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Limnological and Engineering Analysis of Polluted Urban Lake

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Environmental Management ((SSEM))

Abstract

The concentrations of four major cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and three major anions, HCO -3 , SO 24 -, and Cl-, essentially constitute the total ionic salinity of most fresh waters, as other ions make very minor contributions (Wetzel 1983). Undissociated materials, such as silicic acid, make insignificant contributions to the total dissolved solids in moderate to higher ionic strength waters. Four of the major ions, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Cl-;, are largely conservative (i.e., unreactive) in lake ecosystems. The salinity of most lakes is governed by the composition of inflowing waters (Wetzel 1983).

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Effler, S.W. et al. (1996). Chemistry. In: Effler, S.W. (eds) Limnological and Engineering Analysis of Polluted Urban Lake. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2318-4_5

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