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ENDOR Spectroscopy in Photobiology and Biochemistry

  • Chapter
Biological Magnetic Resonance

Abstract

For magnetic resonance studies of paramagnetic species electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a well-established method. However, when trying to elucidate the electronic structure of large and lowsymmetry radicals, as they typically occur in biological systems, one is often hampered by problems of spectral resolution. It was as early as 1956 when Feher (1956) demonstrated that by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) the spectral resolution can be greatly improved. ENDOR signals are obtained by monitoring the changes of the amplitude of a saturated EPR line that occur when sweeping the frequency of an additionally applied rf field through the nuclear (NMR) region. This first ENDOR experiment was technically feasible only because the sample—phosphorus doped silicon—was studied at low temperature, where all the relaxation times are sufficiently long to easily obtain saturation. For radicals in liquid solution, however, these relaxation times are much shorter—on the order of 10-5-10-7 sec—and, consequently, ENDOR-msolution experiments are technically much more sophisticated since much larger saturating microwave and rf fields have to be applied. This probably explains why the first ENDOR-in-solution experiments required many more years before they could be successfully performed by Cederquist (1963) and by Hyde and Maki (1964).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Molekülphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-1000, Berlin 33, West Germany

    Klaus Möbius

  2. Institut für Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-1000, Berlin 33, West Germany

    Wolfgang Lubitz

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  1. Klaus Möbius
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  1. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Lawrence J. Berliner

  2. Research Center, Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware, USA

    Jacques Reuben

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Möbius, K., Lubitz, W. (1987). ENDOR Spectroscopy in Photobiology and Biochemistry. In: Berliner, L.J., Reuben, J. (eds) Biological Magnetic Resonance. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1825-5_3

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