Abstract
Parkinsonian tremor (Lance et al., 1963; Findley et al., 1981; Elble and Koller, 1990), has most often been attributed to neuronal oscillatory activity in cerebello-thalamocortical, rather than in basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. This notion is supported by several lines of evidence. Lesions of the substantia nigra produce tremor in monkeys only in combination with damage to cerebellorubral, and cerebellothalamic pathways (Poirier, 1960). Similarly, systemic treatment of monkeys with the neurotoxin l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which causes clinical and pathological changes closely resembling human parkinsonism (e.g., DeLong, 1990), does not result in low frequency tremor in most primate species (Burns et al., 1983; Langston et al., 1984; Jenner et al., 1986). In addition, periodic oscillatory neuronal activity was found in the cerebello-thalamocortical circuits in animal models of tremor in in-vitro (Llinas and Yarom, 1981a,b; Jahnsen and Llinas, 1984a,b) and in-vivo studies (de Montigny and Lamarre, 1973; Llinas and Volkind, 1973; Lamarre and Joffroy, 1979). Furthermore, parkinsonian tremor in humans is effectively reduced by thalamic lesions, especially when placed in the Vim nucleus, the cerebellar receiving area of the ventrolateral thalamus. In fact, electrophysiological recording during lesioning surgeries revealed rhythmic neuronal discharge in Vim, in synchrony with tremor (Ohye et al., 1974; Lenz et al., 1988; Narabayashi, 1990).
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Bergman, H., Wichmann, T., Karmon, B., DeLong, M.R. (1994). Parkinsonian Tremor is Associated with Low Frequency Neuronal Oscillations in Selective Loops of the Basal Ganglia. In: Percheron, G., McKenzie, J.S., Féger, J. (eds) The Basal Ganglia IV. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 41. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0485-2_33
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