal of the index of Psychological Abstracts reveals that Nature serves as an indexing term only in its adjectival form, and then only in reference to two very limited topics: Natural Childbirth (i.e., a process unaided by external intervention) and Natural Disasters. The prominent place of the latter as a subject of behavioral science research (though better represented within geography than psychology) may hark back to the historical fear of nature as a dangerous and potentially evil force in the affairs of man. But it is apparent from any discussion of environmental problems and treatments of the relationship between human activity and the physical environment that nature is a much more salient concept, for the lay person and the scientist alike, than one would suppose from the classification schemes of psychologists or from the subject matter of their research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anglin, J. M. Word, object and conceptual development. New York: Norton, 1977.
Brimer, J. S., Goodnow, J. J., & Austin, G. A. A study of thinking. New York: Wiley, 1956.
Brunswik, E. Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1956.
Carey, S. The child’s concept of animal. Paper presented at the meetings of the Psychonomic Society, San Antonio, 1978.
Cermak, G. W., & Cormillon, P. C. Multimensional analyses of judgments about traffic noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1976, 59, 1412–1420.
Dubos, R. The God within. New York: Scribners, 1972.
Gibson, E. J. Principles of perceptual learning and development. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1969.
Gibson, J. J. The perception of the visual world. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1950.
Gibson, J. J. The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1966.
Gibson, J. J. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1979.
Gibson, J. J., & Gibson, E. J. Perceptual learning: Differentiation or enrichment? Psychological Review, 1955, 62, 32–41.
Glacken, C. H. Traces on the Rhodian shore: Nature and culture in western thought from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
Hendee, J. C. Rural-urban differences reflected in outdoor recreation participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 1969, 1, 333–341.
Holcomb, B. The perception of natural vs. built environments by young children. In Children, nature, and the urban environment: Proceedings of a Symposium-Fair (General Tech. Rep. NE-30). Upper Darby, Pa.: U.S. Forest Service Northeastern Experiment Station, 1977, pp. 33–38.
Iltis, H. Can one love a plastic tree? Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 1973, 54 (4), 5–7; 19.
Jackson, J. B. Ghosts at the door. Landscape, 1951, 1 (1), 3–9.
Kaplan, R. The green experience. In S. Kaplan & R. Kaplan (Eds.), Humanscape. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1978, pp. 186–193.
Kaplan, S., Kaplan, R., & Wendt, J. S. Rated preference and complexity for natural and urban visual material. Perception and Psychophysics, 1972, 12, 334–356.
Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. Variations in value orientations. Evanston, Ill.: Row-Peterson, 1961.
Kochen, M. Applications of fuzzy sets to psychology. In L. A. Zadeh et al. (Eds.), Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes. New York: Academic Press, 1975, pp. 395–408.
Kofsky, E. A scalogram study of classificatory development. Child Development, 1966, 37, 191–204.
Krieger, M. What’s wrong with plastic trees? Science, 1973, 279, 446–455.
Lowenthal, D., & Prince, H. C. Transcendental experience. In S. Wapner, B. Kaplan, & S. Cohen (Eds.), Experiencing the environment. New York: Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 117–132.
McKechnie, G. E. Simulation techniques in environmental psychology. In D. Stokols (Ed.), Perspectives on environment and behavior. New York: Plenum Press, 1978, pp. 169–190.
Mercer, D. C. Motivational and social aspects of recreational behavior. In I. Altman & J. F. Wohlwill (Eds.), Human behavior and environment (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 123–162.
Oden, G. C. Integration of fuzzy logical information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1977, 3, 565–575.
Porter, E. The place no one knew: Glen Canyon on the Colorado. San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1963.
Rosch, E. Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 1973, 4, 328–350.
Rosch, E. Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978, pp. 28–48.
Rosch, E., & Lloyd, B. B. (Eds.). Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978.
Rossman, B. B., & Ulehla, Z. J. Psychological reward values associated with wilderness use: A functional reinforcement approach. Environment and Behavior, 1977, 9, 41–66.
Shepard, P. Man in the landscape. New York: Knopf, 1967.
Ullrich, J. R., & Ullrich, M. F. A multidimensional scaling analysis of perceived similarities of rivers in western Montana. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1976, 43, 575–584.
Wapner, S., Kaplan, B., & Cohen, S. An organismic-developmental perspective for understanding transactions of men in environments. Environment and Behavior, 1973, 5, 255–289.
Ward, L. M. Multidimensional scaling of the molar physical environment. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1977, 12, 23–42.
Welch, L., & Long, L. The higher structural phases of concept formation in children. Journal of Psychology, 1940, 9, 59–95.
Wohlwill, J. F. Environmental aesthetics: The environment as a source of affect. In I. Altaian & J. F. Wohlwill (Eds.), Human behavior and environment (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 37–86.
Wohlwill, J. F. Visual assessment of an urban riverfront. Unpublished manuscript, 1977.
Wohlwill, J. F. The place of order and uncertainty in art and environmental aesthetics. Motivation and Emotion, 1980, 4, 133–142.
Worden, P. E. The effects of classification structure on organizational free recall in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1976, 22, 519–529.
Young, H. H., & Berry, G. L. The impact of environment on the productivity attitudes of intellectually challenged office workers. Human Factors, 1979, 21, 399–407.
Zadeh, L. A., et al. (Eds.). Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes. New York: Academic Press, 1975.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wohlwill, J.F. (1983). The Concept of Nature. In: Altman, I., Wohlwill, J.F. (eds) Behavior and the Natural Environment. Human Behavior and Environment, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3541-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3539-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive