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Glutamate Uptake and Transporters

  • Chapter
Excitotoxicity in Neurological Diseases

Abstract

Glutamate uptake is mediated by a family of glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of glial cells and neurons. These proteins enable the nervous system to maintain low extracellular concentrations of glutamate. This is important to avoid harmful overactivation of glutamate receptors and to secure a high signal to noise ratio in synaptic transmission. In addition to this simple, but essential glutamate removal role, the glutamate transporters also appear to have more sophisticated functions in the modulation of neurotransmission. They are present at very high densities and may modify the time course of synaptic events, the extent and pattern of activation and desensitization of receptors outside the synaptic cleft and at neighboring synapses (intersynaptic crosstalk). Disturbed control of glutamate transporters appears to playa role in the pathogenesis of most neurological diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1105, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway

    N C Danbolt, S Holmseth, A Skår & K P Lehre

  2. MacKay Institute of Communication and Neuroscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffs, ST5 5BG, England

    D N Furness

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  1. N C Danbolt
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  2. S Holmseth
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  3. A Skår
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  4. K P Lehre
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  5. D N Furness
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza (Milano), Italy

    Carlo Ferrarese

  2. Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA

    M. Flint Beal

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Danbolt, N.C., Holmseth, S., Skår, A., Lehre, K.P., Furness, D.N. (2004). Glutamate Uptake and Transporters. In: Ferrarese, C., Beal, M.F. (eds) Excitotoxicity in Neurological Diseases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8959-8_3

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