Abstract
One of the most noteworthy features of the behavior of human drug abusers is the extent to which their behavioral repertoire consists of responses maintained by procurement, preparation, and the ultimate administration of drug. Since abusers can be totally consumed with drug-seeking and drug-oriented behaviors and since drug abuse is obviously maladaptive, many theories of drug addiction and abuse have emphasized what were thought to be fundamental pathologies in personality or motivations unique to the drug abuser. However, as Sidman (1960) noted many years ago, pathological states in behavior, as in medicine, can be manifestations of normal processes which are determined, lawful extensions of normal functioning in what is often an atypical environment. Excessive behavior maintained by drug, therefore, may be functionally no different from other behavior but maintained in an environment that promotes its predominance. Following the above interpretation, laboratory studies can examine the extent to which drug-seeking or drug-taking behavior is different from behavior maintained by other stimulus events. A related question is whether the reinforcing effects of drugs are fundamentally different from the reinforcing effects of other events that maintain behavior.
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Katz, J.L., Goldberg, S.R. (1987). Second-Order Schedules of Drug Injection. In: Bozarth, M.A. (eds) Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4812-5_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4812-5_5
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