Abstract
There are many psychological explanations for the development of depressive patterns of response. Generally, psychoanalytic formulations regarding introjected anger have not stood the test of time or research (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). Behavioral formulations, by contrast, have focused on well-established principles of learning in trying to understand the establishment, maintenance, and treatment of the depressive process. Boyd and Levis (1980) have identified four conceptual approaches for understanding depression from a behavioral perspective: S-R nonmotivational, S-R motivational, S-S nonmotivational, and S-S motivational.
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Freeman, A., Davis, D.D. (1990). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. In: Bellack, A.S., Hersen, M., Kazdin, A.E. (eds) International Handbook of Behavior Modification and Therapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0523-1_16
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