Abstract
Mucosal surfaces of the alimentary tract and respiratory system are exposed to a host of deleterious agents, many of which are microorganisms and their products. The tissues of these organ-systems are defended by an array of resistance factors including the mucus barrier, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and antibodies principally of the secretory IgA isotype (Goldman et al., 1985; Udall, 1985). During early life, however, these immunologic mechanisms are poorly developed and the infant is therefore more vulnerable to the effects of microbial pathogens, foreign antigens, or inflammatory substances that are generated by the activation of elements of the next line of defense - the complement system, coagulation factors, certain isotypes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgE), local or elicited leukocytes, (mast cells, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, T cells) and a wide variety of mediators.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andersson, B., Porras, O., Hanson, L. Å., Svanborg-Eden, C., and Leffler, H., 1985, Nonantibody containing fractions of breast milk inhibit epithelial attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, Lancet, I: 643.
Aruoma, O. I., and Halliwell, B., 1987, Superoxide-dependent and ascorbate-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron. Are lactoferrin and transferrin promoters of hydroxyl-radical generation?, Biochem. J., 241: 273.
Baldwin, D. A., Jenny, E. R., and Aisen, P., 1984, The effect of human serum transferrin and milk lactoferrin on hydroxyl radical formation from superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, J. Biol. Chem., 159: 13391.
Ballow, M., Fang, F., Good, R. A., Day, N. K., 1974, Developmental aspects of complement components and C3 proactivator (properdin factor B) in human colostrum, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 18: 257.
Bendich, A., D’Apolito, P., Gabriel, E., and Machlin, L. J., 1983, Modulation of the immune system function of guinea pigs by dietary vitamins E and C following exposure to 100% O2, Fed. Proc., 42: 923.
Bendich, A., D’Apolito, P., Gabriel, E., and Machlin, L. J., 1984, Interaction of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E on guinea pig immune responses to mitogens, J. Nutr., 114: 1588.
Bendich, A., Gabriel, E., and Machlin, L. J., 1986, Dietary vitamin E requirement for optimum immune responses in the rat, J. Nutr., 116: 675.
Blanc, B., 1981, Biochemical aspects of human milk - comparison with bovine milk, World Rev. Nutr. Diet., 36: 1.
Brines, R. D., and Brock, J. H., 1983, The effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin on the in vitro antimicrobial and iron binding properties of lactoferrin in human milk and bovine colostrum, Biochem. Biophys., 759: 229.
Buescher, E. S., and McIlheran, S. M., 1988, Further characterization of anti-oxidant components in human colostrum, Pediatr. Res., 470A: 1613 (abstract).
Burton, G. W., and Ingold, K. U., 1984, ß-Carotene: An unusual type of lipid anti-oxidant, Science, 224: 569.
Carpenter, G., 1980, Epidermal growth factor is a major growth-promoting agent in human milk, Science, 210: 198.
Chapell, J. E., Francis, T., and Clandinin, M. T., 1985, Vitamin A and E content of human milk at early stages of lactation, Early Hum. Dev., 11: 157.
Cunningham, A. S., 1981, Breast-feeding and morbidity in industrialized countries: an update, in: “Advances in International Maternal and Child Health,” D. B. Jelliffe, E. F. P. Jelliffe, eds., Oxford University Press, New York.
Davis, C. P., Houston, C. W., Fader, R. C., Goldblum, R. M., Weaver, E. A., and Goldman, A. S., 1982, Immunoglobulin A and secretory immunglobulin A antibodies to purified type 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae pili in human colostrum, Infect. Immun., 38: 496.
Duffy, L. C., Riepenhoff-Talty, M., Byers, T. E., LaScolea, L. J., Zielezny, M. A., Dryja, D. M., and Ogra, P. L., 1986, Modulation of rotavirus enteritis during breast-feeding. Implication on alteration in the intestinal bacterial flora, Am. J. Dis. Child., 140: 1164.
Garza, C., Johnson, C. A., Harrist, R., and Nichols, B. L., 1982, Effects of methods of collection and storage of nutrients in human milk, Early Hum. Dev., 6: 295.
Goldman, A. S., Garza, C., Nichols, B. L., and Goldblum, R. M., 1982, Immunologic factors in human milk during the first year of lactation, J. Pediatr., 100: 563.
Goldman, A. S., and Goldblum, R. M., 1985, Protective properties of human milk, in: “Nutrition in Pediatrics - Basic Sciences and Clinical Application,” W. A. Walker and J. B. Watkins, eds., Little, Brown and Co., Boston.
Goldman, A. S., and Goldblum, R. M., 1986, Immunoglobulins in human milk, in: “Natural Antimicrobial Systems,” R. G. Board, ed., Bath University Press, Bath, U.K. and International Dairy Federation, Brussels.
Goldman, A. S., and Goldblum, R. M., 1989, Immunologic system in human milk: characteristics and effects, in: “Textbook of Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Early Childhood,” 2nd Edition, E. Lebenthal, ed., Raven Press, New York.
Goldman, A. S., Ham Pong, A. J., and Goldblum, R. M., 1985, Host defenses: Development and maternal contributions, in: “Advances in Pediatrics,” L. A. Barness, ed., Yearbook Medical Publ., Chicago.
Goldman, A. S., Thorpe, L. W., Goldblum, R. M., and Hanson, L. A., 1986, Antiinflammatory properties of human milk, Acta Paediatr. Scand., 75: 689.
Gordon, J. E., Chitkara, I. D., and Wyon, J. B., 1963, Weaning diarrhea, Am. J. Med. Sci., 245: 345.
Grulee, C. G., Sanford, H. N., and Schwartz, H., 1935, Breast and artificially-fed infants. A study of the age incidence in the morbidity and mortality in twenty thousand cases, JAMA, 104: 1986.
Gutteridge, J. M. C., Patterson, S. K., Segal, A. W., and Halliwell, B., 1981, Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the iron-binding protein lactoferrin, Biochem. J., 199: 259.
Hall, R. A., and Widdowson, E. M., 1979, Response of the organs of rabbits to feeding during the first days after birth, Biol. Neonate., 35: 131.
Hanson, L. Å., Ahlstedt, S., Carlsson, B., and Fallstrom, S. P., 1977, Secretory IgA antibodies against cow’s milk proteins in human milk and their possible effect in mixed feedings, Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 54: 457.
Harmatz, P., Hanson, D. G., Brown, M., Kleinman, R. E., Walker, W. A., and Block, K. J., 1986, Transfer of maternal food proteins in milk, in: “Human Lactation. III. The Effects of Human Milk upon the Recipient Infant,” A. S. Goldman, S. A. Atkinson, and L. Å. Hanson, eds., Plenum Press, New York and London.
Heird, W. C., and Hanson, I. H., 1977, Effect of colostrum on growth of intestinal mucosa, Pediatr. Res., 11: 406 (abstract).
Heydicky, G. V., 1963, Further investigations on the enzymes in human milk, Pediatrics, 31: 1019.
Holmgren, J., Hanson, L. Å., Carlsson, B., Lindblad, B. S., and Rahimtoola, J., 1976, Neutralizing antibodies against E. coli and V. cholerae entero-toxin in human milk from a developing country, Scand. J. Immunol., 5: 867.
Holmgren, J., Svennerhold, A-M., Lindblad, M., Strecker, G., 1987, Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and toxin binding by glycoconjugate and oligosaccharide receptor analogues in human milk, in: “Human Lactation. III: The Effects of Human Milk Upon the Recipient Infant,” A. S. Goldman, S. A. Atkinson, and L. A. Hanson, eds, Plenum Press, New York and London.
Horie, N., Okamoto, U., and Togawa, C., 1982, Studies on the plasminogen activating system in human milk. VI. Differences in properties between milk activator and glandular kallikrien, Acta Haematol., 45: 1099.
Horne, C. H. W., Armstrong, S. S., and Thomson, A. W., 1983, Detection of pregnancy associated a2-glycoprotein (a2-PAG), in IgA producing plasma cells and in body secretions, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 51: 631.
Jansson, L., Akesson, B., and Holmberg, I., 1981, Vitamin E and fatty acid composition of human milk, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 34: 8.
Kidwell, W. R., Salomon, D. S., and Mohanam, S., 1987, Production of growth factors by normal human mammary cells in culture, in: “Human Lactation. III. The Effects of Human Milk Upon the Recipient Infant,” A. S. Goldman, S. A. Atkinson, and L. Å. Hanson, eds., Plenum Press, New York and London.
Kijlstra, A., and Jeruissen, S. H. M., 1982, Modulation of classical C3 convertase of complement by tear lactoferrin, Immunology., 47: 263.
Kilshaw, P. J., and Cant, A. J., 1984, The passage of maternal dietary proteins into human breast milk, Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 75: 8.
Klagsbrun, M., 1978, Human milk stimulates DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in cultured fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 75: 5057.
Kolsto Otnaess, A-B., Laegreid, A., and Ertresvag, K., 1983, Inhibition of enterotoxin from Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae by gangliosides from human milk, Infect. Immun., 40: 563.
Kulangara, A. C., 1980, The demonstration of ingested wheat antigens in human breast milk, IRCS Med. Sci., (Biochem) 8: (Part 1) 19.
Lindberg, T., Ohlsson, K., and Westrom, B., 1982, Protease inhibitors and their relations to protease activity in human milk, Pediatr. Res., 16: 479.
Lindh, E., 1975, Increased resistance of immunoglobulin dimers to proteolytic degradation after binding of secretory component, J. Immunol., 114: 284.
Mata, L. J., and Urrutia, J. J., 1971, Intestinal colonization of breast-fed children in a rural area of low socioeconomic level, Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 176: 93.
Mata, L. J., Urrutia, J. J., Garcia, B., Fernandez, R., and Behar, M., 1969, Shigella infection in breast-fed Guatemalan Indian neonates, Am. J. Dis. Child., 117: 142.
Mata, L. J., Urrutia, J. J., and Gordon, J. E., Diarrheal disease in cohort of Guatemalan village children observed from birth to age two years, Trop. Geogr. Med., 29: 247.
Moran, R., Vaughn, R., and Orth, D. N., 1982, Epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations and daily production in breast milk during six weeks post delivery in mothers of premature infants, Pediatr. Res., 16: 172 (abstract).
Niki, E., Tsuchiya, J., Tanimura, R., and Kamiya, Y., 1982, Regeneration of vitamin E from alpha-chromanoxyl radical by glutathione and vitamin C, Chem. Lett., 789.
Ogra, S. S., and Ogra, P. L., 1978, Immunologic aspects of human colostrum and milk. II. Characteristics of lymphocyte reactivity and distribution of E-rosette forming cells at different times after the onset of lactation, J. Pediatr., 2: 550.
Ostrea, E. A., Jr., Balun, J. E., Winkler, R., and Porter, T., 1986, Influence of breast-feeding on the restoration of the low serum concentration of vitamin E and ß-carotene in the newborn infant, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 154: 1014.
Pickering, L. K., Cleary, T. G., Kohl, S., and Getz, S., 1980, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes of human colostrum. I. Oxidative metabolism, J. Infect. Dis., 142: 685.
Rassin, D. K., Sturman, J. A., and Gaull, G. E., 1978, Taurine and other free amino acids in milk of man and other mammals, Early Hum. Dev., 2: 1.
Schanler, R. J., Goldblum, R. M., Garza, C., and Goldman, A. S., 1986, Enhanced fecal excretion of secreted immune factors in very low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk, Pediatr. Res., 20: 711.
Schwartz, S. M., and Heird, W. C., 1981, Further studies of colostrum-stimulated enteric mucosal growth, Pediatr. Res., 15: 546 (abstract).
Spik, G., Brunet, B., Mazurier-Dehaine, C., Fontaine, F., and Montreuil, J., 1982, Characterization and properties of the human and bovine lactotransferrin extracted from the faeces of newborn infants, Acta Paediatr. Scand., 71: 979.
Stuart, C. A., Twiselton, R., Nicholas, M. K., and Hide, D. W., 1984, Passage of cow’s milk protein in breast milk, Clin. Allergy., 14: 533.
Smith, C. W., and Goldman, A. S., 1968, The cells of human colostrum. In vitro studies of morphology and function, Pediatr. Res., 2: 103.
Stoliar, O. A., Pelley, R. P., Kaniecki-Green, E., Klaus, M. H., and Carpenter, C. C., 1976, Secretory IgA against enterotoxins in breast milk, Lancet, I: 1258.
Tengerdy, R. P., Mathias, M. M., and Nockels, C. F., 1981, Vitamin E, immunity and disease resistance, in: “Diet and Resistance to Disease,” M. Phillips and A. Baetz, eds., Plenum Press, New York.
Thorpe, L. W., Rudloff, H. E., and Goldman, A. S., 1986, The decreased response of human milk leukocytes to chemoattractant peptides, Pediatr. Res., 20: 373.
Udall, J. N., 1985, Immunologic aspects of gut function, in: “Nutrition in Pediatrics. Basic Science and Clinical Application,” W. A. Walker and J. B. Watkins, eds., Little, Brown, and Company, Boston/Toronto.
Underdown, B. J., Knight, A., and Papsin, F. R., 1976, The relative paucity of IgE in human milk, J. Immunol., 116: 1435.
Weissmann, G., Smolen, J. E., and Korchak, H., 1980, Prostaglandins and inflammation: Receptor/cyclase coupling as an explanation of why PGEs and PGI2 inhibit function of inflammatory cells, in: “Advances in Prostaglandin and Thomboxane Research,” B. Samuelsson, P. W. Ramwell, and R. Paoletti, eds., Raven Press, New York.
Werner, H., Koch, Y., Fridkin, M., Fahrenkrug, J., and Gozes, I., 1985, High levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in human milk, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 133: 228.
Widdowson, E. M, Colombo, V. E., and Artavanis, C. A., 1976, Changes in the organs of pigs in response to feeding for the first 24 hours after birth. II. The digestive tract, Biol. Neonate, 28: 272.
Winterbourn, C. C., 1983, Lactoferrin-catalysed hydroxyl radical production. Additional requirement for a chelating agent, Biochem. J., 210: 15.
Woodbury, R. M., 1922, The relation between breast and artificial feeding and infant mortality, Am. J. Hyg., 2: 668.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goldman, A.S., Goldblum, R.M., Hanson, L.Å. (1990). Anti-Inflammatory Systems in Human Milk. In: Bendich, A., Phillips, M., Tengerdy, R.P. (eds) Antioxidant Nutrients and Immune Functions. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 262. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0553-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0553-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7863-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0553-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive