Abstract
This final chapter wants to accomplish three objectives. First, we provide an overview of the main findings of the study. Then, in order to place our findings in a wider theoretical context, we report on the results of a multilevel analysis of the data. The central question in the multilevel analysis is to determine if there are similarities or differences between the ISRD countries in terms of the influence of the variables associated with the four main theoretical perspectives utilized in this study. The third part of the chapter speculates about the implications of our study, both theoretically as well as from the perspective of policy.
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Notes
- 1.
Versatility is the sum of prevalences of 12 offenses (see Chapter 2, Sect. 2.6.1.1).
- 2.
Because macro level indicators were not available for Aruba, Cyprus, the Netherlands Antilles, and Suriname, these countries will be dropped from the following analyses. One should note that 26 countries is a relatively small number of higher level units in a multilevel analysis.
- 3.
Likewise, the effect of grade does not differ between countries (random effects not shown).
- 4.
The increase is a methodological artifact specific to multilevel logistic regression, see Hox (2010, pp. 133–139).
- 5.
Strictly speaking, the size of odds ratios of dichotomous predictors and z-score transformed continuous predictors cannot be compared; however, the sequence also corresponds to the z-values and the outcomes of likelihood ratio tests of the Models 2–8.
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Junger-Tas, J., Enzmann, D., Steketee, M., Marshall, I.H. (2012). Concluding Observations: The Big Picture. In: The Many Faces of Youth Crime. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9455-4_12
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