Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Polyphenols against Brain Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disorders

  • Chapter
Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 698))

Abstract

In recent years there has been a growing interest, supported by a large number of experimental and epidemiological studies, in the beneficial effects of some commonly used food-derived products in preventing various age-related pathologic conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. Spices and herbs often contain active phenolic substances endowed with potent antioxidative and chemopreventive properties. Curcumin is a phytochemical compound extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma Longa. It is the pigment responsible for the characteristic yellow color of Indian curry. Data from our and other laboratories demonstrated that curcumin, as well as some other polyphenols, strongly induce heme oxygenase 1 and Phase II detoxification enzymes in neurons and, by this activation, protect neurons against different modes of oxidative challenge. The potential role of curcumin as a preventive agent against brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders has been recently reinforced by epidemiological studies showing that in India, where this spice is widely used in the daily diet, there is a lower incidence of Alzheimer’s disease than in the USA. These studies identify a novel class of compounds that could be used for therapeutic purposes as preventive agents against the acute neurodegenerative conditions that affect many in the world’s increasingly ageing population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alzheimer’s Association. 2009 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2009; 5:234–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Katzman M. The aging brain. Limitations in our knowledge and future approaches. Arch Neurol 1997; 54:1201–1205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Butterfield DA, Drake J, Pocernich C et al. Evidence of oxidative damage in Alzheimer’s disease brain: central role for amyloid beta-peptide. Trends Mol Med 2001; 7:548–554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Butterfield DA, Stadtman ER. Protein oxidation processes in aging brain. Adv Cell Aging Gerontol 1997; 2:161–191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Calabrese V, Boyd-Kimball D, Scapagnini G et al. Nitric oxide and cellular stress response in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders: the role of vitagenes. In Vivo 2004; 18:245–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Halliwell B. Biochemistry of oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:1147–1150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Finkel T, Holbrook NJ. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of aging. Nature 2000; 408:239–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Katzman R, Saitoh T. Advances in Alzheimer’s disease. FASEB J 1991; 5:278–286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Butterfield DA, Howard BJ, Yatin S et al. Free radical oxidation of brain proteins in accelerated senescence and its modulation by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:674–678.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Skovronsky DM, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ. Neurodegenerative diseases: new concepts of pathogenesis and their therapeutic implications. Annu Rev Pathol 2006; 1:151–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Racchi M, Uberti D, Govoni S et al. Alzheimer’s disease; new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Immun Ageing 2008; 5:7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vatassery GT, Fahn S, Kuskowski MA. The Parkinson Study Group. Alpha tocopherol in CSF of subjects taking high-dose vitamin E in the DATATOP study. Neurology 1998; 50:1900–1902.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gómez-Pinilla F. Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008; 9:568–578.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nakatani N. Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices. Biofactors 2000; 13:141–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Butterfield D, Castegna A, Pocernich C et al. Nutritional approaches to combat oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:444–461.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sun AY, Wang Q, Simonyi A et al. Botanical phenolics and brain health. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:259–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ammon HPT, Wahl MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma Longa. Planta Med 1991; 57:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Priyadarsini KI, Guha SN, Rao MN. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of methoxy phenols. Free Radic Biol Med 1998; 24:933–941.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Martin-Aragon S, Benedi JM, Villar AM. Modifications on antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in mice under fraxetin treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:49–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sreejayan A, Rao MN. Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:105–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao BL, Li XJ, He RG et al. Scavenging effect of extracts of green tea and natural antioxidants on active oxygen radicals. Cell Biophys 1989; 14:175–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Masuda T, Hidaka K, Shinohara A et al. Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanism of curcuminoid: analysis of radical reaction products from curcumin. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:71–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jovanovic SV, Boone CW, Steenken S et al. How curcumin works preferentially with soluble antioxidants. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3064–3068.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ramos-Gomez M, Kwak MK, Dolan PM et al. Sensitivity to carcinogenesis is increased and chemoprotective efficacy of enzyme inducers is lost in nrf2 transcription factor-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:3410–3415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Singh S, Aggarwal BB. Activation of transcription factor NF-KB is suppressed by curcumin (diferuloylmethane). J Biol Chem 1995; 270:24995–25000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Huang MT, Newmark HL, Frenkel K. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1997; 27:26–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Abe Y, Hashimoto S, Horie T. Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Pharmacol Res 1999; 39:41–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Awasthi S, Pandya U, Singhal SS et al. Curcumin-glutathione interactions and the role of human glutathione S-transferase Pl-1. Chem Biol Interact 2000; 128:19–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dinkova-Kostova AT, Talalay P. Relation of structure of curcumin analogs to their potencies as inducers of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:911–914.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dinkova-Kostova AT, Massiah MA, Bozak RE et al. Potency of Michael reaction acceptors as inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogenesis depends on their reactivity with sulfhydryl groups. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:3404–3409.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Singhal SS, Awasthi S, Pandya U et al. The effect of curcumin on glutathione-linked enzymes in K562 human leukemia cells. Toxicol Lett 1999; 109:87–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Motterlini R, Foresti R, Bassi R et al. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:1303–1312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Scapagnini G, Foresti R, Calabrese V et al. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester and curcumin: a novel class of heme oxygenase-1 inducers. Mol Pharmacol 2002; 61:554–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Scapagnini G, Colombrita C, Amadio M et al. Curcumin activates defensive genes and protects neurons against oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006; 8:395–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Scapagnini G, Calabrese V, Motterlini R et al. Use of curcumin derivatives or CAPE in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of neuroprotective disorders. World Patent Number: WO 2004/075883 A1, Publication date: 2004-09-10.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as “Curecumin”: from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:787–809.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Calabrese V, Signorile A, Cornelius C et al. Practical approaches to investigate redox regulation of heat shock protein expression and intracellular glutathione redox state. Methods Enzymol 2008; 441:83–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Takahashi M, Dore S, Ferris CD et al. Amyloid precursor proteins inhibit heme oxygenase activity and augment neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 2002; 28:461–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Schipper HM. Heme oxygenase-1: role in brain aging and neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol 2000; 35:821–830.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Colombrita C, Calabrese V, Stella AM et al. Regional rat brain distribution of heme oxygenase-1 and manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA: relevance of redox homeostasis in the aging processes. Exp Biol Med 2003; 228:517–524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Chen K, Gunter K, Maines MD. Neurons overexpressing heme oxygenase-1 resist oxidative stress-mediated cell death. J Neurochem 2000; 75:304–312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Le WD, Xie WJ, Appel SH. Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury. J Neurosci Res 1999; 56:652–658.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Balogun E, Hoque M, Gong P et al. Curcumin activates the haem oxygenase-1 gene via regulation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant-responsive element. Biochem J 2003; 371:887–895

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Rajakrishnan V, Viswanathan P, Rajasekharan KN et al. Neuroprotective role of curcumin from curcuma longa on ethanol induced brain damage. Phytother Res 1999; 13:571–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Chandra V, Pandav R, Dodge HH et al. Incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in a rural community in India: the Indo-US study. Neurology 2001; 57:985–989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ng TP, Chiam PC, Lee T et al. Curry consumption and cognitive function in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164:898–906.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lim GP, Chu T, Yang F et al. The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci 2001; 21:8370–8377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Frautschy SA, Hu W, Miller SA et al. Phenolic anti-inflammatory antioxidant reversal of Aβ-induced cognitive deficits and neuropathology. Neurobiol Aging 2001; 22:993–1005.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN et al. Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques and reduces amyloid in vivo. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:5892–5901.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Cole GM, Teter B, Frautschy SA. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol 2007; 595:197–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Baum L, Lam CW, Cheung SK et al. Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008; 28:110–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Begum AN, Jones MR, Lim GP et al. Curcumin structure-function, bioavailability and efficacy in models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:196–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Martin D, Rojo AI, Salinas M et al. Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression through the phosphati-dylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and the Nrf2 transcription factor in response to the antioxidant phytochemical carnosol. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 8919–8929.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Surh YJ, Kundu JK, Na HK. Nrf2 as a master redox switch in turning on the cellular signaling involved in the induction of cytoprotective genes by some chemopreventive phytochemicals. Planta Med 2008; 74(13):1526–1539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Zhuang H, Kim YS, Koehler RC et al. Potential mechanism by which resveratrol, a red wine constituent, protects neurons. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 993:276–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Foresti R, Hoque M, Monti D et al. Differential activation of heme oxygenase-1 by chalcones and rosolic acid in endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 312:686–693.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Talalay P, Fahey JW, Healy ZR et al. Sulforaphane mobilizes cellular defenses that protect skin against damage by UV radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:17500–17505.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Michaluart P, Masferrer JL, Carothers AM et al. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells and in a rat model of inflammation. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2347–2352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Natarajan K, Singh S, Burke TR Jr et al. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:9090–9095.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Chen YJ, Shiao MS, Wang SY. The antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester induces apoptosis associated with selective scavenging of hydrogen peroxide in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Anticancer Drugs 2001; 12:143–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Huang MT, Ma W, Yen P et al. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion in mouse skin and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in HeLa cells. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17:761–765.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Frenkel K, Wei H, Bhimani R et al. Inhibition of tumor promoter-mediated processes in mouse skin and bovine lens by caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Cancer Res 1993; 53:1255–1261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Graf E. Antioxidant potential of ferulic acid. Free Rad Biol Med 1992; 13:435–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Qureshi MJ, Blain JA. Antioxidant activity in tomato extracts. Nucleus (Karachi) 1976; 13:29–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bourne LC, Rice-Evans C. Biovailability of ferulic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1998; 253:222–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Pannala R, Razaq B, Halliwell S et al. Inhibition of peroxynitrite dependent tyrosine nitration by hydroxycinnamates: nitration or electron donation. Free Rad Biol Med 1998; 24:594–606.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Castelluccio C, Paganga G, Melikian N et al. Antioxidant potential of intermediates in phenylpropanoid metabolism in higher plants. FEBS Lett 1995; 368:188–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Bourne L, Rice-Evans C. The effect of the phenolic antioxidant ferulic acid on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein depends on the pro-oxidant used. Free Rad Res 1997; 27:337–344.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Kanski J, Aksenova M, Stoyanova A et al. Ferulic acid antioxidant protection against hydroxyl and peroxyl radical oxidation in synaptosomal and neuronal cell culture systems in vitro: structure—activity studies. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:273–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Clifford MN. Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates—nature, occurrence and dietary burden. J Sci Food Agric 1999; 79:362–372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kroon PA, Williamson G. Hydroxycinnamates in plants and food: current and future perspectives. J Sci Food Agric 1999; 79:355–361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kikuzaki H, Hisamoto M, Hirose K et al. Antioxidant properties of ferulic acid and its related compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:2161–2168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Scapagnini G, Butterfield DA, Colombrita C et al. Ethyl ferulate, a lipophilic polyphenol, induces HO-1 and protects rat neurons against oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 6:811–818.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Perluigi M, Joshi G, Sultana R et al. In vivo protective effects of ferulic acid ethyl ester against amyloid-beta peptide 1–42-induced oxidative stress. J Neurosci Res 2009; 84:418–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Sano J, Inami S, Seimiya K et al. Effects of green tea intake on the development of coronary artery disease. Circ J 2004; 68:665–670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Wolfram S. Effects of green tea and EGCG on cardiovascular and metabolic health. J Am Coll Nutr 2007; 26:373–388.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Moyers SB, Kumar NB. Green tea polyphenols and cancer chemoprevention: multiple mechanisms and endpoints for phase II trials. Nutr Rev 2004; 62:204–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Boschmann M, Thielecke F. The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and fat oxidation in obese men: a pilot study. J Am Coll Nutr 2007; 26:389–395.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Potenza MA, Marasciulo FL, Tarquinio M et al. Epigallocatechin gallate, a green tea polyphenol, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, reduces bood pressure and protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:1378–1387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Mandel S, Weinreb O, Amit T et al. Cell signaling pathways in the neuroprotective actions of the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2004; 88:1555–1569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Khan N, Mukhtar H. Tea polyphenols for health promotion. Life Sci 2007; 81:519–533.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Yang CS, Landau JM. Effects of tea consumption on nutrition and health. J Nutr 2000; 130:2409–2412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hussain T, Gupta S, Adhami VM et al. Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate selectively inhibits COX-2 without affecting COX-1 expression in human prostate carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2005; 113:660–669.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ahmed S, Rahman A, Hasnain A et al. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the IL-1 beta-induced activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-2 in human chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:1097–1105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Lee KM et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses NF-kappaB activation and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK in human astrocytoma U373MG cells. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:587–596.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Dong Z, Ma W, Huang C et al. Inhibition of tumor promoter-induced activator protein 1 activation and cell transformation by tea polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavins. Cancer Res 1997; 57:4414–4419.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Townsend PA, Scarabelli TM, Pasini E et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits STAT-1 activation and protects cardiac myocytes from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. FASEB J 2004; 18:1621–1623.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Khan N, Mukhtar H. Multitargeted therapy of cancer by green tea polyphenols. Cancer Lett 2008; 269:269–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Sartippour MR, Shao ZM, Heber D et al. Green tea inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction in human breast cancer cells. J Nutr 2002; 132:2307–2311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Ahmed S, Wang N, Lalonde M et al. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) differentially inhibits interleukin-1 beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and-13 in human chondrocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 308:767–773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Srividhya R, Jyothilakshmi V, Arulmathi K et al. Attenuation of senescence-induced oxidative exacerbations in aged rat brain by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 26:217–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Lee SJ, Lee KW. Protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate against advanced glycation endproducts-induced injury in neuronal cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1369–1373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kweon MH, Adhami VM, Lee JS et al. Constitutive overexpression of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 in A549 cells contributes to resistance to apoptosis induced by epigallocatechin 3-gallate. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:33761–33772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

    Giovanni Scapagnini

Authors
  1. Giovanni Scapagnini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Calogero Caruso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vittorio Calabrese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crystallography, Department of Agrofood and Department of Molecular Design, National Council of Research, Area of Research of Rome, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy

    Maria Teresa Giardi PhD  & Giuseppina Rea PhD  & 

  2. Institute of General Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Sciences Applied to Biosystems, DISMAB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Bruno Berra PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Scapagnini, G., Caruso, C., Calabrese, V. (2010). Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Polyphenols against Brain Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disorders. In: Giardi, M.T., Rea, G., Berra, B. (eds) Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 698. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation