Skip to main content

Review of Fractionation and Bioassay Characterization Techniques for the Evaluation of Organics Associated with Ambient Air Particles

  • Chapter
Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 25))

Abstract

The primary objective of coupling chemical fractionation and genetic bioassay techniques for particulate organics is the identification of potentially genotoxic components associated with the collected particles. There are, however, other objectives which can be of major importance. These objectives include: determining the primary sources of particles with genotoxic properties, understanding chemical transformation in the atmosphere, determining exposure levels of toxic airborne agents and assisting in the design of control technology. The number of references integrating the chemical analysis of air particulate organics with the bioassay of those organics is relatively few. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate, with these and other related references, the approaches that one may use in identifying genotoxic substances associated with air particles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. K. Bridbord and J. G. French, Carcinogenic and mutagenic risks associated with fossil fuels, in: “Carcinogenesis”, Vol. 3, P. W. Jones and R. I. Freudenthai, eds., Raven Press, N.Y., 451–463 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Hite and H. Skeggs, Mutagenic evaluation of nitroparaffins in the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian — microsome test and the micronucleus test, Environ. Mutagenesis 1: 383–389 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. I. Florin, L. Rutger, M. Curvall, and C. R. Enzell, Screening of tobacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames test, Toxicol. 18: 219–232 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. O. M. Bjorseth, C. P. Flessel, N. M. Monto, J. J. Wesolowski, T. R. Parker, and P. K. Ouchida, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content and mutagenic activity in products and emissions from a gasifier demonstration project, California State Air Resources Board Report No. CA/DOH/AIHL/ R-196, 26 pp, (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. S. Rosenkranz, E. C. McCoy, D. R. Sanders, M. Butler, D. K. Kiriazides, and R. Mermelstein, Nitropyrenes: Isolation, identification, and reduction of mutagenic impurities in carbon black and toners, Science 209: 1039–1043 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Mermelstein, H. S. Rosenkranz, and E. C. McCoy, The microbial mutagenicity of nitroarenes, in: “Symposium on the Genetic Effects of Airborne Agents” R. R. Tice, D. L. Costa and K. Schaich, eds., Plenum Press, New York (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. N. Ames, J. McCann, and E. Yamasaki, Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian — microsome mutagenicity test, Mutat. Res. 31: 347–364 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  8. S. J. Rinkus and M. S. Legator, Chemical characterization of 465 known or suspected carcinogens and their correlation with mutagenic activity in the Salmonella typhimurium system, Cancer Res. 39: 3289–3318 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  9. T. R. Skopek, H. L. Liber, D. A. Kaden, and W. G. Thilly, Quantitative forward mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium using 8-azaguanine resistance as a genetic marker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 75: 410–414 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. R. Mohn and J. Ellenberger, Appreciation of the value of different bacterial test systems for detecting and for ranking chemical mutagens, Arch. Toxicol. 46: 45–60 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. D. Waters, The Gene-Tox Program, in: “The Banbury Report 2: Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis: The Maturation of Test Systems” A. W. Hsie, J. P. O’Neill, and V. K. McElheny, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 449–457 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  12. H. Tokiwa, S. Kitamori, K. Takahashi, and Y. Ohnishi, Mutagenic and chemical assay of extracts of airborne particulates, Mutat. Res. 77: 99–108 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. E. D. Pellizzari, L. W. Little, C. Sparacino, T. J. Hughes, L. Claxton, and M. D. Waters, Integrating microbiological and chemical testing into the screening of air samples for potential mutagenicity, in: “Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures”, M. D. Waters, S. Nesnow, J. L. Huisingh, S. S. Sandhu, and L. Claxton, eds., Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 331–352 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. Commoner, A. J. Vithayathil, and P. Dolara, in: “Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures”, M. D. Waters, S. Nesnow, J. L. Huisingh, S. S. Sandhu, and L. Claxton, eds., Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 529–570 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. Lofroth, E. Hefner, I. Alfheim, and M. Moller, Mutagenic activity in photocopies, Science 209: 1037–1039 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Huisingh, R. Bradow, R. Jungers, L. Claxton, R. Zweidinger, S. Tejada, J. Bumgarner, F. Duffield, M. Waters, V. Simmon, C. Hare, C. Rodriguez, and L. Snow, Application of bioassay to the characterization of diesel particle emissions, in: “Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures”, M. D. Waters, S. Nesnow, J. L. Huisingh, S. S. Sandhu, and L. Claxton, eds., Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 381–418 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. N. Pitts, Jr., D. M. Lokensgard, P. S. Ripley, K. A. Van Cauwenberghe, L. Van Vaeck, S. D. Shaffer, and W. L. Belser, Jr., “Atmospheric” epoxidation of benzo(a)pyrene by ozone: Formation of the metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide, Science 210: 1347–1349 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Jungers and J. Huisingh, Collection and extraction techniques for the evaluation of airborne particles in microbial mutagenicity bioassays, in: “Symposium on the Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents”, R. R. Tice, D. L. Costa and K. Schaich, eds., Plenum Press, New York, NY (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. G. Stead, V. Hasselblad, J. P. Creason, and L. Claxton, Modeling the Ames test, Mutat. Res. 85: 13–27 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Claxton, L.D. (1982). Review of Fractionation and Bioassay Characterization Techniques for the Evaluation of Organics Associated with Ambient Air Particles. In: Tice, R.R., Costa, D.L., Schaich, K.M. (eds) Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents. Environmental Science Research, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3455-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3455-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3457-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3455-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics