Skip to main content

The Concept of Nature

A Psychologist’s View

  • Chapter
Behavior and the Natural Environment

Part of the book series: Human Behavior and Environment ((HUBE,volume 6))

Abstract

For all the debate and philosophizing and frequently polemical argument concerning nature and its relationship to man,1 the concept of nature does not seem to have proved a very natural one for psychologists. As noted in the introduction to this volume, the individual’s response to the natural environment has not been at the forefront of problems chosen for psychological investigation—not even among environmental psychologists. A perusal of the index of Psychological Abstracts reveals that Nature serves as an indexing term only in its adjectival form, and then only in reference to two very limited topics: Natural Childbirth (i.e., a process unaided by external intervention) and Natural Disasters. The prominent place of the latter as a subject of behavioral science research (though better represented within geography than psychology) may hark back to the historical fear of nature as a dangerous and potentially evil force in the affairs of man. But it is apparent from any discussion of environmental problems and treatments of the relationship between human activity and the physical environment that nature is a much more salient concept, for the lay person and the scientist alike, than one would suppose from the classification schemes of psychologists or from the subject matter of their research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anglin, J. M. Word, object and conceptual development. New York: Norton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brimer, J. S., Goodnow, J. J., & Austin, G. A. A study of thinking. New York: Wiley, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunswik, E. Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey, S. The child’s concept of animal. Paper presented at the meetings of the Psychonomic Society, San Antonio, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cermak, G. W., & Cormillon, P. C. Multimensional analyses of judgments about traffic noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1976, 59, 1412–1420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dubos, R. The God within. New York: Scribners, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, E. J. Principles of perceptual learning and development. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. J. The perception of the visual world. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. J. The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. J. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. J., & Gibson, E. J. Perceptual learning: Differentiation or enrichment? Psychological Review, 1955, 62, 32–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glacken, C. H. Traces on the Rhodian shore: Nature and culture in western thought from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendee, J. C. Rural-urban differences reflected in outdoor recreation participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 1969, 1, 333–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holcomb, B. The perception of natural vs. built environments by young children. In Children, nature, and the urban environment: Proceedings of a Symposium-Fair (General Tech. Rep. NE-30). Upper Darby, Pa.: U.S. Forest Service Northeastern Experiment Station, 1977, pp. 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iltis, H. Can one love a plastic tree? Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 1973, 54 (4), 5–7; 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. B. Ghosts at the door. Landscape, 1951, 1 (1), 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R. The green experience. In S. Kaplan & R. Kaplan (Eds.), Humanscape. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1978, pp. 186–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, S., Kaplan, R., & Wendt, J. S. Rated preference and complexity for natural and urban visual material. Perception and Psychophysics, 1972, 12, 334–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. Variations in value orientations. Evanston, Ill.: Row-Peterson, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochen, M. Applications of fuzzy sets to psychology. In L. A. Zadeh et al. (Eds.), Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes. New York: Academic Press, 1975, pp. 395–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kofsky, E. A scalogram study of classificatory development. Child Development, 1966, 37, 191–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krieger, M. What’s wrong with plastic trees? Science, 1973, 279, 446–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenthal, D., & Prince, H. C. Transcendental experience. In S. Wapner, B. Kaplan, & S. Cohen (Eds.), Experiencing the environment. New York: Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 117–132.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McKechnie, G. E. Simulation techniques in environmental psychology. In D. Stokols (Ed.), Perspectives on environment and behavior. New York: Plenum Press, 1978, pp. 169–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, D. C. Motivational and social aspects of recreational behavior. In I. Altman & J. F. Wohlwill (Eds.), Human behavior and environment (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 123–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oden, G. C. Integration of fuzzy logical information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1977, 3, 565–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, E. The place no one knew: Glen Canyon on the Colorado. San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch, E. Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 1973, 4, 328–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosch, E. Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978, pp. 28–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosch, E., & Lloyd, B. B. (Eds.). Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossman, B. B., & Ulehla, Z. J. Psychological reward values associated with wilderness use: A functional reinforcement approach. Environment and Behavior, 1977, 9, 41–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, P. Man in the landscape. New York: Knopf, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich, J. R., & Ullrich, M. F. A multidimensional scaling analysis of perceived similarities of rivers in western Montana. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1976, 43, 575–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wapner, S., Kaplan, B., & Cohen, S. An organismic-developmental perspective for understanding transactions of men in environments. Environment and Behavior, 1973, 5, 255–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, L. M. Multidimensional scaling of the molar physical environment. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1977, 12, 23–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, L., & Long, L. The higher structural phases of concept formation in children. Journal of Psychology, 1940, 9, 59–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwill, J. F. Environmental aesthetics: The environment as a source of affect. In I. Altaian & J. F. Wohlwill (Eds.), Human behavior and environment (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 37–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwill, J. F. Visual assessment of an urban riverfront. Unpublished manuscript, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwill, J. F. The place of order and uncertainty in art and environmental aesthetics. Motivation and Emotion, 1980, 4, 133–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worden, P. E. The effects of classification structure on organizational free recall in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1976, 22, 519–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, H. H., & Berry, G. L. The impact of environment on the productivity attitudes of intellectually challenged office workers. Human Factors, 1979, 21, 399–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadeh, L. A., et al. (Eds.). Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes. New York: Academic Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wohlwill, J.F. (1983). The Concept of Nature. In: Altman, I., Wohlwill, J.F. (eds) Behavior and the Natural Environment. Human Behavior and Environment, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3541-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3539-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics