Abstract
In parts of New Zealand, the government is said to have saved millions of dollars by dosing sheep and cattle with zinc between January and April. In London, thanks to daily zinc supplements, an acrodermatitis enteropathica patient, who 30 years ago would not have been expected to live beyond infancy, recently gave birth to a healthy child (Brenton et al. 1981). In Switzerland, animals have survived normally lethal doses of radiation by previously being given zinc aspartate.
Die Gegenwart eines Zinksalzes verhindert die Farbenreaktion mit Eisen-chlorid, aber nicht mit Kupfer- oder Kobaltsalz
(Loven 1884)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abelidis, S, Moore JF, Chakravarty A (1987) Zinc release from irradiated yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. Int J Radiat Biol 52: 413–418
Addink NWH, Frank LJP (1959) Remarks apropos of analysis of trace elements in human tissues.Cancer NY 12: 544–551
Aitken RJ, Clarkson JS (1987) Cellular basis of defective sperm function and its association with the genesis of reactive oxygen species by human spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil 81: 459–469
Albert A (1973) Selective toxicity, 5th edn. Chapman and Hall, London
Andronikashvili EL, Mosulishvili LM, Belokobilski AI, Kharabadze NE, Tevzieva TK, Efremova EY (1974) Content of some trace elements in sarcoma M-1 DNA in dynamics of malignant growth. Cancer Res 34: 271–274
Ayala S, Brenner RR (1983) Essential fatty acid status in zinc deficiency. Effect on lipid and fatty acid composition, desaturation activity and structure of microsomal membranes of rat liver and testes. Acta Physiol Lat Am 33: 193–204
Bahnemann D, Basaga H, Dunlop JR, Searle AJF, Willson RL (1978) Metronidazole (Flagyl), misonidazole (Ro 07–0582), iron, zinc and sulphur compounds in cancer therapy. Br J Cancer [Suppl III] 37: 16–19
Baird MB, Birnbaum LS, Sfeir GT (1980) NADPH-driven peroxidation in rat liver nuclei and nuclear membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 200: 108–115
Bannister JV, Bannister WH, Rotillio G (1987) Aspects of the structure, function and applications of superoxide dismutase. (To be published )
Barr DH, Harris JW (1973) Growth of the P388 leukemia as an asciters tumor in zinc-deficient mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 144: 284–287
Barra D, Martini F, Bannister JV et al. (1980) The complete amino acid sequence of human Cu/ Zn superoxide dismutase. FEBS Lett 120: 53–56
Bartoli GM, Galeotti T (1979) Growth-related lipid peroxidation in tumour microsomal membranes and mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta 574: 537–541
Bartoli GM, Minotti G, Borrello S, Galeotti T (1983) A supposed role of superoxide dismutase in the control of tumor growth. In: Greenwald RA, Cohen G (eds) Oxy radicals and their scavenger systems, vol II. Elsevier Science Publications, New York, pp 179–184
Baudier J, Gerard P (1983) Ion binding to S100 proteins: structural changes induced by calcium and zinc on S100a and S100b proteins. Biochemistry 22: 3360–3369
Baumann E (1884) Zur Frage der Jodbestimmung im Harne. Z Physiol Chem 282–290
Beach RS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS (1981) Dietary zinc modulation of moloney sarcoma virus oncogenesis. Cancer Res 41: 552–559
Bettger WJ, Reeves PG, Moscatelli EO, Reynolds G, O’Dell B (1979) Interaction of zinc and essential fatty acids in the rat. J Nutr 109: 480–488
Bielski BHJ (1985) Fast kinetic studies of dioxygen-derived species and their metal complexes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 311: 473–482
Bize IB, Oberley LW, Morris HP (1980) Superoxide dismutase and superoxide radical in Morris hepatomas. Cancer Res 40: 3686–3693
Blake DR, Hall ND, Bacon PA, Dieppe PA, Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1981) The importance of iron in rheumatoid disease. Lancet II: 1142–1144
Borek C (1987) Radiation and chemically induced transformation: free radicals, antioxidants and cancer. Br J Cancer [Suppl VIII] 55: 74–86
Borovansky J, Riley PA (1983) The effect of divalent cations on Cloudman melanoma cells. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 19: 91–99
Borovansky J, Riley PA, Vrankova E, Necas E (1985) The effect of zinc on mouse melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasma 32: 401–406
Brenton DP, Jackson MJ, Young A (1981) Two pregnancies in a patient with acrodermatitis enteropathica treated with zinc sulphate. Lancet II: 500–502
Brewer GJ, Kruckeberg WC (1979) The anticalcium and erythrocyte membrane effects of zinc and their potential value in the treatment of sickle cell anaemia. In: Rosa J, Benzard Y, Hercules J (eds) INSERM Symposium No 9. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Holland, pp 195–204
Brewer GJ, Prasad AS, Oelshlegel FJ Jr, Schoomaker EB, Ortega J, Oberleas D (1976) Zinc and sickle-cell anaemia. In: Trace elements in human health and disease, vol 1. Academic Press, New York, pp 283–294
Bulkley GB (1987) Free radical-mediated reperfusion injury: a selective review. Br J Cancer [Suppl VIII] 55: 66–73
Burke JP, Fenton MR (1985) Effect of a zinc-deficient diet on lipid peroxidation in liver and tumor subcellular membranes (42083). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 179: 187–191
Carrico RJ, Deutsch HF (1970) The presence of zinc in human cytocuprein and some properties of the apoprotein. J Biol Chem 245: 723–727
Cash R, Berger CK (1969) Acrodermatitis enteropathica: defective metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. J Pediatr 74: 717–729
Cavdar AO, Babacan E, Arcasoy A, Erten J, Ertem U (1980) Zinc deficiency in Hodgkin’s disease. Eur J Cancer 16: 311–321
Cerutti PA (1985) Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science 227: 375–381
Charlton RW, Jacobs B, Seftel H, Bothwell TH (1964) Effect of alcohol on iron absorption. Br Med J 1427–1429
Cheeseman KH, Collins M, Proudfoot K et al. (1986) Studies on lipid peroxidation in normal and tumour tissue: the Novikoff rat liver tumour. Biochem J 235: 507–514
Chvapil M (1973) New aspects in the biological role of zinc: a stabilizer of macromolecules and biological membranes. Life Sci 13: 1041–1049
Chvapil M, Zukoski CF (1974) New concept on the mechanism(s) of the biological effect of zinc. In: Pories WJ, Strain WH (eds) Clinical approaches of zinc metabolism. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, pp 75–86
Chvapil M, Ryan JN, Brada Z (1972a) Effects of selected chelating agents and metals on the stability of liver lysosomes. Biochem Pharmacol 21: 1097–1105
Chvapil M, Ryan JN, Zukoski CF (1972b) The effect of zinc and other metals on the stability of lysosomes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 140: 642–646
Chvapil M, Ryan JN, Zukoski CF (1972c) Effect of zinc on lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes and mitochrondria. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 141: 150–153
Chvapil M, Ryan JN, Elias SL, Peng YM (1973) Protective effect of zinc on carbon-tetrachlorideinduced liver injury in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 19: 186–196
Chvapil M, Aronson AL, Peng YM (1974a) Relation between zinc and iron and peroxidation of lipids in liver homogenate in CaEDTA-treated rats. Exp Mol Pathol 20: 216–227
Chvapil M, Peng YM, Aronson AL, Zukoski C (1974b) Effect of zinc on lipid peroxidation and metal content in some tissues of rats. J Nutr 104: 434–443
Chvapil M, Sipes IG, Ludwig JC, Halladay SC (1975) Inhibition of NADPH oxidation and oxidative metabolism of drugs in liver microsomes by zinc. Biochem Pharmacol 24: 917–919
Chvapil M, Montgomery D, Ludwig JC, Zukoski CF (1979) Zinc in erythrocyte ghosts. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 162: 480–484
Ciapparelli L, Retief DH, Fatti LP (1972) The effect of zinc on 9,10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene ( DBMA) induced salivary gland tumours in the albino rat–a preliminary study. S Afr J Med Sci 37: 85–90
Clark IA, Cowden WB, Hunt NH, Maxwell LE, Mackie EJ (1984) Activity of divicine in Plasmodium vinckei-infected mice has implications for favism and epidemiology of G-6-P deficiency. Br J Haematol 57: 479–487
Clejan S, Maddaiah VT, Castro-Magana M, Collipp PJ (1981) Zinc deficiency-induced changes in the composition of microsomal membranes and in the enzymatic regulation of glycerolipid synthesis. Lipids 16: 454–460
Coppen DE, Cousins RJ, Richardson DE (1985) Effect of zinc on chemically-induced peroxidation in rat liver parenchymal cells in primary culture. Fed Proc (Abs) 44: 6404
Coppen DE, Richardson DE, Cousins RJ (1986) Suppression of lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocytes in primary culture by supplemental zinc. Fed Proc 45: 1083
Cousins RJ (1986) Towards a molecular understanding of zinc metabolism. Clin Physiol Biochem 4: 20–30
Coussens L, Parker PJ, Rhee L et al. (1986) Multiple distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase C suggest diversity in cellular signalling pathways. Science 233: 859–866
Cox DH, Harris DL (1960) Effect of excess dietary zinc on iron and copper in the rat. J Nutr 70: 514–520
Cox RP, Ruckenstein A (1971) Studies on the mechanism of hormonal stimulation of zinc uptake in human cell cultures: hormone-cell interactions and characteristics of zinc accumulation. J Cell Physiol 77: 71–82
Cristol P (1922) Zinc et cancer. Comp Rend Acad Sci 174: 887–889
Cunnane SC, Wahle KWJ (1981) Zinc deficiency increases the rate of desaturation of Δ6 linoleic acid in rat mammary tissue. Lipids 16: 771–774
Cunnane SC, Horrobin DF, Ruf KB, Sella G (1979) Prevention of dietary effects of zinc deficiency by administration of essential fatty acids. Proc Physiol Soc 296: 83P–84 P
Dagher RK, Ellis GD, Tanski DT et al. (1977) Prostate cancer: zinc levels in normal and metastasized cancerous lung tissue. IRCS Med Sci 5: 509–510
Davies IJT, Musa M, Dormandy TL (1968) Measurements of plasma zinc. J Clin Pathol 21: 359–365
Dhar NK, Goel TC, Dube PC, Chowdhury AR, Kar AB (1973) Distribution and concentration of zinc in the subcellular fractions of benign hyperplastic and malignant neoplastic human prostate. J Exp Mol Pathol 19: 139–142
Dreosti IE, Record IR (1978) Lysosomal stability, superoxide dismutase and zinc deficiency in regenerating rat liver. Br J Nutr 40: 133–137
Duncan JR, Dreosti IE (1975) Zinc intake, neoplastic DNA synthesis and chemical carcinogenesis in rats and mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 55: 195–196
Edwards MB (1976) Chemical carcinogenesis in cheek pouch of Syrian hamsters receiving supplementary zinc. Arch Oral Biol 21: 133–135
Ellis F (1950) Discussion on the chemical factors modifying radiotherapeutic response. Proc R Soc Med 43: 399–405
Emerit I, Keck M, Levy A, Feingold J, Michelson AM (1982) Activated oxygen species at the origin of chromosome breakage and sister-chromatid exchanges. Mutat Res 103: 165–172
Evans GW, Winter TW (1975) Zinc transport by transferrin in rat portal blood plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 66: 1218–1224
Falin LI (1940) Experimental teratoma in fowl. Am J Cancer 38: 199–211
Fleming CR, Smith LM, Hodges RE (1976) Essential fatty acid deficiency in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 29: 976–983
Floersheim GL (1985) Protection against acute ethanol toxicity in mice by zinc aspartate, glycols, levulos and pyritinol. Agents Actions 16: 580–584
Floersheim GL, Floersheim P (1986) Protection against ionising radiation and synergism with thiols by zinc aspartate. Br J Radiol 59: 597–602
Flohe L, Gunzler WA, Kim S-MA et al. (1984) The phylogenetic position of the Cu-Zn-SOD of P. leiognathi. In: Bors W, saron M, Tait D (eds) Oxygen radicals in chemistry and biology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 793–801
Flohe L, Beckmann R, Giertz H, Loschen (1985) Oxygen-centered free radicals as mediators of inflammation. In: Sies H (ed) Oxidative stress. Academic Press, London New York
Galeotti T, Borello S, Seccia A, Farallo E, Bartoli GM, Serri F (1980) Superoxide dismutasecontent in human epidermis and squamous cell epithelioma. Arch Dermatol Res 267: 83–86
Girotti AW, Thomas JP, Jordan JE (1985) Inhibitory effect of zinc(II) on free radical lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. J Free Rad Biol Med 1: 395–401
Girotti AW, Thomas JP, Jordan JE (1986) Xanthine oxidase-catalysed crosslinking of cell membrane proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 251: 639–653
Goldstein B, Witz G, Zimmerman J, Gee C (1983) Free radicals and reactive oxygen species in tumor promotion. In: Greenwald RA, Cohen G (eds) Oxy radicals and their scavenger systems. Elsevier Science 2: 321–325
Greenstock CL, Jinot CP, Whitehouse RP, Sargent MD (1987) DNA radiation damage and its modification by metallothionein. Free Rad Res Comms 2: 233–239
Guthrie J, Guthrie O (1974) Embryonal carcinomas in Syrian hamsters after intratesticular inoculation of zinc chloride during reasonal testicular growth. Cancer Res 34: 2612–2614
Gutteridge JMC (1979) Identification of malondialdehyde as the TBA-reactant formed by bleomycin-iron damage to DNA. FEBS Lett 105: 278–282
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1984) Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J 219: 1–14
Halsted JA, Hackley B, Rudzki Ç, Smith JC Jr (1968) Plasma zinc concentrations in liver diseases. Gastroenterology 54: 1098–1105
Hamilton RM, Gillespie CT, Cook HW (1981) Relationships between levels of essential fatty acids and zinc in plasma of cystic fibrosis patients. Lipids 16: 374–376
Hammermueller JD, Bray TM, Bettger WJ (1986) Effect of zinc deficiency on NADPH and cytochrome P-450 dependént active oxygen generation in rat lung and liver. Fed Proc 45: 1083 Hiryama T (1962) Quoted in S Afr Cancer Bull 6: 114
Ho S-Y, Catallanotto FA, Lisak RP, Dore-Duffy P (1986) Zinc in multiple sclerosis. II. Correlation with disease activity and elevated plasma membrane-bound zinc in erythrocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 20: 712–715
Jones R, Mann T (1976) Lipid peroxides in spermatozoa: formation, role of plasmologen and physiological significance. Proc R Soc Lond [Biot] 193: 317–333
Kensler TW, Taffe BG (1986) Free radicals in tumor promotion. Adv Free Rad Biol Med 2: 347–387
Kew MC, Mallet RC (1974) Hepatic zinc concentrations in primary cancer of the liver. Br J Cancer 29: 80–83
Klug A, Rhodes D (1987) “Zinc finger”: a novel protein motif for nucleic acid recognition. Trends Biochem Sci 464–469
Lamfrom H, Nielsen SO (1957) The iron catalysis of thioglycolate oxidation by oxygen. J Am Chem Soc 79: 1966–1970
Leith JT, Lewinsky BB, Schilling WA (1975) Modification of the response of mouse skin to X-irradiation by bleomycin treatment. Radiat Res 61: 100–109
Loven JM (1884) Ueber die Thiomilchsauren und die Thiodilactylsauren. J f prakt Chem 29: 366–378
Lown JN, Sim S (1977) The mechanism of the bleomycin-induced cleavage of DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 77: 1150–1157
Lunec J,Griffiths HR, Blake DR (1987) Oxygen radicals in inflammation. ISI Atlas of Science: Pharmacology 1: 45–48
McBrien DCH, Slater TF (eds) (1982) Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and cancer. Academic Press, London New York
McCord JM (1974) Free radicals and inflammation. Protection of synovial fluid by superoxide dismutase. Science 185: 529–531
McCord JM (1985) Oxygen derived free radicals in post ischemic injury. N Engl J Med 312: 159–163
McCord JM, Fridovich I (1969) Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem 244: 6049–6055
McGlashan ND (1967) Zinc and oesophageal cancer. Lancet I: 578
McQuitty JT, Dewys WD, Monaco L et al. (1970) Inhibition of tumor growth by dietary zinc deficiency. Cancer Res 30: 1387–1390
Manku MS, Horrobin DF, Karmazyn M, Cunnane SC (1979) Prolactin and zinc effects on rat vascular reactivity: possible relationship to dihomo-y-linoleic acid and to prostaglandin synthesis. Endocrinology 104: 774–779
Mann T, Keilin D (1939) Haemocuprein and hepatocuprein, copper-protein compounds of blood and liver in mammals. Proc R Soc Biol 128: 303
Mathews AP, Walker S (1909) The action of metals and strong salt solutions on the spontaneous oxidation of cystein. J Biol Chem 6: 299–312
Mathur A (1978) The role of zinc in experimental and human oral cancer. Dissertation, University of Lund, Sweden
Mawson CA, Fischer MI (1953) Zinc and carbonic anhydrase in human semen. Biochem J 55: 696–700
Mennella MRF, Jones R (1980) Properties of spermatozoal superoxide dismutase and lack of involvement of superoxides in metal-ion-catalysed lipid-peroxidation reactions in semen. Biochem J 191: 289–297
Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A (1985) Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4: 1609–1614
Misra HP (1974) Generation of superoxide free radical during the autoxidation of thiols. J Biol Chem 249: 2151–2155
Moynahan EJ, Barnes PM (1973) Zinc deficiency and a synthetic diet for lactose intolerance. Lancet I: 676–677
Munday R (1982) Studies on the mechanism of toxicity of the mycotoxin sporidesmin: 1. Chem Biol Interact 41: 361–374
Munday R (1984a) Studies on the mechanism of toxicity of the mycotoxin sporidesmin: 2. J Appl Toxicol 4: 176–181
Munday R (1984b) Studies on the mechanism of toxicity of the mycotoxin sporidesmin: 3. J Appl Toxicol 4: 182–186
Murakami K, Whitely MK, Routtenberg A (1987) Regulation of protein kinase C activity by cooperative interaction of Zn2+ and Ca2+ . J Biol Chem 262: 13902–13906
Murthy ASK, Vawte GF, Kopito L, Rossen E (1973) Biochemical studies on liver tumors of children. Arch Pathol 96: 48–52
Nayini NR, White BC, Aust SD et al. (1985) Post resuscitation iron delocalization and malondialdehyde production in the brain following prolonged cardiac arrest. J Free Rad Biol Med 1: 111–116
Neidermeir W, Griggs JH (1971) Trace metal composition of synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Chronic Dis 23: 527–536
Neldner KH, Hagler L, Wise WR, Stifel FB, Lufkin EG, Herman RH (1974) Acrodermatitis enteropathica: comparison of an infant with her family. J Pediatr 83: 999–1006
Nickolson VJ, Veldstra H (1972) The influence of various cations on the binding of colchicine by rat brain homogenates. Stabilization of intact neurotubules by zinc and cadmium ions. FEBS Lett 23: 309–313
Nishizuka Y (1984) Studies and perspective of protein kinase C. Science 233: 305–312
Nishizuka Y (1986) The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumour promotion. Nature 308: 693–698
Nugteren DH, Beerthuis RK, Van Dorp DA (1966) The enzymic conversion of all-cis 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid into prostaglandin E1,. Red Tray Chim Pays-Bas Belg 85: 405–419
Oberley LW, Buettner GR (1979) Role of superoxide dismutase in cancer: a review. Cancer Res 39: 1141–1149
O’Dell BL, Reynolds G, Reeves PG (1977) Analogous effects of zinc deficiency and aspirin toxicity in the pregnant rat. J. Nutr 107: 1222–1228
Olson KB, Heggen GE, Edwards CF (1958) Analysis of 5 trace elements in the liver of patients dying of cancer and non-cancerous disease. Cancer 11: 554–561
Ono Y, Kikkawa U (1987) Do multiple species of protein kinase C transduce different signals? Trends Biochem Sci 421–423
Panganamala RV, Sharma HM, Sprecher JC, Cornwell DG (1974) Evaluation of superoxide anion and singlet oxygen in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from eicosa-8,11,14-trenoic acid. Prostaglandins 7: 21–28
Parge HE, Getzoff ED, Scandella CS, Hallewell RA, Tainer JA (1986) Crystallographic characterization of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 261: 16215–16218
Parker PJ, Coussens L, Totty N et al. (1986) The complete primary structure of protein kinase C — the major phorbol ester receptor. Science 233: 853–859
Petrone WF, English DK, Wong K, McCord JM (1980) Free radicals and inflammation: superoxide-dependent activation of a neutrophil chemotactic factor in plasma. Proc Natl Acad Soc 77: 1159–1163
Poswillo DE, Cohen B (1971) Inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary zinc. Nature 231: 447–448
Prasad AS, Oberleas D, Halsted JA (1965) Determination of zinc in biological fluids by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in normal and cirrhotic subjects. J. Lab Clin Med 66: 508–516
Rice-Evans CA, Dunn MJ (1982) Erythrocyte deformability and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 7: 282–286
Richardson JS, Thomas KA, Rubin BH, Richardson DC (1975) Crystal structure of bovine Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase at 3 A resolution: chain tracing and metal ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 72: 1349–1353
Samuni A, Bump EA, Mitchell JB, Brown JM (1986) Enhancement of misonidazole cytotoxicity by iron. Int J Radiat Biol 49: 77–83
Sas B, Pethes G (1981) Influence of zinc deficiency on the stability of subcellular membranes and on the Zn incorporation into metallothionein. Acta Vet Acad Sci Hung 29: 441–450
Searle AJF, Tomasi A (1982) Hydroxyl free radical production in iron-cysteine solutions and protection by zinc. J Inorg Biochem 17: 161–166
Searle AJF, Willson RL (1976) Metronidazole ( Flagyl); degradation by the intestinal flora. Xenobiotica 6: 457–464
Seelig MS (1973) Proposed role of copper—molybdenum interaction in iron-deficiency and iron-storage diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 26: 657–672
Settlemire CT, Matrone G (1967a) In vivo interference of zinc with ferritin iron in the rat. J Nutr 92: 153–158
Settlemire CT, Matrone G (1967) In vivo effect of zinc on iron turnover in rats and lifespan of the erythrocyte. J Nutr 92: 159–164
Simkin PA (1976) Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet I: 539–542
Slater TF (ed) (1978) Biochemical mechanisms of liver injury. Academic Press London New York
Slater TF (1984) Free radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochem J 222: 1–15
Slater TF (1987) Free radicals and tissue injury: fact and fiction. Br J Cancer [Suppl VIII] 55: 5–10
Solomons NW, Jacob RA (1981) Studies on the availability of zinc in humans: effects of heure and nonheme iron on the absorption of zinc. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 475–482
Steffens GJ, Michelson AM, Otting F, Puget K, Strassburger W, Flohe L (1986) Primary structure of Cu—Zn superoxide dismutase of brassica oleracea proves homology with corresponding enzymes of animals, fungi and prokaryotes. J Biol Chem 367: 1007–1016
Steinman HM (1980) The amino acid sequence of copper—zinc superoxide dismutase from bakers yeast. J Biol Chem 255: 6758–6765
Stocks P, Davies RI (1964) Zinc and copper content of soils associated with incidence of cancer of the stomach and other organs. Br J Cancer 18: 14–24
Suematsu T, Kamada T, Abe H, Kinkuchi S, Yogi K (1977) Serum lipoperoxide level in patients suffering from liver diseases. Clin Chem Acta 79: 267
Sullivan JF, Heaney RP (1970) Zinc metabolism in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr 23: 170–177
Sullivan JF, Lankford HG (1965) Zinc metabolism and chronic alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr 17: 57–63
Sullivan JF, Jetton MM, Hahn HKJ, Burch RE (1980) Enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes of zinc-deficient rats. Am J Clin Nutr 33 51–56
Sykes JA, McCormak FX, O’Brien TJ (1978) A preliminary study of the superoxide dismutase content of some human tumors. Cancer Res 38: 2759–2762
Tainer JA, Getzoff ED, Beem KM, Richardson JS, Richardson DC (1982) Determination and analysis of the 2 A structure of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase. J Mol Biol 160: 181–217
Tainer JA, Getzoff ED, Richardson JS, Richardson DC (1983) Structure and mechanism of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase. Nature 306: 284–290
Takai Y, Kishimot A, Inoue M, Nishizuka Y (1977) Studies on a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase and its proenzyme in mammalian tissues. 1. Purification and characterization of an active enzyme from bovine cerebellum. J Biol Chem 252: 7603–7609
Taylor L, Menconi MJ, Polgar P (1983) The participation of hydroperoxides and oxygen radicals in the control of prostaglandin synthesis. J Biol Chem 258: 6855–6857
Thomas KA, Rubin BH, Bier CJ, Richardson JS, Richardson DC (1974) The crystal structure of bovine Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase at 5.5-A resolution. J Biol Chem 249: 5677–5683
Thornalley PJ, Vasak M (1985) Possible role for metallothionein in protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Kinetics and mechanism of its reaction with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Biochim Biophys Acta 827: 36–44
Vallee BL, Wacker WEC, Bartholomay AF, Robin ED (1956) Zinc metabolism in hepatic dysfunction 1. Serum zinc concentration in Laennecs cirrhosis and their validation by sequential analysis. N Engl J Med 255: 403–408
Vikbladh I (1951) Studies on zinc in blood: II. Scand J Clin Lab Invest [Suppl 2] 3: 5–73
Warren L, Glick MC, Nass MK (1966) Membranes of animal cells. I. Methods of isolation of the surface membrane. J Cell Physiol 68: 269–287
Weser U, Barth G, Djerassi C et al. (1972) A study on purified apo-erythrocuprein. Biochim Biophys Acta 278: 28–44
White HB Jr, Montalvo JM (1973) Serum fatty acids before and after recovery from acrodermatitis enteropathica: comparison of an infant with her family. J Pediatr 83: 999–1006
Williams RJP (1984) Zinc: what is its role in biology? Endeavour New Series 8: 65–70
Wills ED, Wilkinson AE (1967) The effect of irradiation on subcellular particles. Destruction of sulphydryl groups. Int J Radiat Biol 13: 45–55
Willson RL (1976a) Metronidazole and iron in cancer therapy. Lancet I: 304–305
Willson RL (1976b) Metronidazole and tissue zinc/iron ratio in cancer therapy. Lancet I: 1407 Willson RL (1977a) Iron, zinc, free radicals and oxygen in tissue disorders and cancer control in iron metabolism. In: Porter R (ed) Ciba Foundation Symposium, 51, Elsevier Excerpta Medica, pp 333–354
Willson RL (1977b) Zinc: a radical approach to disease. New Scientist 558–560
Willson RL (1985) Organic peroxy free radicals as ultimate agents in oxygen toxicity. In: Sies H (ed) Oxidative stress. Academic Press, London, pp 41–72
Willson RL (1987) Vitamin, selenium, zinc and copper interactions in free radical protection against ill-placed iron. Proc Nutr Soc 46: 27–34
Willson RL, Searle AFJ (1975) Metronidazole (Flagyl): iron catalysed reaction with sulphydryl groups and tumour radiosensitisation. Nature (Lond) 255: 498–500
Witz G, Goldstein BD, Amoruso M, Stone DS, Troll W (1980) Retinoid inhibition of superoxide anion radical production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with tumor promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 97: 883–888
Wright EB, Dormandy TL (1972) Liver zinc in carcinoma. Nature 237: 166
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Willson, R.L. (1989). Zinc and Iron in Free Radical Pathology and Cellular Control. In: Mills, C.F. (eds) Zinc in Human Biology. ILSI Human Nutrition Reviews. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3879-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3879-2_10
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3881-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3879-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive