Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer

  • Chapter
Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 40))

Abstract

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a small (6045 Dalton) protein that stimulates cell proliferation in both cell culture systems and in intact animals. EGF was first isolated from the submaxillary gland of the mouse by Cohen in 1962 [1]. Extracts of the gland when injected into newborn animals induced precocious eyelid opening and incisor eruption. At the time, Cohen was involved in research on Nerve Growth Factor but realized the potential importance of a substance with such profound biological effects. The biological response to injection of extracts of the submaxillary gland was due to a stimulation of epidermal growth and keratinization. The factor responsible for these effects was named Epidermal Growth Factor. The mouse EGF molecule contains 53 amino acid residues [2] and has disulphide bonds between cysteine residues 5 and 20, 14 and 31, 33 and 42, producing three disulphide loops in the secondary structure [3]. Mouse EGF is produced from a much larger precursor molecular of 130,000 Daltons [4]. In the mid 1970s, EGF was detected [5] and isolated from human urine [6]. In 1975 Gregory demonstrated that human EGF was equivalent to urogastrone, a hormone capable of inhibiting gastric acid secretion. Mouse EGF and urogastrone (Uro-EGF) share a 70% homology but are antigenically distinct as shown by radioimmunoassay [7]. They are, however, interchangeable in radioligand assays and growth stimulatory experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Cohen S: Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the newborn animal. J Biol Chem 237: 1555–1562, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Savage CR Jr, Inagami T, Cohen S: The primary structure of epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 247: 7612–7621, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Savage CR Jr, Hash JH, Cohen S: Epidermal growth factor: location of disulphide bonds. J Biol Chem 248: 7669–7672, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Scott J, Patterson S, Rail L, Bell GI, Crawford R, Penschow J, Coghlan N and Coghlan J: The structure and biosynthesis of epidermal growth factor precursor. J Cell Sci Suppl 3:19–28, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Starkey RH, Cohen S, Orth DN: Epidermal growth factor: identification of a new hormone in human urine. Science 189: 800–802, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cohen S, Carpenter G: Human epidermal growth factor: isolation and chemical and biological properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 1317–1321, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gregory H: Isolation and structure of urogastrone and its relationship to epidermal growth factor. Nature 257: 325–327, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Carpenter G, Cohen S: Epidermal growth factor. Ann Rev Biochem 48: 193–216, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Carpenter G, Cohen S: EGF: Receptor interactions and the stimulation of cell growth. In: Receptors and Recognition, Series B, Lefkowitz RJ (ed). London: Chapman and Hall 13: 43–66, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Elder JB, Williams G, Lacey E, Gregory H: Cellular localization of human urogastrone-epidermal growth factor. Nature 271: 466–467, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nanney LB, Magid M, Stoscheck CM, King LE: Comparison of epidermal growth factor binding and receptor distribution in normal human epidermis and epidermal appendages. J Invest Dermatol 83: 385–393, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Elson SD, Brown CA, Thorburn GD: Identification of epidermal growth factor-like activity in human male reproductive tissues and fluids. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 58: 589–594, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kasselberg AG, Orth DN, Gray ME, Stahlman MT: Immunocytochemical localization of human epidermal growth factor/urogastrone in several human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 33: 315–322, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rail LB, Scott J, Bell GI: Mouse prepro-epidermal growth factor snthesis by the kidney and other tissues. Nature 313: 228–231, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Pfeffer S and Ullrich A: EGF—is the precursor a receptor? Nature 313: 184, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gregory H, Wiltshire IR, Kavanagh JP, Blacklock NJ, Chowdury S, Richards RC Urogastrone—epidermal growth factor concentrations in prostatic fluid of normal individuals and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Clin. Sci. 70: 359–363, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dailey GE, Kraus JW and Orth DN: Homologous radioimmunoassay for human epidermal growth factor (urogastrone). J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 46: 929–936, 1978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ances IG: Serum concentrations of epidermal growth factor in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 115: 357–362, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hirata Y, Moore GW, Bertagna C, Orth DN: Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 50: 440–444, 1980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cohen S: The stimulation of epidermal proliferation by a specific protein (EGF). Dev Biol 12: 394–403, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Carpenter G, King L, Cohen S: Rapid enhancement of protein phosphorylation in A431 cell membrane preparations by epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 254: 4884–4891, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Goldin GV, Operman LA: Induction of supernumerary tracheal buds and the stimulation of DNA synthesis in the embryonic chick lung and trachea by epidermal growth factor. J Embryol Exp Morphol 60: 235–243, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Walker-Smith JA, Phillips AD, Walford N, Gregory H, Fitzgerald JD, MacCollagh K and Wright NA. Intravenous epidermal growth factor/urogastrone increases small intestinal cell proliferation in congenital microvillous atrophy. Lancet ii: 1239–1240, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cohen S, Ushiro H, Stoscheck C, Chinkers M: A native 170,000 epidermal growth factor receptor-kinase complex from shed plasma membrane vesicles. J Biol Chem 257: 1523–1531, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Downward J, Yarden Y, Scrace G, Torry N, Stockwell P. Ullrich A, Schlessinger Waterfield MD: Close similarity of epidermal growth factor receptor and v-erb-B oncogene protein sequences. Nature 307: 521–527, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Buhrow SA, Cohen S and Stavos JV: Affinity labelling of the protein kinase associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor in membrane vesicles from A431 cells. J Biol Chem 251: 4019–4022, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Konda I, Shimizu N: Mapping of the human gene for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) on the p13–q22 region of chromosome 7. Cytogenet Cell Genet 35: 9–14, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Shimizu N, Kondo I, Gamou S, Behzadian MA, Shimizu Y: Genetic analysis of hyper-production of epidermal growth factor receptors in human epidermoid carcinoma A-431 cells. Somat Cell Mol Genet 10: 45–53, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bargmann CI, Hung M-C, Weinberg RA: The neu oncogene encodes an epidermal growth factor receptor related protein. Nature 319: 226–230, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL: Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235: 177–181, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ushiro H, Cohen S: Identification of phosphotyrosine as a product of epidermal growth factor-associated protein kinase in A-431 cell membranes. J Biol Chem 255: 8363–8365, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ullrich A, Coussens L, Hayflick JS, Dull TJ, Gray A, Tarn AW, Lee J, Yarden Y, Libermann TA, Schlesinger J, Downward J, Mayers ELV, Whittle N, Waterfield MD & Seeburg PH. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequences and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature (London) 309: 418–425, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Heldin CH, Westermark B: Growth factors: mechanism of action and relation to oncogenes. Cell 37: 9–20, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Chinkers M, Cohen S: Purified EGF receptor kinase interacts specifically with antibodies to Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein. Nature 290: 516–519, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sefton BM, Hunter T, Beeman K, Eckhart W: Evidence that the phosphorylation of tyrosine is essential for transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. Cell 20: 807–816, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Erikson E, Shealy DJ, Erikson RL: Evidence that viral transforming gene products and epidermal growth factor stimulate phosphorylation with similar specificity. J Biol Chem 256: 11381–11384, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cohen S: Internalization of functional epidermal growth factor receptor/kinase vesicles and the isolation of a calcium binding 35 kDa substrate. J Cell Biochem Suppl 10C: 99, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Huang K-S, Wallner BP, Mattaliano RJ, Tizard R, Burne C, Frey A, Hession C, McGray P, Sinclair LK, Chow EP, Browning JL, Ramachandran KL, Tang J, Smart JE, Pepinsky RB: Two human 35 kd inhibitors of phospholipase A2 are related to substrates of pp60v-src and of the epidermal growth factor receptor/kinase. Cell 46: 191–199, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Saris CJM, Tack BF, Kristensen T, Glenney JR, Hunter T: The cDNA sequence for the protein-tyrosine kinase substrate p36 (Calpactin I heavy chain) reveals a multidomain protein with internal repeats. Cell 46: 201–212, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Carpenter G, Cohen S: 125I-labelled human epidermal growth factor (hEGF): binding, internalization, and degradation in human fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 71: 159–171, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Stoscheck CM, Carpenter G: Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors: direct demonstration of receptor degradation in human fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 98: 1048–1053, 1984a.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Stoscheck CM, Carpenter G: Characterization of the metabolic turnover of epidermal growth factor receptor protein in A-431 cells. J Cell Physiol 120: 296–302, 1984b.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Murthy U, Basu M, Sen-Majumdar A, Das M: Perinuclear location and recycling of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase: immunofluorescent visualization using antibodies directed to kinase and extracellular domains. J Cell Biol 103: 333–342, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wiegant FAC, Blok FJ, Defize LHK, Linnemanns WAM, Verkley AJ, Boonstra J: Epidermal growth factor receptors associated to cytoskeletal elements of epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells. J Cell Biol 103: 87–94, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Newmark P: Events at the surface of the cell. Nature 317: 380, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. May WS, Sahyoun N, Wolf M, Cuatrecasas P: Role of intracellular calcium mobilization in the regulation of protein kinase C-mediated membrane processes. Nature 317: 549–561, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Moolenaar WH, Rob JA, Tertoolen LGJ, de Laat SW: The epidermal growth factor induced signal in A431 cells. J Biol Chem 261: 279–284, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Cochet C, Gill GN, Meisenhelder J, Cooper JA, Hunter T: C-kinase phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor and reduces its epidermal growth factor stimulated tyrosine kinase activity. J Biol Chem 259: 2553–2558, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Iwashita S, Fox CF: Epidermal growth factor and potent phorbol tumor promoters induce epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation in a similar but distinctively different manner in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. J. Biol. Chem., 259: 2559–2567, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Delarco JE, Todaro GJ: Growth factors from murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 4001–4005, 1978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Roberts AB, Anzano MA, Lamb LC, Smith LM Frolik CA, Marquardt H, Todaro GJ and Spom MB: Isolation from murine sarcoma cells of novel transforming growth factors potentiated by EGF. Nature (London) 295: 417–419, 1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Marquardt H, Hunkapiller MW, Hood LE, Todaro GJ: Rat transforming growth factor type 1: structure and relationship to epidermal growth factor. Science 223: 1079–1082, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Scott J, Urdea M, Quiroga M, Sanchez-Prescadar R, Fong N, Selby M, Rutter WJ and Bell GI: Structure of a mouse submaxillary messenger RNA encoding epidermal growth factor and seven related proteins. Science 221: 236–240, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gray A, Dull TJ, Ullrich A: Nucleotide sequence of epidermal growth factor c-DNA predicts a 128,000 molecular weight protein precursor. Nature 303: 722–725, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Todaro GJ, Fryling C, DeLarco JE: Transforming growth factors produced by certain human tumor cells: Polypeptides that interact with epidermal growth factor receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 5258–5262, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Anzano MA, Roberts AB, Meyers CA, Komoriya A et al: Synergistic interaction of two clones of transforming growth factors from murine sarcoma cells. Cancer Res 42: 4776–4778, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Massague J: Epidermal growth factor-like transforming growth factor. I. Isolation, chemical characterization and potentiation by other transforming factors from feline sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells. J Biol Chem 258: 13606–13613, 1983a.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Massague J: Epidermal growth factor-like transforming growth factor. II. Interaction with epidermal growth factor receptors in human placenta membranes and A431 cells. J Biol Chem 258: 13614–13620, 1983b.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Reynolds FH Jr, Todaro GJ, Fryling C, Stephenson JR: Human transforming growth factors induce tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors. Nature (London) 292: 259–262, 1981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Twardzik DR, Todaro GJ, Reynolds FH, Stephenson JR: Similar transforming growth factors (TGFs) produced by cells transformed by different isolates of feline sarcoma virus. Virology 124: 201–207, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Tarn JP: Physiological effects of transforming growth factor in the newborn mouse. Science 229: 673–675, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Turkington RW: Stimulation of mammary carcinoma cell proliferation by epithelial growth factor in vitro. Cancer Res 29: 1457–1458, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Yang J, Guzman R, Richards J, Imagawa W, McCormick K, Nandi S: 1980 Growth factor- and cyclic nucleotide-induced proliferation of normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells in primary culture. Endocrinology 107: 35–41, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Tonelli QJ, Sorof S: Epidermal growth factor requirement for development of cultured mammary gland. Nature 285: 250–252, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Taketami Y, Oka T: Biological action of epidermal growth factor and its functional receptors in normal mammary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2647–2650, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Taketami Y, Oka T: Epidermal growth factor stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits functional differentiation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in culture. Endocrinology 113: 871–877, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Okamoto S, Oka T: Evidence for physiological function of epidermal growth factors: Pregestational sialoadenectomy in mice decreases milk production and increases offspring mortality during lactation period. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 6059–6063, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Nandi S, McGrath CM: Mammary neoplasia in mice. Adv Cancer Res 17: 353–414, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Medina D: In: The Mouse in Biomedical Research, Vol. 4, Foster HL, Small JD and Fox JG (eds). New York, Academic Press, 373–396.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kurachi H, Okamoto S, Oka T: Evidence for the involvement of the submandibular gland epidermal growth factor in mouse mammary tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5940–5943, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Osborne CK, Hamilton B, Titus G, Livingston RB: Epidermal growth factor stimulation of human breast cancer cells in culture. Cancer Res 40: 2362–2366, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Fitzpatrick SL, LaChance MP, Schultz GS: Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor and action on human breast cancer cells in culture. Cancer Res 44: 3442–3447, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Imai Y, Leung CKH, Friesen HG, Shiu RPC: Epidermal growth factor receptors and effect of epidermal growth factor on growth of human breast cancer cells in long-term tissue culture. Cancer Res 42: 4394–4398, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Costa SD, Fabbro D, Regazzi R, Kung W and Eppenberger U: The cytosolic phorboid receptor correlates with hormone dependency in six mammary carcinoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 133: 814–822, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Fabbro D, Regazzi R, Costa SD, Borner C and Eppenberger U: Protein kinase C desensitization by phorbol esters and its impact on growth of human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 135: 65–73, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Roos W, Fabbro D, Kung W, Costa SD, Eppenberger U: Correlation between hormone dependency and the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor by tumor promoters in human mammary carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 991–995, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Lippman ME, Dickson RB, Bates S, Knabbe C, Huff K, Swain S, McManaway M, Bronzert D, Kasid A, Gelmann EP: Autocrine and paracrine growth regulation of human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 7: 59–70, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Murphy LJ, Sutherland RL, Stead B, Murphy LC, Lazarus L: Progestin regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors in human mammary carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 46: 728–734, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Fox CF: Actions of tyrosine protein kinases on steroid hormone receptor properties. J Cell Biochem Suppl 10C: 107, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Mukku VR, Stancel GM: Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor by estrogen. J Biol Chem 260: 9820–9824, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Carpenter G: Binding assays for epidermal growth factor. Methods in Enzymology 109: 101–110, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Sainsbury JRC, Farndon JR, Sherbet GV and Harris AL: Epidermal growth factor receptors and oestrogen receptors in human breast cancers. Lancet i: 364–366, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Perez R, Pascual M, Macias A, Lage A: Epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 4: 189–193, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Fitzpatrick SL, Brightwell J, Wittliff JL, Barrows GH, Schultz GS: Epidermal growth factor binding by breast tumor biopsies and relationship to estrogen and progestin receptor levels. Cancer Res 44: 3448–3453, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Crawford D: New storage procedure for human tumor biopsies prior to oestrogen receptor measurement. Cancer Res 44: 2348–2351, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Gusterson B, Cowley G, Smith JA, Ozanne B: Cellular localization of human epidermal growth factor. Cell Biol Internat Rep 8: 649–657, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Real FX, Rettig WJ, Chesa PG, Melamed MR, Old LJ, Mendelsohn J: Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in human cultured cells and tissues: relationship to cell lineage and stage of differentiation. Cancer Res 46: 4726–4731, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Waterfield MD, Mayers ELV, Stroobant P, Bennet PLP, Young S, Goodfellow PN, Banting GS, Ozanne B: A Monoclonal Antibody to The human epidermal growth factor receptor. J Cell Biochem 20: 149–161, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Dickson RB, Rates SE, McManaway ME and Lippman ME: Characterization of estrogen responsive transforming activity in human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 46: 1707–1713, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Sainsbury JRC, Malcolm AJ, Appleton DR, Farndon JR, Harris AL: Presence of epidermal growth factor receptor as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 38: 1225–1228, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Sainsburg JRC, Farndon JR, Needham GK,Malcohn AJ and Hamis AC:Epidemal growth factor receptor status as predictor of early recurrence of and death from breart Cancer. Lancet 1: 1398–1402, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Dano K, Andreasen PA, Grondahl-Hansen J, Kristensen P, Neilsen LS, Skriver L: Plasminogen activators, tissue degradation and cancer. Adv Cancer Res 44: 139–226, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Tripputi P, Blasi F, Ny T, Emanuel BS, Lefofsky J, Croce CM: Tissue type Plasminogen activator gene is on chromosome 8. Cytogenet Cell Genet 42: 24–28, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Butler WB, Kirkland WL, Jorgensen TL: Induction of Plasminogen activator by estrogen in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 90: 1328–1334, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Huff K, Lippmann ME: Hormonal control of Plasminogen activator secretion in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells in culture. Endocrinology 114: 1702–1710, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Wilson EL, Dutlow C, Dowdle EB: Effect of hormones on the secretion of Plasminogen activator by a new line of human breast carcinoma cells, UCT-Brl. In: Growth of Cells in Hormonally Defined Media, New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, 1982, pp 849–854.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Lee LS, Weinstein IB: Epidermal growth factor-like phorbol esters induce Plasminogen activator in HeLa cells. Nature 274–696–697, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Gross JL, Krupp MN, Rifkin DB, Lane DM: Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor correlates with Plasminogen activator activity in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2276–2280, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Duffy MJ, O’Grady P, Simon J, Rose M, Lijnen HR: Tissue type Plasminogen activator in breast cancer: relationship with estradiol and progesterone receptors. J Natl Cancer Inst 77: 621–623, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Vassalli JD, Baccino D, Belin D: A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human Plasminogen activator Urokinase. J Cell Biol 100: 86–92, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Needham GK, Sherbet GV, Farndon JR, Harris AL: Binding of Urokinase to specific receptor sites on human breast cancer membranes. Br J Cancer 55: 13–16, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Jones PA, Rhim JS, Isaacs H, McAllister RM: The relationship between tumorigenicity, growth in agar and fibrin lytic activity in a line of human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Cancer 16: 616–621, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Chapman HA, Varsin Z and Hibbs JB: Macrophage fibrinolytic activity: Identification of two pathways of plasmin formation by intact cells and of a Plasminogen activator inhibitor. Cell 28: 653–662, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Blasi F, Stoppelli MP, Cubellis MV: The receptor for Urokinase, Plasminogen activator. J Cell Biochem 32: 179–186, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Bachman F, Kruithof EKO: Tissue Plasminogen activator. Chemical and physiological aspects. Sem Thromb & Hemostas 10: 6–17, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Ng R, Wong A, Kellen JA: Localization of Plasminogen activator(s) in primary and secondary rat adenocarcinoma cells. Clin Exptl Metastasis 3: 73, 1985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Ryan TJ, Seeger JI, Kumar SA, Dickerman HW: Estradiol preferentially enhances extracellular tissue Plasminogen activators of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 259: 14324–14327, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Thorsen T: Association of Plasminogen activator activity and steroid receptors in human breast cancers. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 18: 129–132, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Libermann TA, Nusbaum HR, Razon N, Kris R, Lax I, Soreq H, Whittle N, Waterfield MD, Ullrich A and Schlessinger J: Amplification, enhanced expression and possible rearrangement of EGF receptor gene in primary human brain tumors of glial origin. Nature 313: 144–147, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ozanne B, Schum A, Richards CS et ah Evidence for increased EGF receptor in epidermal malignancies. In: Cancer Cell Vol. III: Growth Factors and Transformation. New York, 1985, Cold Spring Harbor Labs, pp 41–49.

    Google Scholar 

  111. King CR, Kraus MH, Williams LT, Merlino GT, Pastan IH, Aaronson SA: Human tumor cell lines with EGF receptor gene amplification in the absence of aberrant sized mRNAs. Nucl Acids Res 13: 8477–8486, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Yamamoto T, Kamata N, Kawano H, Shimizu S, Kuroki T, Toyoshima K, Rikimaru K, Nomura N, Ishizaki R, Pastan I, Gamou S, Shimizu N: High incidence of amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human squamous carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 46: 414–416, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lin CR, Chen WS, Lazar CS, Carpenter CD, Gill GN, Evans RM, Rosenfeld MG: Protein kinase C phosphorylation at Thr 654 of the unoccupied EGF receptor and EGF binding regulate functional receptor loss by independent mechanisms. Cell 44: 839–848, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Velu TJ, Beguinot L, Vass WC, Willingham MC, Merlino GT, Pastan I. and Lowy, DR. Epidermal growth factor-dependent transformation by a human EGF receptor protooncogene. Science, 238, 1408–1410, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Stern DF, Roberts AB, Roche NS, Sporn MB, Weinberg RA: Differential responsiveness of myc- and ras-transfected cells to growth factors: selective stimulation of myc-transfected cells by epidermal growth factor. Mol Cell Biol 6: 870–877, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Balk SD, Riley TM, Gunther HS and Morisi M: Heparin-treated, v-myc-transformed chicken heart mesenchymal cells assume a normal morphology but are hypersensitive to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); cells transformed by the v-Ha-ras oncogene are refractory to EGF and bFGF but are hypersensitive to insulin-like growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5781–5785, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Nestor JJ Jr, Newman SR, DeLustro B, Todaro GJ, Schreiber AB: A synthetic fragment of rat transforming growth factor a with receptor binding and antigenic properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 129: 226–232, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Davis RJ, Czech MP: Amiloride directly inhibits growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity. J Biol Chem 260: 2543–2551, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Madhukar BV, Brewster DW, Matsumura F: Effects of in vivo-administered 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on receptor binding of epidermal growth factor in the hepatic plasma membrane of rat, guinea-pig, mouse and hamster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7407–7411, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Moore GPM, Panaretto BA, Robertson D: Inhibition of wool growth in merino sheep following administration of mouse epidermal growth factor and a derivative. Aust J Biol Sci 35: 163–172, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Adrian L. Harris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stewart Nicholson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Cancer Institute, USA

    Marc E. Lippman  & Robert B. Dickson  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harris, A.L., Nicholson, S. (1988). Epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer. In: Lippman, M.E., Dickson, R.B. (eds) Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 40. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1733-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1733-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8975-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1733-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation