Abstract
Microglia activation and overproduction of inflammatory mediators in the CNS have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1]. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at lower doses is associated with lower incidence of idiopathic PD compared to non-NSAID users [2, 3, 4]. However, key molecular mediators of neurotoxicity that directly contribute to neurodegeneration have not been identified. A role for the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in PD (reviewed in [5]). Nigral midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons are extremely sensitive to TNF [6], and the CSF and post-mortem brains of patients with both diseases display elevated levels of TNF [7, 8]. Lastly, although no robust genetic association between TNF and development of PD has been demonstrated, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TNF promoter gene has been associated with a rare form of early-onset idiopathic PD [9]. Using engineered dominant-negative TNF variants (DN-TNFs) [10] and the decoy TNF receptor etanercept, we investigated the extent to which TNF-dependent mechanisms are required for loss of DA neurons in vitro and in vivo in two different models of parkinsonism.
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Acknowledgments
We thank D. E. Szykowski at Xencor for providing DN-TNF (XENP345) reagents for our studies and members of the Tansey Lab for useful discussions.
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McCoy, M.K., Ruhn, K.A., Blesch, A., Tansey, M.G. (2011). TNF: A Key Neuroinflammatory Mediator of Neurotoxicity and Neurodegeneration in Models of Parkinson’s Disease. In: Wallach, D., Kovalenko, A., Feldmann, M. (eds) Advances in TNF Family Research. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 691. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_56
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_56
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