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Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of Ascorbic Acid

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Subcellular Biochemistry

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 25))

Abstract

It has been known since the early days of ascorbic acid research that the appearance of scurvy, which is caused by deficiency of this vitamin, is associated with decreased resistance to infection (Reid and Briggs, 1953). Over the years, it has become well recognized that ascorbate can bolster the natural defense mechanisms of the host and provide protection not only against infectious disease, but also against cancer and other chronic degenerative diseases. The functions involved in ascorbate’s enhancement of host resistance to disease include its biosynthetic (hy-droxylating), antioxidant, and immunostimulatory activities. In addition, ascorbate exerts a direct antiviral action that may confer specific protection against viral disease. The vitamin has been found to inactivate a wide spectrum of viruses as well as suppress viral replication abd expression in infected cell. In this article we review the antiviral and immunotimulatory effects of ascorbate and their relevance to control of acute and chronic viral infections. Detailed discussion of thr biosynthetic activities of ascorbate has been presented in a review by England and Seifter (1986). The antinoxidant function of ascorbate has been reviewed recently by Bendich (1988)

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Abbreviations

AZT:

3′-azidothymidine

CD:

cluster of differentiation

CHS:

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Con A:

concanavalin-A

EAE:

experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

HIV:

human immunodeficiency virus

HTLV-1:

human T-cell leukemia virus-1

HTLV-1:

human T-cell leukemia virus-1

IL:

interleukin

INF:

interferon

NAC:

N-acetyl cysteine

NF-kB:

neurotrophic factor-k beta

PBMC:

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PMA:

phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

PMN:

polymorphonuclear neutrophil

RT:

reverse transcriptase

TNF-2:

tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virology and Immunodeficiency Research Program, Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, California, 94306, USA

    Raxit J. Jariwalla & Steve Harakeh

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  1. Raxit J. Jariwalla
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  1. Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    J. Robin Harris

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Jariwalla, R.J., Harakeh, S. (1996). Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of Ascorbic Acid. In: Harris, J.R. (eds) Subcellular Biochemistry. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0325-1_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0325-1_11

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