Skip to main content

Liver Cell Entry In Vivo and Enzymic Conversion

  • Chapter
Whole Organ Approaches to Cellular Metabolism

Abstract

The liver is a unique organ from the kinetic point of view. The endothelium lining the hepatic sinusoids is so highly permeable that the organ presents only a simple barrier to parenchymal cell entry of substrates. The situation is not simple, however, because interposed between the vascular lumen and cell membrane there is an interstitial space that modifies access of molecules to the liver cell surface. The barrier itself is generally not passive. The cell membrane structure exhibits all of the usual characteristics: enzymes facilitate the utilization of substrate or the conversion of materials to products within the liver cell. We will review here how tracer methodology has provided insight into these processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Cahill, G. F. Jr., J. Ashmore, A. S. Earle, and S. Zottu. Glucose penetration into liver. Am. J. Physiol. 192:491–496, 1958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chinard, F. P., G. J. Vosburgh, and T. Enns. Transcapillary exchange of water and other substances in certain organs of the dog. Am. J. Physiol. 183:221–234, 1955.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crone, C. The permeability of capillaries in various organs as determined by use of the “indicator diffusion” method. Acta Physiol. Scand. 58:292–305, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuatrecasas, P. and S. Segal. Mammalian galactokinase. J. Biol. Chem. 240:2382–2388, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A. A linear method for determining liver sinusoidal and extravascular volumes. Am. J. Physiol. 204:626–640, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A. Kinetic interpretation of hepatic multiple-indicator dilution studies. Am. J. Physiol. 245(Gastrointest. Liver Physiol 8):G1–G12, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A. and A. C. Groom. Microcirculatory events in the liver and spleen. In: Handbook of Physiology, Section 2, The Cardiovascular System, Vol. IV, Microcirculation, edited by E. M. Renkin and C. C. Michel. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1984, pp. 689–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A. and B. E. Nadeau. Uptake of materials by the intact liver: The exchange of glucose across the cell membranes. J. Clin. Invest. 53:634–646, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A. and C. P. Rose. Blood-tissue exchange in liver and heart: The influence of the heterogeneity of capillary transit times. Fed. Proc. 36:2629–2634, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A. and M. Silverman. Effect of correction of catheter distortion on calculated liver sinusoidal volumes. Am. J. Physiol. 207:883–892, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., W. H. Zeigler, and G. G. Bach. Capillary exchange modeling: Barrier limited and flow limited distribution. Circ. Res. 27:739–764, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., G. G. Bach and B. E. Nadeau. On the uptake of materials by the intact liver: the concentrative transport of rubidium86. J. Clin Invest. 53:975–990, 1973a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., G. G. Bach, and B. E. Nadeau. On the uptake of materials by the intact liver: the transport and net removal of galactose. J. Clin. Invest. 52:991–1009, 1973b.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., P.-M. Huet, and J. P. Villeneuve. Blood tissue exchange and blood flow in liver. In: Hepatology, edited by D. Zakim and T. Boyer. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 1982, pp. 32–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., G. G. Bach, and C. P. Rose. Effects of saturating metabolic uptake on space profiles and tracer kinetics. Am. J. Physiol. 244 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 7):G215–G232, 1983a.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., K. S. Pang, A. J. Schwab, F. Barker III, W. F. Cherry, and G. G. Bach. Uptake of a protein-bound polar compound, acetaminophen sulfate, by perfused rat liver. Hepatology 16:173–190, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., E. R. Gordon, and G. G. Bach. Uptake of monohydric alcohols by liver: Demonstration of a shared enzymic space. Am. J. Physiol. 244 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 7):G198–G214, 1983a.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., G. G. Bach, and A. J. Schwab. Distributed-in-space product formation in vivo: linear kinetics. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Heart Circ. Physiol 33):H2007–H2028, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goresky, C. A., G. G. Bach, and A. J. Schwab. Distributed-in-space product formation in vivo: Enzymic kinetics. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Heart Circ. Physiol 33):H2029–H2050, 1993a.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, W. F., J. W. Moore, J. M. Kinsman, and R. G. Spurling. Simultaneous determination of the pulmonary and systemic circulation times in man and of a figure related to the cardiac output. Am. J. Physiol. 84:338–344, 1928.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, F. A., E. R. Weibel, and R. Preisig. Morphometry of the dog liver: Normal baseline data. Virchows Arch. B. 12:303–317, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Layden, T. J., J. Schwarz, and J. L. Boyer. Scanning electron microscopy of rat liver: Studies of the effects of taurocholate and other models of cholestasis. Gastroenterology 69:724–738, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Love, W. D., R. B. Ronney, and G. E. Burch. A comparison of the distribution of potassium and exchangeable rubidium in the organs of the dog, using rubidium86. Circ. Res. 2:112–122, 1954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogston, A. G. and C. Phelps. The partition of solutes between buffer solutions and solutions containing hyaluronic acid. Biochem. J. 78:827–833, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pang, K. S., F. Barker III, A. J. Schwab, and C. A. Goresky. Demonstration of rapid entry and a cellular binding space for salicylamide in perfused rat liver: A multiple indicator dilution study. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. 270:285–295, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prothero, J. and A. C. Burton. The physics of flow in capillaries. I. The nature of the motion. Biophys. J. 1:565–579, 1961.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, C. P., C. A. Goresky, and G. G. Bach. The capillary and sarcolemmal barriers in the heart: an exploration of labeled water permeability. Circ. Res. 41:515–533, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tygstrup, N. and K. Winkler. Kinetics of galactose elimination. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 32:354–357, 1954.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tygstrup, N. and K. Winkler. Galactose blood clearance as a function of hepatic blood flow. Clin. Sci. 17:1–9, 1958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiederhelm, C. A. and L. L. Black. Osmotic interaction of plasma proteins with interstitial molecules. Am. J. Physiol. 231:638–641, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilbrandt, W. and T. Rosenberg. The concept of carrier transport and its corollaries in pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 13:109–184, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goresky, C.A., Bach, G.G., Schwab, A.J., Pang, K.S. (1998). Liver Cell Entry In Vivo and Enzymic Conversion. In: Bassingthwaighte, J.B., Linehan, J.H., Goresky, C.A. (eds) Whole Organ Approaches to Cellular Metabolism. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2184-5_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2184-5_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7449-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2184-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics