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Insect Neuroendocrinology: Its Past; its Present; Future Opportunities

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Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology · 1989 ·

Part of the book series: Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience ((ECN))

Abstract

Insects played a major historical role as experimental animals to provide some of the first evidence concerning endocrine functions by the nervous system. Kopec (1917; 1922) extirpated brains from larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar and demonstrated that debrained larvae were unable to pupate. This finding provided early evidence that the brain of animals secreted factors that promoted physiological events and, hence, acted in an endocrine manner. Despite these early findings, little further evidence was provided for neurosecretion until the definitive pioneering work of Ernst and Berta Scharrer. With the animal kingdom divided between them (Ernst studying the vertebrates; Berta studying the invertebrates), Ernst first reported that nerve cells had secretory activity in the fish Phoxinus laevis (Scharrer, 1928). The first description of neuroendocrine activity in invertebrates was reported by Berta for neural cells in the X-organ of Aplysia (Scharrer, 1935). This was followed in 1937, by a report identifying secretory cells in the nervous systems of a variety of invertebrates including insects (Scharrer, 1937). Finally, in 1941, a detailed description of insect neurosecretory cells was presented for the corpora cardiaca of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae (Scharrer, 1941). Eventually this husband-wife team described the structural and functional similarities between the brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex of insects and the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial complex of vertebrates (Scharrer and Scharrer, 1944). Hence, insects played a key role in the birth of neuroendocrinology by serving as models in which to identify and define the phenomenon of neurosecretion, and insects remain useful as model animals for this purpose today.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratories for Invertebrate Neuroendocrine Research Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Larry L. Keeley, T. K. Hayes & J. Y. Bradfield

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  1. Larry L. Keeley
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  2. T. K. Hayes
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  3. J. Y. Bradfield
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  1. Insect Reproduction Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 306, Room 323, BARC-East, 20705, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    A. B. Borkovec  & Edward. P. Masler  & 

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Keeley, L.L., Hayes, T.K., Bradfield, J.Y. (1990). Insect Neuroendocrinology: Its Past; its Present; Future Opportunities. In: Borkovec, A.B., Masler, E.P. (eds) Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology · 1989 ·. Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4512-4_6

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