Abstract
For antigen and various cytokine receptor-mediated signalling events, ubiquitination is a fundamental regulatory mechanism implicated in the different signalling pathways emanating from these receptors. Since the discovery of the importance of lysine 48-linked ubiquitin chains for NF-?B activation and the finding that the ubiquitin ligases TRAF2 and cIAP1/2 are recruited to the TNF-RSC, it became clear that the activation of TNF-induced signalling pathways depends strongly on the ubiquitin system. TNF plays a critical role in inflammatory processes and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. Depending on the cellular context, TNF initiates a complex cascade of signalling events that can result in induction of proinflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, differentiation or cell death. Ligand-induced trimerisation of TNF-R1 leads to the formation of a multi-protein complex, the TNFR1 signalling complex (TNF-RSC). To be able to understand the multifaceted regulatory functions of the ubiquitin network and to comprehend the complex interplay of signalling pathways emanating from TNF-R1, the TNF-RSC and its composition need to be understood at the molecular level. Therefore we newly developed a modified tandem affinity purification (moTAP) procedure which allowed us to physically determine the molecular composition of the TNF-RSC in an unbiased manner. Using the moTAP approach, HOIL-1 and HOIP were identified as two novel, functional components of the native TNF-RSC. Together they were shown to form a linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), catalysing the formation of linear head-to-tail ubiquitin chains. LUBAC mediates ubiquitination of NEMO with linear ubiquitin chains, required for efficient NF-?B activation following TNF stimulation. We show that the stimulation-dependent recruitment of LUBAC to the TNF-RSC is impaired in TRADD-, TRAF2-, and cIAP1/2-, but not in RIP1- and NEMO-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the E3 ligase activity of cIAPs, but not of TRAF2, is required for HOIL-1 recruitment to the TNF-RSC. This result, together with the ability of HOIL-1 and HOIP to bind polyubiquitin chains of various linkage types, suggests that LUBAC is recruited to the TNF-RSC via cIAP-generated ubiquitin chains. LUBAC enhances NEMO interaction with the TNF-RSC, stabilises this protein complex, and is required for efficient TNF-induced activation of NF-?B and JNK, resulting in apoptosis inhibition. Finally, we show that the activity of LUBAC is required for stabilisation of the TNF-RSC, thereby adding a third form of ubiquitin linkage to the control of TNF signalling. The identification of HOIL-1 and HOIP as functional constituents of the TNF-RSC provides evidence that LUBAC is an important regulator at the apex of TNF-induced signalling cascades and increases the combinatorial complexity of ubiquitin modifications within this receptor complex.
C.H. Emmerich and A.C. Schmukle contributed equally to this work.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bertrand MJ, Doiron K, Labbe K, Korneluk RG, Barker PA, Saleh M (2009) Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis cIAP1 and cIAP2 are required for innate immunity signaling by the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2. Immunity 30:789–801
Bertrand MJ, Milutinovic S, Dickson KM, Ho WC, Boudreault A, Durkin J, Gillard JW, Jaquith JB, Morris SJ, Barker PA (2008) cIAP1 and cIAP2 facilitate cancer cell survival by functioning as E3 ligases that promote RIP1 ubiquitination. Mol Cell 30:689–700
Blankenship JW, Varfolomeev E, Goncharov T, Fedorova AV, Kirkpatrick DS, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Phu L, Arnott D, Aghajan M, Zobel K et al (2009) Ubiquitin binding modulates IAP antagonist-stimulated proteasomal degradation of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2(1) Biochem J 417:149–160
Chen ZJ (2005) Ubiquitin signalling in the NF-kappaB pathway. Nat Cell Biol 7:758–765
Chen ZJ, Sun LJ (2009) Nonproteolytic functions of ubiquitin in cell signaling. Mol Cell 33:275–286
Dikic I, Wakatsuki S, Walters KJ (2009) Ubiquitin-binding domains - from structures to functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:659–671
Goldstein G (1974) Isolation of bovine thymin: a polypeptide hormone of the thymus. Nature 247:11–14
Gyrd-Hansen M, Darding M, Miasari M, Santoro MM, Zender L, Xue W, Tenev T, da Fonseca PC, Zvelebil M, Bujnicki JM et al (2008) IAPs contain an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin-binding domain that regulates NF-kappaB as well as cell survival and oncogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 10:1309–1317
Haas et al (2009) Recruitment of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex stabilizes the TNF-R1 signaling complex and is required for TNF-mediated gene induction. Mol Cell 36: 831–844
Hitotsumatsu O, Ahmad RC, Tavares R, Wang M, Philpott D, Turer EE, Lee BL, Shiffin N, Advincula R, Malynn BA et al (2008) The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 restricts nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2-triggered signals. Immunity 28:381–390
Hoeller D, Hecker CM, Dikic I (2006) Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in cancer pathogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 6:776–788
Ikeda F, Dikic I (2008) Atypical ubiquitin chains: new molecular signals. ‘Protein Modifications: Beyond the Usual Suspects’ review series. EMBO Rep 9:536–542
Iwai K, Tokunaga F (2009) Linear polyubiquitination: a new regulator of NF-kappaB activation. EMBO Rep 10:706–713
Kirisako T, Kamei K, Murata S, Kato M, Fukumoto H, Kanie M, Sano S, Tokunaga F, Tanaka K, Iwai K (2006) A ubiquitin ligase complex assembles linear polyubiquitin chains. EMBO J 25:4877–4887
Komander D, Reyes-Turcu F, Licchesi JD, Odenwaelder P, Wilkinson KD, Barford D (2009) Molecular discrimination of structurally equivalent Lys 63-linked and linear polyubiquitin chains. EMBO Rep 10:466–473
Kovalenko A, Chable-Bessia C, Cantarella G, Israel A, Wallach D, Courtois G (2003) The tumour suppressor CYLD negatively regulates NF-kappaB signalling by deubiquitination. Nature 424:801–805
Kulathu Y, Akutsu M, Bremm A, Hofmann K, Komander D (2009) Two-sided ubiquitin binding explains specificity of the TAB2 NZF domain. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16:1328–1330
Lo YC, Lin SC, Rospigliosi CC, Conze DB, Wu CJ, Ashwell JD, Eliezer D, Wu H (2009) Structural basis for recognition of diubiquitins by NEMO. Mol Cell 33:602–615
Mace PD, Linke K, Feltham R, Schumacher FR, Smith CA, Vaux DL, Silke J, Day CL (2008) Structures of the cIAP2 RING domain reveal conformational changes associated with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) recruitment. J Biol Chem 283:31633–31640
Mahoney DJ, Cheung HH, Mrad RL, Plenchette S, Simard C, Enwere E, Arora V, Mak TW, Lacasse EC, Waring J, Korneluk RG (2008) Both cIAP1 and cIAP2 regulate TNFalpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:11778–11783
Matsuzawa A, Tseng PH, Vallabhapurapu S, Luo JL, Zhang W, Wang H, Vignali DA, Gallagher E, Karin M (2008) Essential cytoplasmic translocation of a cytokine receptor-assembled signaling complex. Science 321:663–668
Park SM, Yoon JB, Lee TH (2004) Receptor interacting protein is ubiquitinated by cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (c-IAP1 and c-IAP2) in vitro. FEBS Lett 566:151–156
Rahighi S, Ikeda F, Kawasaki M, Akutsu M, Suzuki N, Kato R, Kensche T, Uejima T, Bloor S, Komander D et al (2009) Specific recognition of linear ubiquitin chains by NEMO is important for NF-kappaB activation. Cell 136:1098–1109
Schlesinger DH, Goldstein G, Niall HD (1975) The complete amino acid sequence of ubiquitin, an adenylate cyclase stimulating polypeptide probably universal in living cells. Biochemistry 14:2214–2218
Tenno T, Fujiwara K, Tochio H, Iwai K, Morita EH, Hayashi H, Murata S, Hiroaki H, Sato M, Tanaka K, Shirakawa M (2004) Structural basis for distinct roles of Lys63- and Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains. Genes Cells 9:865–875
Tokunaga F, Sakata S, Saeki Y, Satomi Y, Kirisako T, Kamei K, Nakagawa T, Kato M, Murata S, Yamaoka S et al (2009) Involvement of linear polyubiquitylation of NEMO in NF-kappaB activation. Nat Cell Biol 11:123–132
Trompouki E, Hatzivassiliou E, Tsichritzis T, Farmer H, Ashworth A, Mosialos G (2003) CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNFR family members. Nature 424:793–796
Vallabhapurapu S, Matsuzawa A, Zhang W, Tseng PH, Keats JJ, Wang H, Vignali DA, Bergsagel PL, Karin M (2008) Nonredundant and complementary functions of TRAF2 and TRAF3 in a ubiquitination cascade that activates NIK-dependent alternative NF-kappaB signaling. Nat Immunol 9:1364–1370
Varadan R, Assfalg M, Haririnia A, Raasi S, Pickart C, Fushman D (2004) Solution conformation of Lys63-linked di-ubiquitin chain provides clues to functional diversity of polyubiquitin signaling. J Biol Chem 279:7055–7063
Varfolomeev E, Goncharov T, Fedorova AV, Dynek JN, Zobel K, Deshayes K, Fairbrother WJ, Vucic D (2008) c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 are critical mediators of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 283:24295–24299
Vince JE, Pantaki D, Feltham R, Mace PD, Cordier SM, Schmukle AC, Davidson AJ, Callus BA, Wong WW, Gentle IE et al (2009) TRAF2 must bind to cIAPs for TNF to efficiently activate NF-{kappa}B and to prevent TNF-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 284:35906–35915
Vince JE, Wong WW, Khan N, Feltham R, Chau D, Ahmed AU, Benetatos CA, Chunduru SK, Condon SM, McKinlay M et al (2007) IAP antagonists target cIAP1 to induce TNFalpha-dependent apoptosis. Cell 131:682–693
Wang C, Deng L, Hong M, Akkaraju GR, Inoue J, Chen ZJ (2001) TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK. Nature 412:346–351
Wertz IE, O’Rourke KM, Zhou H, Eby M, Aravind L, Seshagiri S, Wu P, Wiesmann C, Baker R, Boone DL et al (2004) De-ubiquitination and ubiquitin ligase domains of A20 downregulate NF-kappaB signalling. Nature 430:694–699
Wong WW, Gentle IE, Nachbur U, Anderton H, Vaux DL, Silke J (2010) RIPK1 is not essential for TNFR1-induced activation of NF-kappaB. Cell Death Differ 17:482–487
Wu CJ, Conze DB, Li T, Srinivasula SM, Ashwell JD (2006) Sensing of Lys 63-linked polyubiquitination by NEMO is a key event in NF-kappaB activation [corrected]. Nat Cell Biol 8:398–406
Xu M, Skaug B, Zeng W, Chen ZJ (2009) A ubiquitin replacement strategy in human cells reveals distinct mechanisms of IKK activation by TNFalpha and IL-1beta. Mol Cell 36:302–314
Yamamoto M, Okamoto T, Takeda K, Sato S, Sanjo H, Uematsu S, Saitoh T, Yamamoto N, Sakurai H, Ishii KJ et al (2006) Key function for the Ubc13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in immune receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 7:962–970
Yin Q, Lamothe B, Darnay BG, Wu H (2009) Structural basis for the lack of E2 interaction in the RING domain of TRAF2. Biochemistry 48:10558–10567
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Emmerich, C.H. et al. (2011). The Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC) Forms Part of the TNF-R1 Signalling Complex and Is Required for Effective TNF-Induced Gene Induction and Prevents TNF-Induced Apoptosis. In: Wallach, D., Kovalenko, A., Feldmann, M. (eds) Advances in TNF Family Research. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 691. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-6611-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-6612-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)