Abstract
Bohannon RW, Smith MB.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Naghdi S, Nakhostin Ansari N, Azarnia S, Kazemnejad A. Interrater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) for patients with wrist flexor muscle spasticity. Physiother Theory Pract. 2008;24(5):372–9.
Haas A, Bergström E, Jamous A, Bennie A. The inter rater reliability of the original and of the modified Ashworth scale for the assessment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1996;1:1–5. Nature Publishing Group.
Pandyan AD, Johnson GR, Price CI, Curless RH, Barnes MP, Rodgers H. A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth scales as measures of spasticity. Clin Rehabil. 1999;13(5):373–83.
Fosang AL, Galea MP, McCoy AT, Reddihough DS, Story I. Measures of muscle and joint performance in the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45(10):664–70.
Clopton N, Dutton J, Featherston T, Grigsby A, Mobley J, Melvin J. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the modified Ashworth scale in children with hypertonia. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2005;17(4):268–74.
Mutlu A, Livanelioglu A, Gunel M. Reliability of Ashworth and modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9(1):44.
Damiano DL, Quinlivan JM, Owen BF, Payne P, Nelson KC, Abel MF. What does the Ashworth scale really measure and are instrumented measures more valid and precise? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(2):112–8.
Lance JW. The control of muscle tone, reflexes, and movement Robert Wartenbeg Lecture. Neurology. 1980;30(12):1303–13.
Blackburn M, van Vliet P, Mockett SP. Reliability of measurements obtained with the modified Ashworth scale in the lower extremities of people with stroke. Phys Ther. 2002;82(1):25–34.
Sloan RL, Sinclair E, Thompson J, Taylor S, Pentland B. Inter-rater reliability of the modified Ashworth scale for spasticity in hemiplegic patients. Int J Rehabil Res. 1992;15(2):158–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Charalambous, C.P. (2014). Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity. In: Banaszkiewicz, P., Kader, D. (eds) Classic Papers in Orthopaedics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5451-8_105
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5451-8_105
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5450-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5451-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)