Abstract
A preventive intervention research cycle is often necessary when attempt-ing to moderate a complex problem such as aggression (Heller, 1996; Poulin, Dishion, & Burraston, 2001). The first step in this cycle includes defining the problem, developing measures for accurate assessment, and documenting prevalence. Ideally, these studies are at first moderate in size, but later include epidemiological studies with large, population-based samples. This step also examines subpopulations to identify those with the highest rates of the behavior. The second step should include attempt-ing research to determine who is most likely to engage in high levels of the behavior during which period(s) of life, who is at risk of attempt-ing or escalating the behavior, and how detrimental effects of the problem behavior vary by age.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author.
Bjorkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). The development of direct and indirect aggressive strategies in males and females. In K. Bjorkqvist & P. Niemela(Eds. ), Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Caron, C., & Rutter, M. (1991). Comorbidity in child psychopathology: Concepts, issues and research strategies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 1063–1080.
Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Berglund, L., Pollard, J. A., & Arthur, M. W. (2002). Preven-tion science and positive youth development: Competitive or cooperative frameworks. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 230–239.
Cicchetti, D., & Cohen, D. J. (1995). Perspectives on developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds. ), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and methods (vol. 1, pp. 3–20). New York: Wiley.
Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1998). Aggression and antisocial behavior. In W. Damon (Series Ed. ) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed. ), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 779–862). New York: Wiley.
Craig, W. M. (1998). The relationship among bullying, victimization, depression, anxiety, and aggression in elementary school children. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 123–130.
Crick, N. R. (1996). The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children’s future social adjustment. Child Development, 67, 2317–2327.
Crick, N. R. (1997). Engagement in gender normative versus gender nonnormative forms of aggression: Links to social-psychological adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 33, 610–617.
Crick, N. R., & Bigbee, M. A. (1998). Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multi-informant approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 337–347.
Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33, 589–600.
Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Nelson, D. A. (2002). Toward a more comprehensive understanding of peer maltreatment: Studies of relational victimization. Current Directions in Psycholog-ical Science, 11, 98–101.
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710–722.
Crick, N. R., Grotpeter, J. K., & Bigbee, M. A. (2002). Relationally and physically aggressive children’s intent attributions and feelings of distress for relational and instrumental peer provocations. Child Development, 73, 1134–1142.
Crick, N. R., Werner, N. E., Casas, J. F., O’Brein, K. M., Nelson, D. A., Grotpeter, J., & Markon, K. (1999). Childhood aggression and gender: A new look at an old problem. In D. Bernstein (Ed. ), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 75–141). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
David, C. F., & Kistner, J. A. (2000). Do positive self-perceptions have a “dark side”? Ex-amination of the link between perceptual bias and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 327–337.
Dodge, K. A. (1993). The future of research on the treatment of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 311–319.
Downey, G., Bonica, C, & Rincon, C. (1999). Rejection sensitivity and adolescent romantic relationships. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds. ), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 148–174). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Galen, B. R., & Underwood, Ì. Ê. (1997). A developmental investigation of social aggression in children. Developmental Psychology, 33, 589–600.
Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. (1968). Delinquents and non-delinquents in perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Grotpeter, J. K., & Crick, N. R. (1996). Relational aggression, overt aggression, and friendship. Child Development, 67, 2328–2338.
Heller, K. (1996). Coming of age of prevention science: Comments on the 1994 National Institute of Mental Health-Institute of Medicine prevention reports. American Psychologist, 51, 1123–1127.
Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (Eds. ). (2001). Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized. New York: Guilford Press.
Lagerspetz, K. M. J., Bjorkqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect aggression typical of females? Gender differences in aggressiveness in 11- to 12-year-old children. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 403–414.
Lease, A. M., Kennedy, C A., & Axelrod, J. L. (2002). Children’s social constructions of pop-ularity. Social Development, 11, 87–109.
Leff, S. S., Power, T. J., Manz, P. H., Costigan, T. E., & Nabors, L. A. (2001). School-based aggression prevention programs for young children: Current status and implications for violence prevention. School Psychology Review, 30, 344–362.
Malcarne, V. L., & Hansdottir, I. (2001). Vulnerability to anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence. In J. Price & R. Ingram (Eds. ), Vulnerability to psychopathology: Risk across the lifespan. (pp. 271–303). New York: Guilford Press.
Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school. Cambridge, UK: Longman.
Ostrov, J. M., & Keating, C. F. (in press). Gender differences in preschool aggression during free play and structured interactions: An observational study. Social Development.
Owens, L., Shute, R., & Slee, P. (2000a). ’Guess what I just heard!’: Indirect aggression among teenage girls in Australia. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 67–83.
Owens, L., Slee, P., & Shute, R. (2000b). ’It hurts a hell of a lot…’: The effects of indirect aggression on teenage girls. School Psychology International, 21, 359–376.
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1982). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Poulin, F., Dishion, T. D., & Barraston, B. (2001). 3-Year iatrogenic effects associated with ag-gregating high-risk adolescents in cognitive-behavioral preventive interventions. Applied Developmental Science, 5, 214–224.
Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 479–491.
Robins, L. N. (1978). Study childhood predictors of adult antisocial behavior: Replications from longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 8, 611–622.
Rys, G. S., & Bear, G. G. (1997). Relational aggression and peer relations: Gender and devel-opmental issues. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 87–106.
Salmivalli, C, Kaukiainen, A., & Lagerspetz, K. (2000). Aggression and sociometric status among peers: Do gender and type of aggression matter? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 17–24.
Simmons, R. (2002). Odd girl out: The hidden culture of aggression in girls. New York: Harcourt.
Talbot, M. (2002, February 24). Girls just want to be mean. New York Times Magazine, 24–65.
Underwood, M. K., Galen, B. R., & Paquette, J. A. (2001). Top ten challenges for understanding gender and aggression in children: Why can’t we all just get along? Social Development, 10, 248–266.
Werner, N. E., & Crick, N. R. (1999). Relational aggression and social-psychological adjustment in a college sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 615–623.
Xie, H., Swift, D. J., Cairns, B. D., & Cairns, R. B. (2002). Aggressive behavior in social in-teraction and developmental adaptation: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts during early adolescence. Social Development, 11, 205–224.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Geiger, T.C., Zimmer-Gembeck, M.J., Crick, N.R. (2004). The Science of Relational Aggression. In: Moretti, M.M., Odgers, C.L., Jackson, M.A. (eds) Girls and Aggression. Perspectives in Law & Psychology, vol 19. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8985-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8985-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4748-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8985-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive