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Circadian Organization of the Avian Annual Cycle

  • Chapter
Current Ornithology

Part of the book series: Current Ornithology ((CUOR,volume 2))

Abstract

Organization of the avian annual cycle involves an interplay of exogenous and endogenous timing factors. In many species of the temperate zones, increasing daylengths in spring induce migratory and reproductive preparation. However, following breeding in summer when daylengths are still long, the reproductive system regresses and a complete feather molt occurs. Molting in turn is followed by metabolic and behavioral changes associated with fall migration to the wintering quarters. The entire sequence of conditions from reproductively photosensitive birds in spring to phototrefractory birds in late summer occurs when daylengths are long (greater than 12 hr). Re-establishment of photosensitivity in many species (i.e., of Zonotrichia) depends on an intervening period of short daylengths that occur naturally in late fall and winter. Thus, an endogenous system accounts for seasonal changes in responsiveness to daylength and this system in turn is gradually adjusted by daylengths.

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  1. Department of Zoology and Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA

    Albert H. Meier & Albert C. Russo

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  1. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

    Richard F. Johnston

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Meier, A.H., Russo, A.C. (1985). Circadian Organization of the Avian Annual Cycle. In: Johnston, R.F. (eds) Current Ornithology. Current Ornithology, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2385-3_9

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